Abstract: A process for diffusing and subliming water-soluble and water-insoluble materials into never-dried, water-swollen aromatic polyamide fibers, using steam heated at certain temperatures.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein a polymer blend of a poly(butylene terephthalate) and about 5 to 25% by weight of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is melt spun to form a fiber or yarn which is then drawn at an elevated temperature resulting in the poly(butylene terephthalate) having a stable beta crystal form in relaxed condition. The fiber or yarn may then be subjected to a heat relaxation treatment which changes the crystal form of the poly(butylene terephthalate) from the beta to the alpha form resulting in some shrinkage of the fiber or yarn and causing it to have a greater degree of stretchability.

Abstract: An expansible macromolecular material is produced by a method which comprises mixing an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, an acidic aqueous macromolecular electrolyte solution, and a basic aqueous macromolecular electrolyte solution thereby preparing a composite polymer and subjecting this composite polymer to at least one cycle of alternate freezing and defrosting treatments. A macromolecular membrane constituted of said expansible macromolecular material and containing numerous through holes is obtained by mixing, freezing, and defrosting the aforementioned three mixed aqueous solutions under specific conditions.

Abstract: A process for the production of a prolonged release shaped product for the disinfection of water or aqueous solutions which comprises shaping, by deformation at a pressure of at least 8000 kg/cm.sup.2, at least one difficulty soluble metal compound having microbicidal activity into shaped form, and treating the compound in a manner which produces an outer metal oxide layer on the surface of the shaped product which is readily soluble in water wherein the readily soluble metal oxide layer of the shaped product provides an initial source of microbicidal activity, and the difficulty soluble metal compound provides a prolonged release source of microbicidal activity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming at least one thin substantially uniform fluid coating comprising polymeric film forming material on a cylindrical mandrel, solidifying the fluid coating to form a uniform solid coating and separating the uniform solid coating from the mandrel. The process may comprise forming at least one thin substantially uniform fluid coating comprising polymeric film forming material around a cylindrical mandrel, the mandrel having a larger mass or lower thermal conductivity than the polymeric film forming material and a critical surface tension greater than the surface tension of the fluid coating, solidifying the fluid coating to form at least one thin substantially uniform solid coating comprising the polymeric film forming material around the cylindrical mandrel, heating both the uniform solid coating and the mandrel to a temperature at least above the apparent T.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing an improved ceramic fiber molding by submersing the molding into a suspension containing colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina and chromium oxide powder. The chromium oxide is deposited onto the ceramic fibers thereby increasing the molding's resistance to linear shrinkage and corrosion when subjected to high temperatures.

Abstract: A nylon 66 fiber capable of being uniformly dyed is made by extruding a melt of nylon 66, passing the extruded filaments through a heating zone provided at the surface of the extrusion nozzle and having a length of at least about 5 cm to about 100 cm and a temperature of about 150.degree. C. to about 260.degree. C., applying a suction with an aspirator located below the heating zone, and then winding at a winding speed of at least 6,000 m/min.

Abstract: In a method for continuously manufacturing slide fastener coupling elements, a molded strip of coupling element blanks is folded by a first folder unit about its longitudinal axis while still hot into a U-shaped cross-section to provide a folded strip of coupling element blanks each having a width larger than a predetermined width of each of the coupling elements as ultimately shaped. After having been heated by a hot-air blower, the hot folded strip of blanks is shaped by a second folder unit into slide fastener coupling elements of a finalized shape and dimensions through a plurality of bending stages in which the widths of the coupling element blanks are constricted stepwise by the second folder unit as the folded strip of blanks is fed therethrough.

Abstract: Application of hydrophobic silica to an anisotropic-melt forming polyester yarn reduces interfilament and intrafilament fusion during heat-strengthening. Improvements in adhesion of yarn to certain matrices are noted.

Abstract: A method for fabricating injection molded ceramic shapes suitable for densification by sintering or hot isostatic pressing has been developed. The method is applicable to ceramic articles of large, complex cross sections, greater than one centimeter, which are generally prone to external cracking during binder removal. The method requires use of a controlled starting powder, and a novel binder removal process to obtain an externally crack-free article.

Abstract: The method includes the steps of inscribing or imprinting a symbol or message on a substantially flat surface of a block of plastic while the same is at an elevated temperature by the application of pressure to said surface. The plastic block is then cooled to approximately room temperature and all visible evidence of the inscription is "erased" by physically removing, as by grinding, the superficial layer of material which bears the visible inscription. The inscription is made to reappear on the surface of the remaining block of plastic by heating the same to approximately the elevated temperature at which the inscription was made until the symbol or message reappears.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a coated oriented plastic container, which comprises coating an aqueous latex or organic solvent solution of a vinylidene chloride copolymer on at least one surface of a parison, preform or sheet for formation of container which is formed by hot molding of a molecularly orientable thermoplastic resin, drying the coated parison, preform or sheet to form a coating layer, and subjecting the formed coated structure to draw molding such as biaxial draw blow molding or draw forming, wherein the coating layer of the vinylidene chloride copolymer is crystallized at the step of forming the coating layer or the draw molding step.In the coated oriented plastic container prepared according to this process, the adhesion of the coating layer of the vinylidene chloride copolymer to the plastic container substrate is highly improved, and even under severe conditions, peeling of the coating layer is prevented.

Abstract: Use of surfactant in coating of yarn from anisotropic melt-forming polyester with alkali metal salts enhances heat-strengthening acceleration effect.

Abstract: A novel process is provided for producing prefoam type cellular concrete articles, which uses a foamed slurry (E) consisting essentially of an aqueous slurry (A) of a calcium silicate-based cement compound, an aqueous slurry (B) of a calcium aluminate-based cement compound, a specific setting retarder (C), and an aqueous foamed liquid (D). The process is further characterized in that: (i) the foamed slurry (E) is cast and provided with hardened strength sufficient for demolding in 20 to 120 minutes after it has been poured into a mold; (ii) the demolded article is subjected to precuring under specific conditions of humidity, temperature and precuring time; and (iii) the molded article is then subjected to hydrothermal curing under high pressure.

Abstract: Damage to the natural tone of acrylic fibres, produced according to a continuous dry spinning process, can be avoided if from 0.025 to 0.2% by weight of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid, based on the fibrous solids material, is added to the spinning solution.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire having a high durability is disclosed, which comprises a carcass composed of at least one ply containing polyester fiber cords embedded in rubber. This polyester fiber cord has particular fiber properties and cord properties. Among the cord properties, the elongation under a tension of 2 g/D of the cord after the specific post-cure inflation treatment is not more than 4.5% and the sum of the elongation and heat shrinkage is not more than 8.0%.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a precast composite structure of a matrix of cured carbon fiber reinforced concrete and at least one ferrous metallic member at least partly buried in said matrix, by forming an insulating layer of an electric resistance of at least about 100 ohms at least on that surface of the ferrous metallic member, which will otherwise be brought in contact with a concrete mix, placing the metallic member in position in a mold, pouring into the mold a concrete mix containing 0.2 to 10% by volume of carbon fiber so that said metallic member may be at least partly buried in said concrete mix, partly curing the structure until it becomes self-supporting, de-molding the partly cured structure, and fully curing the structure in an autoclave at a temperature between 100.degree. C. and 215.degree. C.

Abstract: A solid stick composition, in a container, is moved through a protective tunnel wherein the stick is cooled to effect solidification, remelted to fill any void in the stick, cooled to solidify, and polished, by heating and cooling, with filtered air flowing through the tunnel to remove heat therefrom.

Abstract: Polyester fibers containing one or more oxalate complexes of the general formulaMe.sub.n [Z(C.sub.2 O.sub.4).sub.m ]are drawn and subjected to a hydrosetting process at temperatures of 90.degree. to 170.degree. C. in the presence of liquid water, the water containing one or more of the following surfactants: salts of partial esters of phosphoric aid, sulfosuccinic aid esters, phosphonic acid esters as well as ethoxylated silicon compounds, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyglycol esters of fatty acids as well as various imidazole salts of partially or completely hydrogenated imidazoles. In this way the hydrosetting process is accelerated and a more stable pore structure is obtained. Water absorption and retention are also increased.

Abstract: In producing an electret element having piezoelectric properties by subjecting a vinylidene cyanide copolymer to a polarization treatment, the copolymer is heat-treated at a temperature below the glass transition temperature thereof prior to or simultaneously with the polarization treatment to thereby increase the longitudinal piezoelectric effect (Kt).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for manufacturing transparent plastic articles, primarily plano or opthalmic photoreactive lenses, which comprises incorporating fulgides or fulgimides containing an adamantylidene group in plastics casting or moulding compositions or preformed plastics articles and converting the fulgide or fulgimide in situ into a form in which it confers on the article the property of darkening in the presence of sunlight and fading in its absence.

Abstract: Melt extruded poly(6-oxy-2-naphthoate-4-oxybenzoate) shaped articles of relatively high strength and modulus are produced in a lesser period of time than commonly heretofore required in the prior art. The required polymer is capable of exhibiting an anisotropic melt phase and is formed through the reaction of 6-acetoxy-2-naphthoic acid and 4-acetoxybenzoic acid under a combination of melt polymerization conditions which surprisingly has been found to yield a shaped article following melt extrusion which may be heat strengthened in an unusually brief period of time (i.e. two hours or less). The polymerization is catalyzed by a potassium salt (e.g. potassium acetate), and the polymerization conditions require a relatively highly elevated final polymerization temperature. Substantially all of the acetic acid by-product is removed from the polymerization zone prior to concluding the polymerization under reduced pressure conditions.

Abstract: A glass fiber-reinforced cement non-plate article which is composed of an inside mortar layer comprising a mixture of normal Portland cement and glass fiber chopped strand, an outside mortar layer comprising a mixture of normal Portland cement and glass fiber chopped strand, and a regulated set cement mortar layer interposed between said both layers and between a pair of continuous glass fiber layers, is formed.

Abstract: This invention provides a multi-step process for the preparation of ceramic fibers, such as ferrimagnetic spinel fibers which are useful in electromagnetic interaction shielding applications.The process involves subjecting a ceramic powder-filled hollow organic fiber to isostatic pressing, and then pyrolyzing and sintering the compacted fiber to yield a ceramic fiber.

Abstract: A method of treating polypropylene hose to increase its strength and durability is provided by flexing the hose through a plurality of 360 degree rotations while in a bent form to alternately axially compress and extend portions of the hose to increase the molecular alignment of the polypropylene.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of metal oxide fibers, which process employs the acrylate salt of the metal.

Abstract: A process for producing a wax-like stick product by pouring molten ingredients into the open bottom of a container for the stick, cooling to partial solidification, heating to melt the upper surface, inserting a twist-up assembly in the open bottom which also closes the bottom, and cooling to solidify the stick product. The latter cooling is done in decreasing temperature stages.

Abstract: A laminate comprises fused adherent layers of plastisol vinyl chloride polymer resins in which a first layer contains Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 and a second layer contains TiO.sub.2. The flexible laminate is useful as a roofing membrane for the roof of a building wherein the layer containing the Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 is adjacent a structural or insulation member of the roof of the building while the TiO.sub.2 layer can be exposed to the elements and can protect the Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer from sunlight.

Abstract: The invention is a process for producing ZnO-based varistors incorporating a metal oxide dopant. In one form, the invention comprises providing a varistor powder mix of colloidal particles of ZnO and metal-oxide dopants including Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3. The mix is hot-pressed to form a compact at temperatures below 850.degree. C. and under conditions effecting reduction of the ZnO to sub-stoichiometric oxide. This promotes densification while restricting liquid formation and grain growth. The compact then is heated under conditions restoring the zinc oxide to stoichiometric composition, thus improving the varistor properties of the compact. The process produces fine-grain varistors characterized by a high actual breakdown voltage and a high average breakdown voltage per individual grain boundary.

Abstract: A fiber consisting essentially of polyethylene terephthalate capable of being dyed under normal pressure and having an initial modulus at 30.degree. C. of about 55 g/d to about 130 g/d, a relationship between a peak temperature [T.sub.max (.degree.C.)] at the peak of a dynamic mechanical loss tangent (tan .delta.) measured with a frequency of 110 Hz and a peak value of the dynamic mechanical loss tangent [(tan .delta.).sub.max ] represented by the formula:(tan .delta.).sub.max .gtoreq.1.times.10.sup.-2 (T.sub.max -105)and a (tan .delta.).sub.max of about 0.14 to about 0.30 and a dynamic mechanical loss tangent at 220.degree. C. (tan .delta..sub.220) of at most about 0.055. The fiber is produced by subjecting a polyethylene terephthalate fiber obtained at a spinning speed of at least about 4000 m/min. to heat treatment at a temperature ranging from a temperature at which a dynamic modulus (E') of the fiber deviates from a tangent line at 180.degree. C.

Abstract: Polyacrylonitrile filaments having a residual solvent content of less than 5% by weight and a total linear density of over 100,000 dtex can be prepared without contact with an extracting agent for the spinning solvent by a process in which(a) the spinning solution spun has a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of 10 to 60 falling-ball seconds,(b) the filaments are treated while still hot, directly at the end of the spinning cell, inside it or immediately outside the end of the cell, with a spin-finish which contains a lubricant and an antistat and which gives the filaments a moisture content of at most 10% by weight, relative to the solids content of the fibre, and(c) the filaments are immediately exposed to a heat treatment without cooling down first.

Abstract: A polypropylene strap for use in packaging articles. The polypropylene strap has a high tensile strength, a low elongation, a high ridigity, a high abrasion resistance, and flexible surfaces, and it is not easily split in the longitudinal direction. This strap has superficial layers stretched at a low draw rate of 1.2-3, and a inner portion stretched at a high draw rate of 10-18. The total thickness of the superficial layers is 5-50% of the total thickness of the strap. The strap is manufactured by stretching a belt-like material, which has been extruded from a die, in the lengthwise direction thereof at a volume ratio of 4-9, heating the surfaces of the resulting belt-like material to put the molecular chains in the superficial layers only thereof in a non-oriented state, and then stretching the belt-like material as a whole at a draw ratio of 1.2-3.

Abstract: A plywood is manufactured by applying an aqueous plywood adhesive fluid to the peripheral surface of a heating roll rotating at a given speed by means of a roll coater to form an adhesive fluid film, drying the adhesive fluid film into a tacky-dry film while it is carried on the surface of the heating roll, stripping the tacky-dry adhesive film from the roll surface by pulling it under tension with or without the aid of a stripping knife, interposing the adhesive film between a pair of veneers, and pressing the veneers to each other to bond them.

Abstract: A high-hardness and high-strength carbon material is produced by disposing a body of graphite carbon, e.g. precompacted graphite or a mass of powdery graphite carbon, of a predetermined shape and dimension in a collapsible receptacle shaped and dimensioned to tightly retain the body therein, the receptacle being collapsible at least one-dimensionally under external pressure while holding the body against expansion. High pressure is applied to the body while the body is heated to an elevated temperature and for a sufficient period such as to cause a central region of the body to be liquefied and the remainder thereof to be sintered. While under continuous pressure, the body is cooled to give in carbon material.

Abstract: There are provided methods for making heat-resistant, foamed, crystalline plastic materials. For example, polyethylene terephthalate may be foamed with a polycarbonate, extruded into a foamed sheet and this foamed sheet may be thermoformed by being subjected to crystallization annealing. The thermoformed, foamed, crystalline plastic sheets prepared by this process are particularly useful for forming light weight, ovenable food containers.

Abstract: A process for forming a continuous filament yarn from a melt-spinnable synthetic linear polymer and novel yarns of polyethylene terephthalate and yarns of polyhexamethylene adipamide produced by the process, the process comprising extruding the molten polymer through a shaped orifice to form a molten filamentary material, passing the molten filamentary material through a solidification zone, passing the solidified filamentary material through a conditioning zone provided with a gaseous atmosphere at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the material and below its melting temperature, withdrawing the resulting filamentary yarn from the conditioning zone and winding up such yarn, characterized in that the gaseous atmosphere in the conditioning zone is compressed steam at an absolute pressure in excess of 5 psig and preferably, in the case of a yarn of polyethylene terephthalate, between 50 and 156 psig and preferably, in the case of a yarn of polyhexamethylene adipamide, between 14 and 70 psig

Abstract: A process for increasing the percent void of hollow filaments by contacting the filaments with water at a temperature of at least about 92.degree. C. for at least about 3 seconds. It is necessary that the treatment be carried out while the filaments are in an amorphous condition. Preferred filaments are polyesters.

Abstract: Shaped articles composed of polymers formed from residues which are not melt processable characterized in that the shaped article has been formed from a readily processable melt of a copolymer containing said residues together with in-chain temperature labile residues and has been subsequently heated to remove the labile constituents with recombination of the resultant polymeric residues. Preferably the processable melt should be in the form of an anisotropic melt so that the shaped article may be in oriented form prior to removal of the residues. Typically the shaped articles are articles of thin section composed of p-hydroxybenzoic acid residues.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rapidly manufacturing concrete or like poducts having an advanced state of cure by blending together a calcareous cementitious binder, aggregate, and water to form a mix, molding the mixture to have a predetermined shape and exposing the shape to an atmosphere in a chambr consisting essentially of carbon dioxide gas, wherein ultracold carbon dioxide gas is fed to said chamber during the movement of the shape therein and continuing the feed so as to cause an exothermic temperature rise in the shape.

Abstract: A laminate of a first layer of a lamellar heterogeneous blend of a polyolefin and a condensation polymer incompatible with the polyolefin, and a second layer of a polyolefin, said layers being melt bonded together.

Abstract: Bake out is accelerated and made possible at a lower temperature when at least one metal organic compound defined by the general formulaM R.sub.nin whichM=V.sup.III, Mn.sup.II, Mn.sup.III, IN.sup.III, Ca, Co.sup.III, Ni.sup.II (VO).sup.II or (VO).sup.IIIn=2 or 3R=an organic residue of the compound classes of polyunsaturated compounds, aminoalcohols, aminoacids, carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, mercaptocarboxylic acids, enolisable ketones, ketoximes, aldoximes, amines, and phosphineswhich is capable of changing into an oxide of M when heated to 150.degree. to 420.degree. C. is dissolved in the starting mixture or added to the starting mixture in the form of a solution.

Abstract: A calcium silicate shaped product is prepared by forming an aqueous slurry of calcium silicate hydrate by reacting a calcareous source with a siliceous source in water as a dispersion under heating; molding said aqueous slurry to form a molded product having a bulk density of less than 0.6 g/cm.sub.3 ; curing said molded product, in a closed tank having a capacity of 1.5 to 30 times of the volume of said molded product at 140.degree. to 300.degree. C. by dry-heating without feeding steam, and drying the product.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the plaster industry and, more precisely, with the elimination of excess water in objects containing hydratable calcium sulphate and water.It offers to subject the said objects to a high efficiency thermic drying before the end of the hydration of the calcium sulphate, and to stop the said drying, while allowing enough water for the continuation of hydration to remain in the objects.It is applied, more specifically, to the manufacture of plaster board.

Abstract: A novel method is taught for preparing polymeric alloys composed of a mixture of an aromatic heterocyclic rod-like reinforcing polymer and an aromatic heterocyclic coil-like amorphous mixture with vastly improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method for making cast precision epoxy resin bodies and an epoxy resin formulation for use therein, the epoxy resin formulation having Component A consisting essentially of from 40 to 70% by weight epoxy novolac polymer, from 30 to 50% by weight vinyl -3-cyclohexene diepoxide and from 0 to 20% by weight 3,4 epoxy cyclohexylmethyl -3,4-epoxy cyclohexane carboxylate and Component B consisting essentially of partially hydrolyzed aryl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, preferably partially hydrolyzed pyromellitic acid dianhydride. In the preferred embodiments a tertiary amine catalyst is also included. These components are mixed, just before use, in a ratio of from 20 to 50 parts by weight Component B to each 100 parts by weight Component A.

Abstract: Silicone putty-like substance is made by mixing dimethyl silicone gum with a boron compound (e.g., boric acid) and a reinforcing filler, and making sheet stocks of the mixture. The sheet stocks are placed on perforated trays in a heating oven and heated at a temperature of about 350.degree. F. to about 500.degree. F. for several hours. The volatiles produced during heating (cooking) of the sheets stocks are removed from the oven by passing air through the perforated trays in order to obtain high bouncing putty which minimal amount of inferior product.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for modifying melt spun filaments after extrusion and solidification by tensioning and exposing to a heated fluid environment. By this invention it is possible to directly form a melt spinnable filamentary yarn having properties similar to those of drawn yarns.

Abstract: A method of extruding polypropylene filaments in which the polypropylene is extruded at a temperature below 375.degree. F., such as in the range 335.degree. F. to 365.degree. F., particularly about 350.degree. F., into a quiescent hot zone having a temperature sufficiently high to retard cooling of the extruded polypropylene filaments. The filaments are then passed through and cooled in a quench zone across which cooling air is blown. The polypropylene has a narrow molecular weight distribution with a swell value less than 2.5, and its melt flow may be greater than 30. The yarn is drawn-down in the hot zone and the filaments may be drawn-down to an undrawn denier of less than 15 with substantial elimination of resonance.

Abstract: A process for setting in a desired shape a product at least a portion of which comprises electrostatically spun fibres is disclosed. The process comprises maintaining the product in the desired shape at a temperature below the melding temperature of the electrostatically spun fibres. The desired shape may be the as-spun shape of the product or a shape obtained by deformation of the product, i.e. the product is reshaped. The fibres preferably comprise a polyurethane and reshaping is preferably effected on a former. The reshaped product may be employed as a vascular prosthesis.

Abstract: A material web impregnated with a settable synthetic resin travels in vertical direction, from the bottom towards the top, through a first heat treatment zone where the solvent of the synthetic resin or plastic is evaporated and there occurs a chemical reaction. The tacky material web departing from the first heat or thermal treatment zone then passes through a cooling zone where it is cooled by means of a cooling medium to such a degree that it does not stick to the deflection or diverting rolls over which the material web subsequently is guided. After deflection of the material web the latter is moved in vertical direction downwardly through a second heat treatment zone where the chemical reaction proceeds. Prior to winding-up of the material web the latter is further cooled.