Abstract: A process for producing a cross-linked laminated film by:(a) forming a laminate by disposing at least one polyolefin resin layer (II) on one side of an oxygen barrier core layer (I); and then disposing an adhesive shrinkable resin layer (III) and sealing resin layer (IV) in this order on the other side of said core layer (I),(b) irradiating an electron beam to laminate from the surface side of the layer (II) so as to cause the layer (II) to have a gel fraction x at the outside portion of 25-70% by weight, a gel fraction y at the inner portion contacting the side of the layer (I) of 40% by weight or less, and a gradient of gel fraction represented by y/x of 0.6 or less, without cross-linking the layer (IV), and(c) stretching the thus cross-linked laminate.

Abstract: In a method of applying a jacket to a metal shield of a cable, the jacket comprises a polyolefin having a modifier provided by a carboxylic acid or its anhydride. As the jacket extrudate passes onto the shield, air pressure is lowered at the surface of the shield to provide intimate overall contact between jacket and shield. Heating, additional to that provided by the extrudate, is employed to raise the outside bonding temperature of the shield up to at least the bonding temperature of the modifier so as to provide a bond between the jacket and the shield.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a heat shrinkable biaxially oriented thermoplastic film by extruding a primary tube including very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), heating the primary tube and biaxially stretching the heated primary tube using a double bubble method to form a tube which is heat shrinkable from about 30% to about 50% in at least one of the transverse and machine directions.

Abstract: This invention relates to films made from vinylidene chloride copolymers. Specifically, this invention relates to a method and compositions for lowering the oxygen permeability and enhancing the thermal stability and enhancing the melt shear stability of monolayer and multilayer packaging films having a layer of vinylidene chloride copolymer film by adding an organic silicon polymer to the vinylidene chloride copolymer. The conventional stabilizer/plasticizer combination of epoxy resin and 2-ethyl-hexyl diphenyl phosphate may be eliminated from the vinylidene chloride copolymer.

Abstract: A multilayer hot blown film useful in chub packaging comprises a first outer layer of a heat-sealable polymeric material; a first interior layer of a high molecular weight polymeric material; a second interior layer of a polyamide; and a second outer layer of a self-weldable polymeric material.

Abstract: Method in extruding a double-walled plastic tube by using plastic materials of different colors for the inner layer and the outer layer, a portion of the material for the inner layer being diverted to form a longitudinal strip of the outer layer on the outside surface of the tube. The invention also relates to an extrusion tool for working the method, wherein an element (21) is provided inside the tool to divert material from a passage (19) for material for the inner layer to a passage (16) for material for the outer layer.

Abstract: An air cleaner has a filter, an annular filter holder formed on the peripheral edge of the filter, a flange portion of U-like cross-section to which the outer circumference of the filter holder is embedded, and a case provided with an air inlet port and an air outlet port. This case is molded in blow molding using a filter member constituted integrally by the filter and the filter holder as an insert. In this air cleaner, the constitution parts, become as little as possible.

Abstract: A method for producing thermoplastic tubular containers having a tubular wall section, open neck, and integral sealed bottom where a thermoplastic disc, is sealed to the inner wall of the tubular wall section, and the disc, while in a moldable state, is formed into a bottom wall by application of either a vacuum to the exterior surface of the disc or a fluid pressure to the interior of the tubular wall section, or both, to mold the disc in a mold cavity to a desired shape. A supporting sleeve surrounds the tubular wall section during application of the fluid pressure. Thermoplastic containers can be formed from a single thermoplastic material or from laminates, such as a laminate material containing an oxygen impermeable layer.

Abstract: HB polymers, such as copolymers of hydroxy butyric acid and hydroxy valeric acid, are provided as melt extruded films having a thickness of 5 to 200 .mu.m. Sheet materials may consist of such a film or the film may be laminated with other films to increase strength or impermeability. The films are best made by co-extrusion with a thermoplastic that is substantially non-tacky upon solidification. The sheet materials are of particular value as diaper backsheets and ostomy bags. They may include a layer of non-woven material.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing thermoplastic polymer films by coextrusion comprising coextruding by blow extrusion at least two thermoplastic polymers, one of the polymers being a semi-crystalline fluid polymer, the other a thermoplastic polymer incompatible with and with no adhesive affinity for the semi-crystalline fluid polymer and possessing sufficient extrudate strength to support the semi-crystalline polymer, cooling the coextrudate, separation of the resulting films, and recovering at least the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer film thus formed in the form of a film of substantially uniform thickness.

Abstract: A heat-shrinkable, multilayer film suitable for use in fabricating bags for packaging primal and sub-primal meat cuts and processed meats. The multilayer film has a first outer layer of a first ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a core layer of a barrier film including a polyvinylidene chloride vinylchloride copolymer containing between about 70 weight percent and about 90 weight percent vinylidene chloride, and a second outer layer of a second ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The multilayer film is preferably made by co-extrusion of the layers, and then it is biaxially stretched. After biaxial stretching, the multilayer film is irradiated to a dosage level of between 2 megarads and 3 megarads and heat-sealed in the form of a bag. The bag has improved toughness properties and heat-sealing characteristics and is not significantly discolored by the irradiation.

Abstract: An optical fiber (21) which has been drawn from a preform (22) is moved into and through a chamber (38) of a housing. A source of vacuum is connected to the chamber to prevent the attachment of air pockets to the optical fiber as it is being moved through the chamber and through an opening of a die. The die includes a flow path (55) which is substantially normal to the path of travel of the optical fiber and the die opening is substantially larger than the diameter of the optical fiber. The thickness of the flow path in a direction along the path of travel is sufficiently small so as to prevent the recirculation of the coating material in the vicinity of the point of application to the optical fiber. Also, the fiber draw rate, the pressure of the coating material the direction of the flow path relative to the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber and the diameter of the die opening are such that a gap forms between the coating material and the die.

Abstract: Molecularly oriented films are produced which comprise a layer containing a blend of EVOH and nylon. The films exhibit a desirable balance of oxygen barrier and strength properties, and are ideally suited for many packaging applications.

Abstract: HB polymers, such as copolymers of hydroxy butyric acid and hydroxy valeric acid, are provided as melt extruded films having a thickness of 5 to 200 .mu.m. Sheet materials may consist of such a film or the film may be laminated with other films to increase strength or impermeability. The films are best made by co-extrusion with a thermoplastic that is substantially non-tacky upon solidification. The sheet materials are of particular value as diaper backsheets and ostomy bags. They may include a layer of non-woven material.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for producing various materials and products of a thermoplastic nature. In the method, thermoplastic material is subjected to a high intensity mixing and melting step to form a material which is a non-flowable and self-sustaining mass, having a temperature low enough to prevent it from being readily flowable, in a subsequent step, the method involves placing the material between a fixed rigid surface and a moving rigid surface to force air from the mass and to densify, compress and convert it to a flowable form whereafter it is passed through a restricted opening. There is provided a combination of a high intensity mixer and melter in which the product produced is then fed into a gear-pump where the material is passed between a fixed rigid surface and a moving surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-layer gas-barrier drawn polyester vessel, which comprises an open end portion, a barrel portion which is molecularly oriented in at least one axial direction and a closed bottom portion, said vessel having inner and outer layers composed of a thermoplastic polyester or copolyester and a gas-barrier intermediate layer composed of an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer having an ethylene content lower than 50 mole %, wherein a copolymer nylon resin or a blend of a plurality of nylon resins is interposed as an adhesive between two adjacent layers.

Abstract: A process for preparing composite films comprising at least one layer of a first plastic polymer and a substrate of a second polymer/first plastic polymer composition by intimately mixing about 15 to about 90 wt. % of first plastic polymer and about 10 to 85 wt. % of the second polymer, extruding the mixture through a film die while cooling at least one surface of the die outlet at least about 10.degree. C. below the melting point of the plastic polymer and cooling the film. In a preferred embodiment the first plastic polymer has a semi-crystalline or crystalline melting point which is at least 10.degree. C. above the softening or melting point of the second polymer.A sandwich type laminate comprising two outer skins of first plastic polymer enclosing a core comprising a blend of first plastic polymer and second polymer can be prepared by cooling both die outlet surfaces. Where a blown film die is utilized the inner and outer die layers must be cooled to accomplish this end.

Abstract: Method in extruding a double-walled plastic tube by using plastic materials of different colors for the inner layer and the outer layer, a portion of the material for the inner layer being diverted to form a longitudinal strip of the outer layer on the outside surface of the tube. The invention also relates to an extrusion tool for working the method, wherein an element (21) is provided inside the tool to divert material from a passage (19) for material for the inner layer to a passage (16) for material for the outer layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for the coextrusion of a laminate containing more than a single barrier layer. Also provided is a coextruded composite useful for forming containers. Additionally, there is provided a unique coextrusion apparatus useful for forming the laminate.

Abstract: Polymer blends comprising a continuous matrix phase of thermoplastic polymer with a discontinuous phase of thermoplastic polymer distributed through it are produced by extruding a blend of immiscible thermoplastic polymers through an annular extrusion die which subjects the polymer blend to transverse shear forces prior to passing through the die lips. The application of the shear forces to the polymer blends produces improved uniformity of distribution of the continuous phase within the matrix, producing better properties in the finished article which may be a blown film or a blow molded product. The continuous matrix phase is suitably a polyolefin such as polyethylene and the discontinuous phase may be selected to provide the desired properties in the extruded article, for example, vapor barrier properties, strength, stiffness, and tear resistance. Typical polymers for the discontinuous phase are polyamides, EVA copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene and various copolymers.

Abstract: A multilayer film useful in the packaging of high acid food products at elevated temperatures comprises a core layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, two intermediate layers each comprising a polyamide; outer blend layers of linear low density polyethylene and anti-blocking agent, and adhesive polymeric materials to adhere the outer blend layers to the respective intermediate polyamide layers.

Abstract: The process for preparing a thermally shrinkable multilayer film composed of a polyamide resin layer as one surface layer and a sealant material layer as the other surface layer includes the step of causing the polyamide resin layer of the oriented laminate film to absorb water in the amount of 7.0% by weight or more before or during the thermal treatment. The laminate film is then dried so as to cause the polyamide resin layer to make the water content in the range form 2.5% by weight to 6.5% by weight while maintaining the oriented laminate film at temperatures of 90.degree. C. or lower after or during the thermal treatment. The thermally shrinkable multilayer film thus prepared is suitable for thermally shrinking packing foods such as roast meat or fresh cut meat.

Abstract: A method for the production of laminates comprises extruding a support of acrylic nitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and a coating of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic glass) through a sheet die. The acrylic glass forming the coating has a melt flow index of at most 2.0 (MFI 230.degree. C./3.8 according to DIN 53735) and the ABS forming the support are conducted directly to the die through different channels.

Abstract: Thin polymer films containing small sized platelet type filler. The polymer has a melt index of from 0.01 to 10 grams per 10 minutes at 190.degree. C. to 250.degree. C.as measured on ASTM Test No. D-1238 at a load of 1000 to 2160 grams. The preferred polymer is polycaprolactam or high density polyethylene. There is from 10 to 50 percent of a platelet filler having an average equivalent diameter of from 1 to 8 micrometers, a maximum equivalent diameter of about 25 micrometers, and an average thickness of less than 0.5 micrometers. The preferred filler is talc. The film is from 10 to 100 micrometers thick and can be a single ply or a laminate.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method and apparatus for manufacturing a single-wall pipe, tube or like conduit (9,44) having smooth inner surfaces and a mechanical-strength enhancing pattern of walls, flanges or ridges on the outer surface thereof, the conduit being made of plastics or like extrudable material.

Abstract: A plastic multilayer multiple-wall panel, manufactured by the coextrusion of a plurality of adhesively bonded layers of thermoplastically extrudable synthetic resins by means of a multicomponent extrusion die, and comprising a supporting core layer of polycarbonate resin with a plurality of continuous hollow chambers, a UV absorption layer, boned on one or both sides of said core layer and made of a synthetic resin containing at least 2 weight percent of a UV absorber that is volatile at elevated temperatures, and a cover layer, on that side of the UV absorption layer which faces away from the core layer, of a synthetic resin which contains less than 2 weight percent of volatile UV absorber.

Abstract: A textile fiber drafting apron and method of manufacture, wherein the apron is free of cord reinforcement and is formed of a single extruded layer of material. The outer fiber working surface has a smoothness comparable to conventional ground surface, and is expressed in terms of average depth of remaining depressions, as measured on a standard measuring device.

Abstract: An improved method for the production of polyolefin film by extruding molten film from an annular die in a tubular form into an extrusion zone is disclosed wherein physical properties are enhanced by controlling polymeric crystalline growth. The method includes providing a liquid quench medium maintained at a constant temperature range in the extrusion zone immediately adjacent the annular die, extruding the molten film directly into the liquid quench medium, and then orienting the quenched film in a tubular bubble whereby the size and amount of crystalline growth is controlled.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a sheet having many hollow bodies from thermoplastic material such as polyethylene, used for cushioning and insulation, is disclosed. Film extruded from a T die, after being cooled, is heated by an induction heating roller with a jacket and inner cooling means.The induction heating roller with a jacket and inner cooling means has, along with the jacket within a rollershell, an induction coil for heating, and a hermetically sealed heat transfer medium between the jacket and the induction coil. The characteristic feature of the present invention is a cooling means provided to cool the heat transfer medium, with advantages of rapid temperature rise and fall, and uniform temperature distribution on the circumference and longitudinal axis of the roller.Using this apparatus, a sheet having many hollow bodies, with high transparency and high product yield without defects such as partial inferior fusing, can be produced.

Abstract: A process for the production of a multi-layer pipe to be used for formation of a bottle by drawblow-forming, comprising forming by co-extrusion a pipe having inner and outer layers of a polyester composed mainly of ethylene terephthalate units and an intermediate layer of an oxygen-barrier resin interposed between the inner and outer layers. An adhesive resin layer is preferable interposed between every two adjacent layers. The co-extruded multi-layer pipe is sized in the molten state so that the diameter of the pipe is uniform. The process continues by cooling the outer portion of the molten multi-layer pipe by contact with water and simultaneously introducing an inert gas or an inert gas containing a water mist into the interior of the pipe to thereby cool the inner portion of the pipe and prevent oxidation in the pipe. A multi-layer pipe prepared according to this process is excellent in the transparency and the draw-formability into a multi-layer drawn bottle.

Abstract: Pipelines for transporting sewage, water, slurries, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, and like materials are interlined with a composite tubular lining having an inner skin layer and a foamed layer contiguous with the inner skin layer. The foamed layer is either contiguous also, along its opposite surface, with the inner wall of the pipe or may be spaced therefrom by an outer skin layer of the composite lining. The lining may be applied either before the pipeline is placed into service or afterward, whether in situ or removed for maintenance or repair. For application in situ the lining is preferably more flexible than will suffice for insertion into new pipes.

Abstract: Apparatus including an extruder, a die member and a vacuum device connected in series. The vacuum device includes a chamber and a device at at least the outlet thereof to air-tightly seal the chamber around the extruded mass of foamed thermoplastic resin. The air-shielding or sealing device is an annular tube which is inflatable radially inwardly having a flexible inner face which seals around the extruded mass. A durable, abrasion-resistant, flexible protective sheet can be interposed between the mass and the tube.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extruding heavy tubular shaped articles from high molecular weight, high density linear ethylene polymers under shearstress conditions such that the exterior surface of the extruded article would undergo melt fracture. Melt fracture is avoided by coextruding a thin layer of a second ethylene polymer in contact with the high molecular weight, high density linear ethylene polymer and the outer lip of the annular die. The second ethylene polymer has melt flow properties such that it does not exhibit melt fracture at the temperature and shear rate employed in extruding the tubular shaped article.

Abstract: In a process of making sheet material comprising a substrate web of synthetic thermoplastic material and an adhesive layer consisting of a non-crosslinkable elastomer the elastomeric material is heated above its devolatilization temperature by a feed screw of a screw extruder and is devolatilized through venting means (vent opening and vacuum pump 21) and is subsequently pressurized by a booster 7 to a pressure which is sufficient to overcome the backpressure applied by the succeeding blow head.

Abstract: A transparent, elastomeric, composite film structure having a core ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer and outer layers of a low density ethylene homopolymer or copolymer with a small amount of another .alpha.-olefin or vinyl acetate is made by coextrusion of the polymers in a three-layer combining adapter and quenching on a chill roll. This film structure is useful as a wrapping material, especially for heat-sensitive articles.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to form a composition comprising from 5 to 50% by weight and preferably from 10 to 30% by weight polycaprolactam and from 50 to 95% by weight and preferably 70 to 90% by weight poly(hexamethylene adipamide). The process comprises heating the composition to from 440.degree. to 505.degree. F. and preferably 450.degree. to 485.degree. F. The preferred forming process is to form the composition into a film.

Abstract: A three layered heat shrinkable, heat sealable thermoplastic packaging film having a desired combination of physical characteristics is disclosed. The film may be utilized to package a wide variety of items. A preferred embodiment of the film comprises a core layer consisting essentially of a linear low density polyethylene and two surface layers comprising a three component blend of (1) a linear low density polyethylene, (2) a linear medium density polyethylene and (3) a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A diverter and coextrusion diverter are described which include means for adjusting the cavity of the diverter so as to control the uniformity of extrudate exiting the diverter.

Abstract: A three layer heat shrinkable film is disclosed, along with preferred process for making it. The film comprises a first heat sealable layer of an ionomer, a second layer of a vinylidene chloride copolymer, and a third layer of a blend of an ionomer and an EVA copolymer. The EVA content is no greater than 20% of the blend by weight, and the vinyl acetate content is at least 4.5% of the blend by weight. In the preferred process, a three layer tape is coextruded and cooled, and reheated to 197.degree.-203.degree. F., and oriented in a conventional double bubble process.

Abstract: A multi-layer laminate structure comprises a separate layer of scrap produced from the several thermoplastic resins used in making the laminate structure. In a preferred construction, the multi-layer laminate structure comprises an outer thermoplastic polyolefin layer, an inner thermoplastic polyolefin layer and an intermediate oxygen barrier layer preferably made of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. An adhesive layer bonds the barrier layer to the inner polyolefin layer and a separate scrap layer is disposed interiorly of the outer polyolefin layer. A second adhesive layer bonds the scrap layer to the intermediate barrier layer. Containers having excellent oxygen barrier properties and good transparency are made by forming a parison from the multilayer laminate structure and blow molding the parison to the desired container shape.

Abstract: A unitary tubular product having an inner layer and an outer layer connected together by a bi-planar mesh formed of helical ribs bonded at their cross-over points is produced in a single coaxial tubular extrusion process, the structure being integrally or confluently extruded. The extruder die head has annular flow channels having closely-spaced die grooves.

Abstract: The invention comprises an oriented multi-layer film having a different orientation distribution between at least two layers and a novel process for forming oriented multi-layer films having a different orientation distribution between the layers. An important feature is the formation of a first tubular layer which is folded and fed into the interior of a second tubular layer of smaller diameter. Upon inflation of the inner tubular layer of larger diameter to its maximum unstretched diameter the smaller diameter outer tubular layer will be stretched and will also be oriented if the stretching occurs while the temperature of the smaller diameter outer tubular layer is maintained within the orientation temperature range of that material.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing carcass bands which are reinforced by cords and are to be employed in fabricating a radial tire.

Abstract: A fluid distribution device particularly useful as a drip irrigation emitter, comprises: a continuous plastic tube for conveying the fluid therethrough; and a plurality of individual plastic sleeves enclosing and fixed to the tube at longitudinally-spaced sections along the length of the tube; each of the sleeves being deformed to define a pressure-dropping fluid passageway between its inner surface and the outer surface of the section of the tube enclosed thereby; each of said tube sections having an inlet opening through the tube wall leading to the interior of the tube, and an outlet leading externally of the plastic sleeve.

Abstract: A sleeve and method of making the same comprising a laminate sheet having a more highly shrinkable foamed film and a lesser shrinkable non-foamed film, the ends of the laminate being bonded together so that the foamed film faces the interior of the sleeve. The foamed film has a thicker surface layer on its side opposite that laminated to the non-foamed layer, which therefore faces the interior of the sleeve.The flow direction shrinkage rate of the laminated sheet, which is 60% or less, is greater than the widthwise shrinkage rate of the laminated film. The widthwise shrinkage rate is 10% or less.

Abstract: A process for producing a laminate by bonding together in a molten state (I) a first outer layer composed of a nitrile barrier resin, (II) a tie layer comprising a mixture of (1) a nitrile barrier resin, and (2) a halogenated polyolefin and (3) a thermoplastic resin other than (1) and (2) and (III) a second outer layer composed of a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: A thin-wall deep drawn container having a molding depth vs. aperture caliber ratio of 2.0 or more, having a mean wall thickness of 0.1-0.6 mm at the sidewall and bottom of the hollow part and having a flange part of 1.4 mm or less in thickness at the aperture end can be produced from a thick sheet of a thermoplastic resin, preferably a crystalline plastic, having a thickness of 2 mm or more by plug-assist pressure forming.

Abstract: A coextrusion die for the extrusion of plastics materials in the shape of a tubular film comprising supply means for separately supplying at least two plastics materials to said die, a distribution channel system connected to each supply means, each distribution channel system comprising at least two arched channels provided in different axial planes, the ends of each arched channel being connected to the middle portion of the following arched channel and the distribution channel systems being located at different distances from the center axis of the die, collecting chambers communicating with said distribution channel systems and an annular extrusion slot communicating with the collecting chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a support for a ceramic porous barrier of the kind used for obtaining a concentration of uranium 235 in uranium hexafluoride by ultrafiltration. The support is formed by superposing a number of layers in the form of pastes, the particle size being homogeneous and constant in each layer and decreasing from the outer towards the inner layers. The pastes are prepared from powdered materials such as metals, oxides, silicates, borides, nitrides and halides to which mineral binders are added. The pastes are simultaneously extruded or co-extruded after which the resulting support is baked.

Abstract: Thermoplastic materials which have hot tack and which are incapable of being independently processed by the blown film process due to the tack they show in hot state and especially in the as extruded state are processed to film and sheet by the blown film process by extruding and inflating in a manner known per se an at least two-ply tubular film or sheet of thermoplastic material, the inner ply being formed by a tack-free thermoplastic material and the outer ply superposed thereon being formed by said hot-tacky thermoplastic material; slitting the double-ply tubing for storage and after flattening at least at one edge, and arranging the film web, preferably with winding-up, together with the web of tack-free material in such a manner that one web having hot tack alternates with one tack-free web. The multi-ply film and sheet materials produced by the process are comprised by the invention. .Iadd.