Abstract: Provess for improving the chemical resistance of copolyesters derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids, certain substituted aromatic diols and, optionally, aromatic hydroxy acids. The process involves treating shaped objects made from the aromatic polyesters by subjecting them to a temperature sufficient to raise the surface temperature thereof to at least 275.degree. C. and preferably 300.degree. C. in air or other oxygen-containing atmospheres.

Abstract: A destructible marking film having a thickness of about 30 to about 60 microns and a destructibility of not more than 60 kg.cm/mm, said film being composed of a resin composition consisting essentially of (A) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride resin having a degree of polymerization of about 600 to about 2000 and containing 0 to about 5% by weight of a comonomer unit, (B) about 5 to about 20 parts by weight of an alkyl methacrylate resin, (C) about 5 to about 30 parts by weight of a liquid plasticizer, (D) about 10 to about 150 parts by weight of a pigment, and (E) 0 to about 10 parts by weight of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of lubricants and stabilizers. The film can be prepared by shaping the above-defined resin composition by calendering.

Abstract: A method for minimizing low temperature shrinkage of an axially-oriented polyester which includes heating the polyester out of contact with any surface by employing impinging heated gas at a temperature of about 140.degree. to about 180.degree. C. for a time between about 15 and about 3 seconds, and stabilized polyester obtained thereby.

Abstract: A method of producing a form retaining container made of synthetic plastic material comprising feeding a plastic material in liquid state onto a male member to provide a layer on the male member constituting a blank for the container. The layer is cooled to prevent crystallization of the material. The thus cooled blank is placed into a mold cavity having an interior configuration corresponding to the desired outer shape of the container to be produced. The layer is inflated into conformity with the mold cavity. The configuration of the mold cavity is such that the blank undergoes biaxial stretching in a middle region of the container by at least 1.5 times while the mouth and part of the bottom of the container will be formed by biaxially stretching the blank less than 1.5 times. The inflated blank is then heated until curing is completed and then the blank is removed from the mold.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for heat setting side walls of biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin containers to reduce shrinkage of the container and container treated by the process. Heating is by infrared radiation while shielding portions of the container. The apparatus comprises container handling systems to provide a fully automated system capable of being incorporated in present container production lines.

Abstract: A method for bonding a molded component of soft polyvinyl chloride to a molded component to a polyolefin with the use of heat involves applying a layer of crosslinkable synthetic varnish resin containing an acrylic resin having hydroxyl groups to the surface of the molded component of soft polyvinyl chloride and bonding the layer and the associated soft polyvinyl chloride component to a molded component of polyolefin by flame lamination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing terra cotta pavings which may be used for ground surfacing, said pavings not being frost-susceptible, being porous and water-permeable, comprising the steps of: intimately mixing 100 parts by volume of clay with 80 to 160 parts by volume of dry, non-compressed sawdust, essentially formed of particles whose average diameter is included between 0.5 mm and 4 mm; adding water such that the total water content is between 8 and 30% by weight with respect to the weight of the mixture; shaping the pavings under pressure; drying the pavings; baking the pavings at a temperature between the temperature, above which the terra cotta is not frost-susceptible, and the melting temperature of this clay, and subjecting the faces of the pavings to pumicing.

Abstract: A technique for removing surface charges from thin film electret foils involves subjecting the foil to penetrating radiation of a dosage ranging from 1-25 krad and, subsequently, annealing the foil at a temperature ranging from 80.degree.-150.degree. C.

Abstract: Heat treatment of shaped articles, larger than films or fibers, formed from anisotropic-melt-forming polymers provides an increase of at least 25% in energy to break in flexure. In at least one direction of measurement the heat treated articles are characterized by a flexural break strength of at least 10,000 psi, maximum strain to break in flexure of at least 2% and a flexural modulus of at least 500,000 psi. In many instances the heat treated articles can be further characterized by a notched Izod impact strength of at least 2 foot-pounds per inch.Since the heat-treated shaped articles have high levels of strength, stiffness and toughness, they are useful as replacements for some metals, e.g., brass.

Abstract: A method for improving the impact strength and other properties of monaxially oriented, thermoplastic polymeric film cross-laminates which comprises first forming the cross-laminate and then annealing it at an elevated temperature. The annealing may be carried out by passing the cross-laminate through an annealing oven or over a heated cylinder. Annealing temperatures can vary from 35.degree. C. to a temperature below the melting temperature of the lowest melting thermoplastic film, excluding any adhesive or extruded bonding layer. A particularly useful annealing temperature is within the range of 60.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: Fiber-forming polymers are prepared from a mixture of the hexamethylene diamine salts of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and a small amount of at least one aliphatic dibasic acid (e.g. adipic acid) having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms. The polymers can be prepared in a batch autoclave and extruded therefrom without cleaning the autoclave between successive runs.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a coaxial cable which exhibits a substantially uniform electrostatic capacity with respect to length. The improvement includes the steps of reheating the insulated layer and then recooling and resolidifying the reheated insulated layer. The improvement also includes the steps of feeding and then reducing the outer diameter of the inner conductor prior to the winding of the rib onto the outer peripheral surface of the inner conductor.

Abstract: A process comprising winding polyvinylbutyral interlayer sheet at a controlled low tension reduces blocking at the core of the roll and minimizes stretch variations within the roll and storing the roll until use at a temperature below 15.degree. C.

Abstract: The heat deflection temperature of amorphous thermoformed polyethylene terephthalate is increased by removing absorbed and/or adsorbed water therefrom, as by heating in an oven, or by desiccation. Following drying, the material is kept in a desiccated storage vessel until time of use.

Abstract: A method of providing a hot section in a continuously moving synthetic yarn comprises directing at least one jet of hot fluid obliquely across the moving yarn. The jet intersects the yarn at an obtuse angle to the approaching yarn. The method also produces drawn yarn by passing undrawn yarn into the jet and tensioning the yarn as it passes through the jet. Apparatus for performing the method includes a body member formed with a chamber formed with yarn entry and exit passages and a fluid ejecting nozzle. The body member may be additionally formed with a cavity opening from the chamber opposite the nozzle.

Abstract: A preform is made by casting a copolyester polymer elastomer into a block. While the block is solidifying, pressure is supplied to the central portion thereof. After a block is formed, it is annealed and a precompression force is applied thereto sufficient to compress the block to an extent greater than thirty percent of the original dimension of the block as measured parallel to the precompression force. In one embodiment a cushioning unit using the block is made by placing a pair of multi-apertured metal plates on opposite sides of the block with projections on the plates extending against the block and applying a second precompression force to the block and plates sufficient to cause the copolyester polymer elastomer to flow into the apertures in the plates and form a mechanical bond between the block and the plates.

Abstract: Textiles containing blends of a proteinous animal fiber and polypropylene are rendered shrink-resistant by heating the textile to a temperature of about 165.degree.-250.degree. C. for a period of 0.1 to 60 seconds.

Abstract: A single sheet of standard grade plastic laminate material is bent at two locations to form it into a side wall and two end walls corresponding to the side wall and two end walls of a bathtub recess. Following forming, one end wall portion of the wall covering is loosely folded over the opposite end wall portion. Then, the partially folded wall covering is pushed endwise into a rectangular cardboard box having a normal thickness which is substantially smaller than the initial depth of the partially folded wall covering. The box with the partially folded wall covering inside is moved through a rectangular opening provided in a rigid mandril, sized to be substantially equal to the normal outside dimension of the box. The mandril forces the outwardly bulging side walls of the box inwardly and reshapes both the side walls of the box and the side and end walls of the partially folded wall covering therein.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for continuously preparing a web of thermoplastic flat film for a subsequent winding operation, by providing it with embossed lines, preferably one line along each edge or very near each edge of the web, which process comprises embossing the lines while the film web is in a thermal state in which the tensioned film may be easily embossed, and is tensioned in all directions without undergoing a stretching operation effecting a dimensional change of the film web, and then cooling the embossed web of film.

Abstract: A method for curling plastic filaments to produce simulated hair for doll wigs in which the curled plastic filaments are given a permanent set by a heat treatment, in a chamber with a combination of steam and electrical heat. By the use of this combination of heat, melting of the filaments on the mandrel during interruption of the method is avoided.

Abstract: A resilient drawn polyester textile fiber comprised of at least 50 mol percent of poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) with a bending recovery of at least 55 percent and a toughness of at least 0.75 grams/denier is provided. This fiber, which preferably consists essentially of 100 mol percent poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) and has an initial modulus of less than 350 k.g./mm.sup.2 and a tensile factor of at least about 21, is especially useful in pile fabrics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for substantially increasing the flexibility of a polyester by annealing the polyester. The polyester is either a dimer acid or a poly(alkylene oxide)glycol modified poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate).

Abstract: A method of producing a beta-alumina ceramic article containing a doping addition of magnesium oxide or of magnesium oxide and lithium oxide, comprising the steps of wet-milling a precursor material or emulsification of an already powdered precursor material to form an aqueous slurry, spray-drying the slurry to produce a powder, forming the powder into a green shape and sintering the shape, wherein the precursor material contains at least some of the magnesium oxide in the form of magnesium aluminate.

Abstract: A substantially dimensionally stable, calendered vinyl film construction having good chemical resistance and outdoor durability is disclosed. The film comprises a calendered vinyl film, an adhesive having high creep and shrinkage resistance on one side thereof, and release paper bonded to the adhesive on the side remote from the vinyl film. It is useful as a substrate for markings and decals on the exterior surfaces of vehicles and other structures. The calendered film which comprises polyvinyl chloride, a plasticizer or plasticizers and heat and ultraviolet light stabilizers is heat and pressure stabilized after calendering. Release paper is then coated with a layer of high creep and shrink resistant adhesive by reverse roll coating, and the release paper/adhesive composite is dried and is laminated to the film at a laminating nip.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing extruded thermoplastic material for use in house siding by advancing a hollow extrudate from the die member through cooling and sizing baths followed by stress relieving the extrudate and then cutting the extrudate into separate finished strips for final processing and packing.

Abstract: A process for producing polymeric films from crystallizable polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, comprising extruding a molten polymer onto a receiving surface with subsequent cooling of the polymer on said surface at 20.degree.-80.degree. C. to obtain an amorphous polymeric film. This film is heat-treated at 130.degree.-190.degree. C. to obtain a crystallinity of the film of 5-50%. Then the film is oriented at 130.degree.-250.degree. C., thermally fixed at 170.degree.-250.degree. C. and cooled at 20.degree.-30.degree. C. Polymeric films produced by the above-described method have a high structural homogeneity and elevated physical and mechanical characteristics (ultimate tensile strength up to 4000 kg/cm.sup.2, yield point up to 3500 kg/cm.sup.2).

Abstract: Method for the production of biaxially molecularly oriented polymeric film with more balanced tensile characteristics across the width, by subjecting the film between the longitudinal and the transverse stretching to an intermediate release treatment comprising maintaining the film at reduced longitudinal tension and at a temperature which is comprised between the second order transition temperature of the film and a temperature which is by 30.degree. C higher.

Abstract: A method for making candles from solid wax including the steps of: sizing, compressing, drilling, and inserting of a wick. Further steps which may be included are coloring and/or adding other candle specializing ingredients such as deodorizing, scenting, insect repellants, and the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing synthetic resin sheets having geometric decorative patterns extending through the thickness of the sheet as a substantially identical pattern image corresponding to the image portions of the exposed surfaces thereof, wherein differently colored resin particles are selectively introduced into individual pattern spaces which are confined by enclosing members on a support to provide a regular pattern of differently colored resin particle masses over the surface of the support in a regular pattern, the differently colored resin particle masses are then converted into a pre-formed sheet on the support, the regular color pattern still being retained, and the resulting assembly then being heated at a temperature sufficient to cause fusion or sintering together of the masses of differently colored resin particles comprising the sheet, wherein the original differently colored resin particle masses exist as a repeating pattern of differently colored areas which extend through the th

Abstract: High strength fibers and films are prepared from melt extrudable (co)polyazomethines.

Abstract: Improvement in a two-stage heat-setting process for asymmetrically, biaxially oriented polyester film wherein the film from the second heat-setting stage is heat set a third time and quenched. The starting film can be oriented by a transverse direction-machine direction sequence of drawing or a machine direction-transverse direction-machine direction sequence. The film can be machine direction drawn again after the second heat-set stage and relaxed an equal amount after the third heat-set stage. The film has improved dimensional stability in the transverse direction without a substantial loss in tensile strength at 5% elongation in the machine direction.

Abstract: Heat-resistant aromatic polyester filaments having heretofore unknown physical properties and a combination of excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength, which (1) is composed of an aromatic polyester in which at least 90 mole % of the structural units are ethylene-2,6-naphthalate units, (2) has a melting point at a constant length (Tm;.degree.C.) of at least 287.degree. C., (3) has a density (d)(g/cm.sup.3) of at least 1.370, (4) is insoluble in a phenol/orthodichlorobenzene mixed solvent (mixing ratio = 6/4 on the weight basis) at 160.degree. C. and (5) meets the requirements expressed by the following formulaeL(Tm - 280) = 400 (I).DELTA. n(d - 1.350) = 70 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.3 (II)L = .lambda.K/(B-b)cos .theta. (III)and the process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Hollow articles such as bottles and containers are formed from tubular, elongated injection molded preforms made of thermoplastic material and having a finished neck portion adjacent an open end and a closed end body portion which method comprises annealing said preform by heating the portion of the preform body adjacent the neck to a temperature just below or about the Tg (glass transition temperature) for such material while maintaining the remainder of the preform body at a significantly lower temperature, for a sufficient time to essentially relieve the internal stresses in said body portion adjacent the neck, such annealing step being applied prior to the thermoforming of said preform into the hollow article.

Abstract: Dimensionally stable fibers are produced from copolymers prepared from substantially equimolar amounts of hexamethylene diamine and a 50:50 to 80:20 mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids by heating essentially amorphous fibers melt spun from the copolymers to a temperature between about 160.degree. C. and 300.degree. C. for a short period of time. The dimensionally stable fibers combine many of the best properties of nylon 66 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) and are particularly useful in tire and textile applications.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of wires and profiles, wherein thermoplastics are first mixed, in the melt, with from 5 to 40 per cent by weight (based on the mixture) of aluminum needles of length from 0.3 to 6 mm, of average diameter from 0.02 to 0.1 mm and of length to average diameter ratio of from 3 to 100, the mixture is extruded to give a wire or profile in which the aluminum needles are substantially oriented axially, and this wire or profile is finally hardened by cold-working.

Abstract: High nitrile polymer articles having improved impact strength and dimensional stability are prepared by stretching in more than one direction a solvent-free, thermoformed polymer article having less than 0.5 percent water and then heat setting the oriented article while in a restrained position at orientation temperatures for about 5 seconds to 2.5 minutes.

Abstract: Process for continuous bonding of a fibrous non-woven web of polyethylene terephthalate matrix and copolyester binder filaments which comprises depositing the matrix and binder filaments as a nonwoven web on a moving belt, steam treating the nonwoven web under restraint thereby consolidating the web, removing the restraint, transferring the consolidated web from the moving belt to a bonder, and finally bonding the web with a flow of hot air through the web.

Abstract: Described herein are articles which are heat recoverable in involute fashion to an overlapping, generally cylindrical configuration and which are useful as wrap-around sleeves for wires, cables, cable splices and the like. Also described are articles initially heat recoverable to an elongate S-shaped configuration, which latter can be wrapped about an elongate substrate, the edge portions thereof interlocked, and heat recovered to form a protective closure. The articles of the invention comprise a molecularly oriented unitary polymeric layer which has been differentially annealed while restrained against dimensional change and cross-linked to provide an anisotropic gradient from a first to a second primary face of the layer through the thickness thereof. Subsequently, when the article is heated to recovery temperature, regions of high anisotropy adjacent one primary face of the layer shrink.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing printed circuit board substrate or laminate through application of a number of laminate conditioning and baking cycles which function to provide the laminates with dimensional stability. This enables greater control and more precise drilling of the laminates in subsequent fabrication and assembly operations. The dimensional stability for a substrate becomes more critical as the substrate size is increased.

Abstract: A process for the production of a polyethylene terephthalate film characterized by carrying out heat setting after biaxial elongation so that the heat set temperature and heat set time may satisfy the following relations:______________________________________ heat set temperature 140-213.degree.C. log t .gtoreq. -0.14T + 10.99 heat set temperature 213-223.degree.C. log t .gtoreq. -0.14T + 30.8 heat set temperature 223-255.degree.C. log t .gtoreq. -0.0186T + 3.73 ______________________________________in which T is a heat set temperature (.degree.C.) and t is a heat set time (min.), and thus obtaining a cleavage-free film.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process of reducing the creep characteristics of plastic containers, principally bottles, jugs or the like, by providing a cartridge having upper and lower ends and a plurality of vertically extending transversely inter-connected chambers also having upper and lower ends, blow molding a plurality of containers, stacking the blow molded containers vertically upwardly through the lower ends of the chambers toward the upper ends thereof atop and in contact with each other in an upright position in each chamber, transferring the cartridge into a heat treatment bay, circulating hot air in contact with the plastic containers in a direction upwardly from and through the lower ends through the upper ends in an open condition and through and between the chambers for a predetermined period of time and at a predetermined temperature sufficient to reduce the creep characteristics of the plastic containers, and removing the cartridge from the heat treatment bay.

Abstract: A process for strengthening carbide fibers by removing internal stresses caused by their formation. This process is accomplished by drawing the carbide fiber under tension through a furnace. The temperature of the furnace may range from about 2050.degree. to 2300.degree.C while the fiber tensile stress may vary from about 200 to 3500 p.s.i. when using boron carbide fibers with diameters ranging from about 8 to 14 microns.

Abstract: The discoloration of molded articles made from poly(arylene sulfide) resins is minimized or prevented by treating the molded article with water at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuous production of molded sheets of a foamed thermoplastic synthetic resin, wherein a synthetic resin is fed into a screw extruder and a low boiling point liquid expanding agent is introduced under high pressure into the extruder and admixed with the resin in the extruder and thereafter the resulting admixture is extruded in the form of a plurality of foam filaments to insure proper distribution of the admixture to the nozzles of the extruder. A gear pump is provided for each nozzle. Also, to avoid collapsing of the foam means are provided for tempering the foam filaments by the application of heat.