Abstract: A composition of material for use as a friction material in a brake and its method of manufacture. Liquid double salts of dibasic and monobasic (ammonium-potassium hydrogen) phosphoric acid (DSP) is added to a dry mixture of reinforcing fiber, friction modifiers, fillers and phenolic resin to create a high viscosity slurry. Thereafter, a metallic (magnesium) oxide and para formaldehyde (para) are added to the slurry. Molds which have been previously heated are filled with the slurry and any excess removed. The metallic oxide reacts with the DSP and the para reacts with the phenolic resin to create a two binder matrix for holding the reinforcing fiber, friction material and fillers in a fixed relationship corresponding to the shape of a brake pad. The brake pads are removed from the molds and transported to a ventilated chamber where the internal curing proceeds at or near ambient temperature to complete the manufacture of the brake pad.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the vulcanization of the insulation of an electric cable in which the cable core with the insulation thereon are passed through a tube filled with a liquid having a specific weight substantially equal to the specific weight of the insulation. The section of the tube nearer the entrance end is supplied with degassed liquid at vulcanizing temperature and the following section is supplied with degassed liquid at a temperature for cooling the insulation, and because the liquid has different viscosities at the two temperatures, a liquid interface is produced between the two portions which interface is maintained during the vulcanizing of the insulation. During the vulcanizing of the insulation, a portion of the liquid in at least one section is removed and treated to remove vulcanization products.

Abstract: An electron beam curable magnet wire enamel comprises the reaction product of a polyester prepolymer having terminal functional groups reactive with an isocyanate, and a urethane-acrylate prepolymer formed by reacting a diisocyanate and a hydroxyalkylacrylate. The resulting polymer is extrudable at 100% solids onto a magnet wire substrate and electron beam curable.

Abstract: A process for producing a clutch facing which comprises the steps of: impregnating inorganic fibers with a thermosetting resin; causing rubber composition sheets to adhere to the resin-impregnated inorganic fibers, said sheets having been obtained by causing organic fibers to add to a rubber composition as a processing aid and forming the resulting material into sheets; forming a preform therefrom; and molding the preform under heat and pressure.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cross-linked extruded elongated product from polyethylene or other suitable polymer. The polymer is fed into the hopper of a screw extrusion machine. The polymer is heated and melted while being conveyed through the barrel of the screw extruder. A liquid silane compound which comprises a modified vinyl functional silane, a free-radical generator, and a condensation catalyst is carefully metered and injected into the melted polymer. The melted polymer and the liquid silane compound are then mixed and blended to obtain a uniform blended mixture thereof. The blended mixture is then extruded through an extrusion die to form an elongated product of a required final shape and the elongated product is then subjected to the action of moisture and heat until the polymer in the elongated product is cross-linked.

Abstract: An aromatic condensation polyimide film that is approximately 90% transparent at 500 nm, useful for thermal protective coatings and the like, and the processes for preparing same by thermal and chemical conversion are disclosed. An essential feature of the invention for achieving maximum optical transparency films requires utilizing recrystallized and/or sublimated specific aromatic diamines and dianhydride monomers and introducing phenoxy or thiophenyl separator groups and isomeric m,m'- or o,p'-oriented diamines into the polymer molecular structure. The incorporation of these groups in the polymer structure serves to separate the chromaphoric centers and reduce the formation of inter-chain and intra-chain charge transfer complexes which normally cause absorptions in the UV-visible range.

Abstract: Apparatus for treatment of elastomers and polymers has an inner tube of rectangular section in an outer tubular shell. A treatment medium, for example, a liquid mixture of eutectic salts, is circulated by a pump from a reservoir to a manifold and then to the tube to fill the tube apart from its ends. The medium issues from the ends of the tube into the shell from which it drains to the reservoir. Conveyors are arranged to feed an elongate article through the tube. A hot, gaseous wipe is provided by a device. The interior of the shell is filled with gas under pressure through an inlet. A pressurized water cooling system is included.

Abstract: Crystalline polymers having a relatively high melt index and low structured carbon black together produce positive temperature coefficient material which can attain suitable volume resistivity with a greatly reduced annealing time. Temperature self-regulating resistive heating elements may be made with the material in a continuous process where annealing is conducted in a heated zone while the extruded element is in motion or during a short interval when its motion is interrupted.

Abstract: A handgrip, such as a golf club grip, having improved non-slip features is shown which is formed from a silicone rubber composition. The silicone rubber composition comprises an organopolysiloxane gum, a silica filler material, as organosilicone processing aid, a texturizing material, and a quantity of hollow spheres. The texturizing material and spheres are first blended into the composition while heating the composition. The rubber composition is then placed in a suitable mold and cured with a peroxide catalyst to form the handgrip. The external surface of the cured handgrip is buffed to fracture the hollow spheres nearest the surface and improve the non-slip character of the handgrip.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are method and apparatus for vulcanizing rubber. One example of an environment wherein the teachings of the present invention is quite useful is the environment of the creation of endless rubber belts by vulcanizing the ends of the belt together so as to make the belt endless. The apparatus disclosed herein basically consists of a pair of opposed thin sacks made of a flexible material which may, at the desired thickness thereof, comprise for example stainless steel. The ends of the belt are placed between these sacks and the sacks are supplied with steam at controlled temperature and pressure so as to provide the proper pressure as well as temperature for the vulcanizing process simultaneously.

Abstract: An elastomeric spring is formed by extruding a rubbery material into a reinforcing sleeve in a mold during relative motion between the mold and nozzle, and thereafter vulcanizing.

Abstract: A method for making curved hose using a curved mandrel by applying a melted material to an inside surface of an uncured hose and solidifying the material. The material is remeltable and forms a lubricant when the hose is pushed onto and removed from a hot curved mandrel.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the manufacture of products from silicone rubber stock which includes forming a mixture of silicone rubber components, such as silicone monomers, oligomers, or polymers, microcapsules containing a cross-linking agent for silicone rubber components and, optionally, one or more additives. The cross-linking agent is maintained in microcapsules isolated from the silicone rubber components until a predetermined temperature and pressure are reached. The mixture is flowed into a mold cavity under heat and pressure prior to any significant cross-linking agent-induced cross-linking during a first portion of the molding cycle. During a second portion of the molding cycle, the cross-linking agent is released to effect substantially all cross-linking agent-induced cross-linking. The cured mixture is removed from the mold cavity to provide a silicone rubber product.

Abstract: A hardenable epoxy resin comprising a curable epoxy resin, a hardener for the epoxy resin and a polymer of epihalohydrin which composition is characterized in that the amount of the polymer of epihalohydrin in the composition is from 1 to 6 parts per one hundred parts by weight of the epoxy resin and in that the composition also comprises from 2 to 25 parts by weight per hundred parts by weight of the epoxy resin, of a polycarbonate having the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are phenyl or cyclohexyl groups, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are hydrogen, methyl or cyclohexyl groups and n is from 60 to 400 and represents the average number of monomer units in the polymer chain.

Abstract: In a method of producing an extruded, cross-linked cable coating of filled polyethylene wherein the extruder is charged with commingled polyethylene pellets and filler-EPR masterbatch pellets containing a peroxide cross-linking agent, the peroxide is incorporated in the masterbatch pellets by application to and absorption in the pellets during advance of the pellets to the extruder, while the pellets are continuously maintained at an elevated temperature for preventing bleed-out of absorbed peroxide.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of a cured silicone rubber body by curing at room temperature and yet free from the problems of the low shape-retainability before curing of the conventional room temperature-vulcanizable silicone rubber compositions and the relatively poor mechanical strengths of the cured bodies thereof due to the use of relatively low molecular weight components therein. The method comprises shaping an organopolysiloxane composition comprising an organopolysiloxane of a sufficiently high molecular weight having at least two aliphatically unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, e.g. vinyl groups, per molecule and a platinum catalyst into a desired form and contacting the shaped form with an organohydrogenpolysiloxane in a liquid form so that the latter siloxane diffuses through the shaped body and pertains to the crosslinking reaction with the unsaturated groups in the former siloxane as catalyzed by the platinum catalyst to give a cured silicone rubber body.

Abstract: A method of polymerizing a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin charged with silver particles in which shaped bodies of the resin are brought cold into contact with vapor of an organic liquid boiling at a temperature of above 100.degree. C. so that a condensate from this liquid forms on the bodies in temperature equilibrium so that the heat of vaporization is transferred upon such condensation rapidly to the bodies and the latter are polymerized rapidly under the constant temperature and pressure conditions.

Abstract: The vulcanizing of elastomeric articles by captively securing the article to be cured under pressure by a mold that is transparent to microwave energy. The mold in the preferred embodiment is a pair of conveying runs which define cooperatively a mold cavity therebetween. The microwave transmitting devices are located along the path of movement of such conveying runs.

Abstract: A method for the production of a hose of a shape-cured elastomeric material, such as vulcanized rubber, especially an automotive radiator coolant hose, which method comprises the bringing of the hose onto a flexible straight mandrel, sliding the flexible mandrel onto an inner mandrel portion having the finally desired configuration of the hose, curing the hose in this configuration, sliding the flexible mandrel together with the hose off said inner mandrel portion and bringing the flexible mandrel onto a straight auxiliary mandrel and sliding the hose off the mandrel.

Abstract: An annular spacer to be used, during the vulcanization in a metal mold of an unvulcanized rubber hose having a mandrel pierced therethrough, as fitted around the mandrel in intimate contact with either of the opposite ends of the aforementioned unvulcanized rubber hose. This annular spacer has an outside diameter greater than the inside diameter of the depression in the aforementioned metal mold and an inside diameter enough for the spacer to be inserted around the aforementioned mandrel, contains in the periphery thereof a plurality of grooves formed in the axial direction of the spacer, and is made of a material softer than the materials of the aforementioned metal mold and mandrel. By the use of such spacers of this invention having the aforementioned characteristics, therefore, rubber hoses of a fixed outside diameter can be manufactured in any desired length in one and the same metal mold.

Abstract: In curing an extruded insulation layer of an electric cable by passing the cable through a catenary curing tube, a cable restraining device 8 is disposed at or just prior to the exit end of the catenary tube 11 and serves to apply to the cable 10 a restraint to oppose forces (developed by the hydrostatic pressure of the curing fluid) which tend to extrude the cable through the exit end of the curing tube. In the example shown, the device 8 comprises a set of resiliently flexible cones 9 and a clamping arrangement 12, 13 which is adjustable to adjust the degree of restraints.

Abstract: A process for making radiation cured silicone rubber articles is disclosed wherein a hydroxyl-terminated polysilaxane having a molecular weight from about 50,000 to about 2,000,000, optionally modified by mixing with up to 85% of an end-stopped silicone rubber, is mixed with from about 10 to about 70 parts per hundred of rubber of a finely divided silica filler with a particle size in the reinforcing range and other inert fillers as determined by desired final properties; the composition so prepared is formed into the desired shape at room temperature; the article so formed is precured to improve the mechanical properties of the material with which it is made by exposure to ammonia gas, ammonium hydroxide, or to the vapors or solutions of a volatile amine at room temperature; and the precured article is irradiated with high energy electrons or gamma radiation to effect a permanent cure of the material from which the article is formed.

Abstract: A simple economical multistage vulcanization process is disclosed for producing premium anomaly-free tires wherein the inner liner or curing bladder is supplied with dead end water and steam sequentially in several stages at high pressures which assure thorough diffusion of entrapped air. The internal steam pressure is 250 to 300 psig in stage I to effect rapid heat transfer, the internal water pressure in stage II is from 300 to 450 psig, and the internal steam pressure is 250 psig or higher in the first part of stage III. The overall cycle time for curing radial passenger car tires in "Bag-O-Matic" presses is reduced one minute or more by using internal steam pressures from 250 to 300 psig in stage I and III and reducing the steam pressure near the end of stage III to boil off the residual water.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for manufacturing large-diameter, large-length hoses. The process is characterized by applying the elements required for building the hoses onto a flexible foundation lead through an advancing or through an advancing and rotating movement of same while conveying the hose along a curved course, the track of the course having the shape of a preferably closed curve, and by vulcanizing the built up hose preferably by applying electric energy.

Abstract: Process for producing polyurethane-foam moldings and apparatus for the same; the polyurethane-foam moldings are produced through the steps of pre-treating molds and injecting a foamable polyurethane resin reaction mixture into the molds; carrying the molds with the foamable polyurethane resin reaction mixture injected therein to a reservoir tank containing a heated liquid such as hot water or oil and dipping them into the liquid; and carrying the dipped molds out of the reservoir tank and opening them to take out the moldings thus produced.

Abstract: Elastomeric hoses are vulcanized by a process wherein the outer surface layer (sheath) is completely vulcanized while the remainder remains unvulcanized. The surface layer and part of the resistant structure are maintained in an elastic elongated state while vulcanizing the remainder of the hose. An apparatus for vulcanizing the hose in accordance with the process is disclosed.

Abstract: A molding process for molding an elongated elastomeric member (60) with wire mesh sleeves (16) bonded to the ends (14). A molding preform (10) of elastomeric material is positioned within a seamless mold cylinder (26), and the open ends of the wire mesh sleeves (16) are mounted to end plug assemblies (30) slidably received into the mold cylinder (26) and positioned against the ends (14) of the preform (10). A specialized profile is formed into surfaces (44) of the respective end plug assemblies (30) and by heating of the mold (26), the ends (14) of the elastomeric preform (10) are molded to the profile, as well as bonded to the reinforcing wire mesh sleeves (16). Vacuum is applied to the interior of the mold to draw outgassing vapors through relief spaces therethrough. The completed elastomeric member (60) is removed from the mold cylinder (26) by stretching, the consequent reduction in diameter enabling ready separation from the mold cylinder (26) and removal thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the heat treatment of a product such as in the curing of rubber-like materials and the thermoforming of plastics materials. A metallic heat transfer member is provided for contacting the product to transmit heat thereto. In order to obtain a uniform temperature distribution over the heat transfer member/product interface, one or more gas distribution passageways receive hot gas from a hot gas source such as a gas burner and lead the hot gas to the heat transfer member. One or more heat transfer passageways contiguous with the heat transfer member communicate with the gas distribution passageway so as to receive hot gas from the latter passageway and lead same to an exhaust outlet.

Abstract: A process of extrusion molding plasticized vulcanizable or cross-linkable rubber or synthetic resin materials, comprising the steps of heating said materials to an elevated temperature in a short time immediately before a molding die and vulcanizing or cross-linking the materials in the manner of maintaining said elevated temperature substantially while the materials are passing through the die or for a while after they have passed through the die, thereby obtaining mold goods.

Abstract: The texture, structure and/or color of an exposed surface of a high-polymer material is influenced by subjecting localized areas of this exposed surface to the influence of a high-energy electron beam, and by treating the exposed surface before and/or during and/or after such exposure to the electron beam with a monomeric vinyl substance which grafts onto the locally irradiated areas so as to cause the latter to shrink relative to the remainder of the material.

Abstract: Tooth positioner comprising several integral tooth engaging portions formed of materials having different hardness, the harder portions of which assist in anchoring the tooth positioner in its proper position in the patient's mouth.Further, a method of making such tooth positioners by enclosing dental counterpart of the mold to form a first portion of the positioner, placing at least one other material into the mold in interfacing relation to the first portion to form a second portion of the tooth positioner, and curing the several materials into an integral body before extracting the positioner from the mold.

Abstract: Disclosed are polymer blends of bis(allyl carbonate) polymers with polymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers, and the precursor blends of bis(allyl carbonate) monomers with polymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers, and fabricable resins prepared therefrom. Also disclosed is a method of fabricating, e.g., molding, injection molding, extruding, and the like, the fabricable resins. The bis(allyl carbonate) polymer blend is taken to a fabricable state, i.e., a fusible pseudoplastic that does not lose liquid on fabrication, either by admixture or admixture and reaction. The fabricable resin is then fabricated, e.g., extruded, molded, or the like, and then polymerized to a hard polymer. Also disclosed are blends of bis(allyl carbonates), monomeric and polymeric, with polymers having olefinic unsaturation.

Abstract: Organic peroxide curable polydiorganosiloxane compositions having improved release from metal molds upon curing are disclosed. In addition to the conventional high molecular weight polydiorganosiloxane gum, reinforcing filler, structure control additives, and curing agent, the improved compositions of this invention contain from 0.05 to 3 parts by weight of a polydiorganosiloxane fluid having methyl groups and carboxyfunctional groups as substituents.

Abstract: Shaped articles composed of polymers formed from residues which are not melt processable characterized in that the shaped article has been formed from a readily processable melt of a copolymer containing said residues together with in-chain temperature labile residues and has been subsequently heated to remove the labile constituents with recombination of the resultant polymeric residues. Preferably the processable melt should be in the form of an anisotropic melt so that the shaped article may be in oriented form prior to removal of the residues. Typically the shaped articles are articles of thin section composed of p-hydroxybenzoic acid residues.

Abstract: A process for preparing a solid object which comprises molding a composition obtained from the reaction of polysiloxanes having at least 3 silicon atoms per molecule and containing SiOC-bonded organic radicals and optionally, SiC-bonded organic radicals, with boric acid anhydride, and thereafter exposing the molded object to moisture.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously vulcanizing a covered material on a conductor comprises a feed device for feeding the conductor in one direction at a constant speed and an extruder for applying the covered material to the conductor fed from the feed means. A vulcanizing tube extends from the extruder, the cable passing through the vulcanizing tube. The vulcanizing tube has a curing section extending from its inlet to a location intermediate its inlet and outlet. A take-off device is disposed forwardly of the vulcanizing tube for hauling the cable. A load applying device is disposed between the extruder and the take-off device for applying a load to the traveling cable at a location forwardly of the curing section of the vulcanizing tube, so that a tension exerted on the cable in a direction opposite to the direction of travel of the cable is applied to the traveling cable.

Abstract: An acrylic laminated diffuser panel having a high light-diffusing property is provided, which comprises a laminate of an acrylic resin film having a high light-diffusing property and an acrylic resin plate, wherein the acrylic resin film is integrated with the acrylic resin plate. The acrylic laminated diffuser panel is prepared by laminating the acrylic resin film on the molding surface of at least one of a pair of casting mold parts, casting an acrylic monomer or its partially polymerized product into a space between said pair of casting mold parts, and then, polymerizing the acrylic monomer or the partially polymerized product.

Abstract: Process for continuously curing an elastomeric jacket on a cable, comprising continuously passing a cable having an uncured elastomeric jacket thereon, encased within an outer temporary mold of heat conductive metallic material, e.g. metallic lead, of sufficient encasing layer thickness for protectively confining and supporting therewithin the elastomeric jacket and cable thereat, through a vulcanizing zone maintained at substantially atmospheric pressure and provided with a heat transfer bath, e.g. a fusible mixture including sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate and potassium nitrite, while applying the bath to the cable at a selective bath temperature, e.g. about 400.degree.-500.degree. F., sufficient for vulcanizing the mold encased elastomeric jacket in situ during passage of the cable through the zone whereby to vulcanize the jacket in situ substantially free from stress, damage or disturbance, and with subsequent cooling thereof prior to removal of the mold therefrom.

Abstract: Composite moulded rubber or plastic articles, each comprising two distinct parts separately formed by injection moulding of different materials and subsequently joined together by vulcanizing or the like, are produced in a dual purpose apparatus that simultaneously moulds two separate parts and bonds together two previously moulded parts.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a contoured disk wheel by placing a maturated fiber-reinforced resin cylinder between male mold members and encircling mold members, closing the mold members about the cylinder causing it to flow axially and radially, and curing it.

Abstract: Discloses a monomeric composition and the polymeric product thereof. The composition contains a major portion of diol bis(allyl carbonate) monomer, and effective amounts of a multifunctional acrylate monomer, and a viscosity increasing polymer. Also disclosed is a method of reducing the haze in polymeric compositions of (a) a diol bis(allyl carbonate) and (b) a viscosity increasing polymer, by the addition of a multifunctional arcylate monomer to the monomeric composition prior to the polymerization thereof.

Abstract: A prefabricated control element for high voltage apparatus, which can be slipped onto a bare or an insulated conductor, especially for fittings for high voltage cables, in the form of an electrical insulator, in which conductive layers which follow each other in the axial direction of the conductor are embedded, engaging each other, having the form of funnels and likewise consisting of elastic conductive material and having a wall thickness of 0.005 to 0.5 mm.In the manufacture of the control element, individual parts of the insulator are joined together with a material bond by means of the conductive layers which are made of a dispersion of carbon black enriched polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing reciprocal adhesion at the interface between two contacting layers of condensation crosslinking and addition crosslinking polysiloxanes, aluminum hydroxide being added to one or both polysiloxane layers prior to crosslinking, so that a firmly adhering joint is obtained.

Abstract: A thermal insulating body or shape is made up of highly dispersed insulating material together with mineral fiber wool and of opacifier together with a binder for curing. The binder, which is evenly distributed in a first-stage mix with a dispersant, is present in a finely dispersed condition in the insulating material, the corners and edges of the insulating material being able to undergo cross-linking with the binder by heat processing.

Abstract: A soft permeable material, such as a foamed plastics material or a fibrous material is shaped, and optionally provided with one or more facing layers, by applying to the faces thereof a polyurethane based prepolymer composition under such conditions that a non-tacky coating having latent adhesive properties is formed. The coated material may be stored for a period of several months and subsequently shaped by the application of heat and pressure sufficient to cure the pre-polymer. Facing layers can be bonded thereto simultaneously without the application of additional adhesive substance. The latent adhesive substance may be applied to the permeable material in solution or in the form of a dry film. In the latter case the film may be applied initially to a facing layer. The latent adhesive substance may be used to form reclaimed waste material into a coherent mass which can subsequently be shaped and faced without the application of further adhesive substance.

Abstract: Shaped articles of amino-formaldehyde resins having reduced released formaldehyde emission are made using a curing catalyst mixture of a volatile acid (or salt thereof) and a small amount of a non-volatile acid (or salt thereof).

Abstract: A process for making an elastomeric compound that has chopped fibers dispersed throughout the compound with orientation of the chopped fibers to increase the modulus and strength of the compound by milling the fiber loaded compound to break up the fibers and thereafter mold and then vulcanize the resulting product.

Abstract: Silicone putty-like substance is made by mixing dimethyl silicone gum with a boron compound (e.g., boric acid) and a reinforcing filler, and making sheet stocks of the mixture. The sheet stocks are placed on perforated trays in a heating oven and heated at a temperature of about 350.degree. F. to about 500.degree. F. for several hours. The volatiles produced during heating (cooking) of the sheets stocks are removed from the oven by passing air through the perforated trays in order to obtain high bouncing putty which minimal amount of inferior product.

Abstract: An unvulcanized rubber composition, whose rubber component consists of polybutadiene rubber as an essential component and at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber and a rubber of natural rubber and/or polyisoprene rubber, has a high adhesion to a vulcanized rubber composition, whose rubber component consists mainly of at least one rubber selected from natural rubber, polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber, and can be easily adhered to the vulcanized rubber composition through vulcanization without carrying out particular surface treatment of the vulcanized rubber composition.

Abstract: Apparatus located at the output end of a screw extruder comprising a mandrel to rotate with said screw and a jacket coaxial with the mandrel and rotatable in an opposite direction of rotation to the mandrel at a speed which is steplessly adjustable. Sealing lips co-operating with abrasion rings are preferably provided on relatively moving surfaces of the jacket and stationary housings and temperature adjustment means can be provided in the jacket and the mandrel.