Abstract: A method for producing high technology ceramics with minimal porosity comsing the steps of filling a can with a constituent powder of a ceramic, creating a vacuum in the can and maintaining the vacuum throughout the entire process; outgassing the powder in the can by placing a furnace around the area of the can that encloses the powder and heating the furnace to at least 100.degree. C.; removing the furnace after a minimum of five minutes of heating; cold rolling the can in a rolling system; igniting the powder so a localized propagation reaction front is created; and hot rolling the can in the rolling system so the propagation reaction front is maintained between the rolls of the rolling system.

Abstract: Apparatus for mounting a tungsten electrode in acute relation to the flame of an oxy-fuel cutting torch and permitting the rotation of the electrode during heating, such that the material is vaporized and removed as the electrode is shaped to a needle-like profile. A bearing containing clamp member secures the torch and electrode holder in proper relation to one another and permits the rotation of the electrode holder therein.

Abstract: A solid stick composition, in a container, is moved through a protective tunnel wherein the stick is cooled to effect solidification, remelted to fill any void in the stick, cooled to solidify, and polished, by heating and cooling, with filtered air flowing through the tunnel to remove heat therefrom.

Abstract: Solid oxide electrolyte structures, e.g., flat plates, suitable for use in an electrochemical energy converter are prepared by a plasma deposition technique. This process is comprised of forming a suspension of the oxide powders, passing the suspension through an arc discharge to melt the oxide particles and depositing the molten particles on a substrate. The deposited layer is allowed to cool and then is removed intact from the substrate. The plate then can be sintered and a fuel electrode material and an oxidizer electrode material can be applied on the opposing surfaces of the plate.

Abstract: A method of forming a sealed capsule containing a submilligram quantity of mercury or the like, the capsule being constructed from a hollow glass tube, by placing a globule or droplet of the mercury in the tube. The tube is then evacuated and sealed and is subsequently heated so as to vaporize the mercury and fill the tube therewith. The tube is then separated into separate sealed capsules by heating spaced locations along the tube with a coiled heating wire means to cause collapse spaced locations therealong and thus enable separation of the tube into said capsules.

Abstract: An impervious article of plastic material including a reinforcing frame member imperviously sealed within the plastic material which forms an outer covering thereof, is obtained by disposing the reinforcing frame member within a channel formed in shock resistant thermoplastic material, by heating a portion of the shock resistant thermoplastic material on outer sides thereof opposite sides defining the channel in which the reinforcing member is disposed, and over an area near an open portion of the channel to at least the softening point of the shock resistant plastic material, and then injecting a compatible plastic material substantially resistant to cracking under stress onto the outer sides of the thermoplastic material and over the open part of the channel in which the reinforcing member is disposed.

Abstract: A laminate providing an effective barrier to the migration of essential oils and/or flavorings, such as d-limonene, therethrough is provided comprising, from the outer surface to the inner surface, a paperboard substrate, a web of propylene polymer coated thereon and a web of olefin polymer overlying said propylene polymer web. Preferably the paperboard substrate is also coated on the external surface thereof with a web of heat sealable olefin polymer. Containers constructed from such laminates are especially useful as fruit juice containers which enable significant flavor retention in the fruit juice contained therein over the normal shelf life of the product.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for high temperature treatment of rectilinear-generatrix surfaces of nonconductive products. The apparatus comprises an anode arranged opposite to a cathode to provide an arc gap therebetween for striking an arc discharge. The apparatus is further provided with a product feeding device to move the product a desired distance from the axis of the arc. The cathode is held securely in place, while the anode is positioned, integrally with the fixed cathode, to maintain a fixed position of the arc axis within the arc gap exceeding the length of the generatrix of the surface being treated. The feeding device is designed so as to provide the movement of the products in a plane extending normally to the axis of the arc when the generatrix of the surface being treated is parallel to the axis of the arc.

Abstract: A carbon-organic resin composite which has been initially shaped as by molding and in which the resin binder has been at least partially precured is transformed into an all-carbon composite and substantially densified by a continuous process in which the composite is continuously heated at different temperatures and subjected to increased pressure. Initially, the composite is heated at a first rate to a temperature on the order of 1000.degree. F., the first rate and the increased pressure applied to the composite being selected to substantially decompose the resin rapidly but without delamination or other damage to the composite. Heating is then continued at a second rate until the composite undergoes substantial softening and becomes plastic, typically at a temperature in excess of 3500.degree. F. Thereafter the composite is maintained at a high temperature, typically in excess of 5000.degree. F.

Abstract: A marking apparatus is for marking at least one plastics encapsulated semiconductor device with marking-obstructive substances thereon. The marking apparatus comprises a conveying mechanism for conveying the semiconductor device, a pretreatment mechanism for removing the marking-obstructive substances on the semiconductor device conveyed thereto by the conveying mechanism, a stamping mechanism for stamping a mark on the semiconductor device removed of the marking-obstructive substances by the pretreatment mechanism and transferred thereto by the conveying mechanism, and a fixing mechanism for fixing the mark stamped on the semiconductor device transferred thereto by the conveying mechanism.

Abstract: A process and the apparatus for deburring moulded parts produced by pressing especially moulded parts of lignocellulose fibre mats. A small circumferential zone of the fibre mat between the edge contour of the moulded part to be deburred and the edge of the waste shoulder is thermically decomposed during pressing. The thermically decomposed material portion of the fibre mat is removed from the edge contour of the moulded part while taking off the moulded part from the press tools. The decomposition zone is limited by a circumferential groove shaped chamber provided in one of the press tools. The portion of the fibre mat enclosed in the chamber is practically uncompressed and the chamber is provided with different methods for the thermal decomposition. The decomposition methods cause a carbonization of the material in the decomposition zone which facilitates the removing of the waste shoulder from the moulded part so that an additional treatment by hand is unnecessary.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for rapidly removing fuzz from about the edges of sheets of material and apertures within those sheets without damaging the sheet material performed by passing the sheet quickly through a flame.

Abstract: A method is described for the production of porous bodies from vitreous silica without the use of tools. Vitreous silica wool and/or threads are wound in layers on a form. After the coil has attained a certain minimum thickness, the threads of each succeeding layer are permanently bonded by heating the threads of the preceding layer at the points where the threads cross. The form is removed, and then the threads on the inside of the body are bonded together.The bodies are used for the production of high-purity blocks of silicon for solar cells.

Abstract: A process for producing polyacrylonitrile membranes for use in reverse osmosis, which comprises dissolving an acrylonitrile polymer in formamide (FA)-containing dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare an acrylonitrile polymer solution for membrane formation; shaping the solution into a membranous product of a desired form while maintaining the temperature of the solution within a specific range; removing the solvent from the membranous product under a specified solvent removal condition (solidifying condition); subjecting the thus-obtained membrane to a heat treatment, and further to a plasma treatment. The polyacrylonitrile membrane thus obtained is asymmetric and porous in structure, and excellent both in separation ability and in mechanical strength. This membrane is very suitable for use in reverse osmosis.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for sealing the ends of the bores of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes comprised of a thermoplastic material which membranes are arranged in the form of a bundle by subjecting the ends of the hollow fiber membranes to heat to effect the sealing. The heat also causes the ends of the hollow fiber membranes to adhere to one and another. An insert material is placed within the bundle of hollow fiber membranes at the zone which is subjected to the heat. This insert material provides a barrier to the adhering of the hollow fiber membranes and thus provides a fluid passageway at the sealed end of the bundle.

Abstract: Material to be used as a furnace lining, comprising a block of ceramic fibers in a desired shape said surface having been fused with a flame at a temperature higher than any temperature to which it is intended that the material will be subjected when in use.

Abstract: The formation of a hermetic seal in an assembly resulting from the connection or encapsulation of one or more substrates such as cables by one or more dimensionally-recoverable covering members such as heat-recoverable sleeves is checked by detecting the increase in air pressure which occurs during heating of the assembly once a hermetic seal has been made. To this end, a covering member is provided with an aperture which communicates with a detection device such as a balloon or a manometer and with a space within the assembly in which there is a build up of air pressure.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed recloseable container is disclosed wherein continuous seaing means on the underside of the container closure are bonded to a coating on the rim surrounding the opening in the upper end of the container. Also disclosed is a closure and method of forming such a container using such a closure.

Abstract: A method for the production of two-layer pipe casting is carried out in the following manner. First, a reaction chamber is filled with an initial mixture. Then, the reaction chamber with the initial mixture is set in rotation about its longitudinal axis whereupon the centrifugal acceleration of the reaction chamber is brought up to about 300 to about 1000 g. The initial mixture is then inflamed and centrifugal acceleration is gradually brought down to about 50 to about 100 g for a time period sufficient to enable combustion of the initial mixture as well as subsequent separation of the resultant melt into two layers, external and internal, until their solidification. The separation of the melt composed of the final products of combustion into two layers takes place under the action of centrifugal forces due to the difference in specific weights of said layers.

Abstract: The method for making material to be used as a furnace lining, comprising forming a block of ceramic fibers in a desired shape and fusing the surface thereof with a flame at a temperature higher than any temperature to which it is intended that the material will be subjected when in use.

Abstract: Device for recovering thermoplastic materials comprising a hopper and downstream of the latter a chamber of decreasing cross-section, means for feeding to said chamber the material from the hopper, means for supplying heat to the material for gradually melting the material being fed in the chamber, one or more orifices being provided downstream of the chamber for the outlet or discharge of the material.

Abstract: Method for making a tire whose white sidewall portion is created by, selectively, providing a circumferential groove in the molded tire, buffing the surfaces of the groove, placing an adhesive in the groove, heating the tire about 138.degree. C. to dry the adhesive, bringing the tire temperature to about 100.degree. C. and, while rotating the tire with the groove in a substantially horizontal plane, directing a stream of white polyurethane stock into the groove by means of an applicator which is formed to direct the stock in differing volumes into the bottom of the groove and laterally against its corners and sides; the white sidewall strip so formed has the shape of a concave meniscus.

Abstract: A sausage casing surface formed from regenerated cellulose is exposed to a source of surface activating energy to an extent sufficient to induce a change in the surface whereby the casing will adhere to a sausage emulsion encased therein and follow the shrinkage of the sausage during processing.

Abstract: A laminating material such as a fibrous glass formed as a woven fabric or chopped strand mat which has been coated with a plastic resin on both sides thereof. The plastic resin is applied so that it does not permeate the fibers of the reinforcing material but is only adhered on the surfaces thereof. The resin coating is maintained intact on the reinforcing material by incorporation of a fine light mat, referred to as a carrier, in the resin coating.The reinforcing material can be made by initially laying down a resin coating on release film, together with the carrier. After processing of the resin to its final tackiness required for laminating, the resin sheet is adhered to one or preferably both surfaces of the laminating fabric.

Abstract: Vulcanized rubber is reclaimed by treating pieces of the rubber to render a surface layer of each piece plastic while the inner core of the piece remains non-plastic. A chemical reagent can be used in the treatment, but it is preferred to render the surface layers of the rubber pieces plastic by a heat treatment which involves direct exposure of the pieces of rubber to either a flame or a heated gas. In a preferred embodiment of the invention vulcanized rubber pieces are dropped under gravity into a flame so that any attached textile residues are burnt away simultaneously with the plasticizing of the surface layers of the pieces, and the heated pieces then enter a stream of cold air which quenches the heat treatment.Vulcanized rubber articles made from the rubber reclaimed by the method of the invention have improved properties as compared with articles made by the conventional methods of reusing vulcanized rubber.

Abstract: A method for preparing reticulate thermoset resin structures is described. Thermoset or thermosettable resin containing foams, prepared by a method wherein thin membranes dividing contiguous cells in a thin membraned, thick stranded thermoset or thermosettable resin foam with interconnected cells are produced, and are thermally reticulated. The foams are preferably thermally reticulated by providing a combustible gas mixture inside the cells of the foam and then igniting the mixture to destroy the foam membranes. The thermosettable or thermoset reticulate resin structures so produced are particularly useful for preparing carbon structures with the same geometry by heating at elevated temperatures under reducing, inert or vacuum conditions.

Abstract: An improved method is described for thermally bonding contacting pieces of a thermoplastic material provided in a variable volume confined space surrounded by a combustible gas. The combustible gas is ignited and explosion diffused externally of the pieces of thermoplastic material and thus heats the pieces without damage sufficiently to produce interbonding when the heated pieces are compacted in the confined space. The heated pieces are compacted isostatically or non-isostatically using various apparatus which reduce the volume of the confined space. Preferably a moveable piston is provided in a cylinder to form the confined space for the pieces. The driving means for the piston can be a combustible gas which is ignited or non-combustible gas under pressure or a resilient means or other mechanical means. The products of the method are in the form of a porous mass composed of the interbonded pieces which are undamaged by the explosion.

Abstract: A method for making a composite mold utilizing room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber for the surface of the mold and room temperature vulcanizing polyurethane rubber for the rest of the mold.

Abstract: Extruded articles of resinous transparent monovinyl-substituted aromatic compound/conjugated diene block copolymer are subjected to a brief heat treatment which results in a substantial improvement in clarity.

Abstract: A method of repairing an injured portion of a refractory furnace-lining characterized by cutting off the injured portion of said lining through the furnace shell using a specific supersonic flame jet cutter; inserting a rigid refractory lining block having a shape which is similar to that of the through-cut hole of the furnace body; and welding the surrounding periphery of the inserted block to the contact surface of said through-cut hole using the above-mentioned supersonic flame jet cutter as a welder, followed by repairing the outside cut-off shell portion of the furnace body.

Abstract: An antistatic and biaxially oriented polypropylene film is manufactured by the steps of (1) adding to crystalline polypropylene, (a) an antistatic agent and (b) a zinc salt of aliphatic acid, (2) melt-extruding the resulting composition to form a sheet or film, (3) orienting the sheet or film both longitudinally and laterally at a temperature below its melting point, and then (4) activating the surface of the resultant antistatic and biaxially oriented film. The film thus obtained possesses a remarkably improved antistatic property and adhesiveness to ink printed on it and to resins coated on it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a composition for the manufacture of an artificial paper requiring neither calendering nor biorientation, the paper obtained having in addition to the characteristics proper to cellulose paper, improved physical properties, such as better impermeability to water vapor and air, resistance to greases and dimensional stability under various atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: This application discloses a method for making a candle with stones, or other desired articles, cast into the candle about the periphery thereof. This is accomplished by the use of a two step casting process, wherein a smaller core of the candle is first cast, and this core is then placed in a larger mold of substantially identical shape. The stones or other articles are then placed in the larger mold between the smaller core and the inner wall of said mold until the space therein is completely filled. Wax is then poured into the larger mold to cast these articles into the surface of the candle. Since the wax at this point will almost completely cover the articles, which are of a decorative nature and of which more of the surface should be exposed, the candle, after it has cooled, is repeatedly dipped in hot wax to remove some of the surface wax from the candle with each dipping, and then cooled by dipping the candle in water.

Abstract: Polyesters of para-oxybenzoyl are infusible and very resistant to acids and solvents, thus limiting the means by which such polymers can be fabricated. Such a polyester is made more amorphous, thus improving compression moldability, by subjecting it to a high temperature treatment, followed by a rapid quench. The resulting polymer has reduced crystalline orientation, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction patterns, and molded articles thereof have improved flexural strength, without adversely affecting the modulus. The thermal treatment is carried out on the polymer by heating at a temperature of at least 300.degree.C, and up to just below the decomposition temperature of the polymer, followed by quenching of the hot polymer.

Abstract: In a method of conditioning preforms to be molded into containers which includes feeding them in groups to a temperature-conditioning zone where they are reduced to orientation temperature for immediate molding into containers, improvements are provided which involve diverting other groups away from the temperature-conditioning zone to an adjacent cooling zone wherein they are reduced to a temperature whereat sticking together cannot occur, prior to collecting them for later molding.

Abstract: Heat barrier materials are prepared by forming an intimate admixture of alkaline earth sulfate and finely divided carbonaceous material into a shaped composition and subjecting said shaped composition to a high temperature to cause a surface reaction to produce a coating comprising alkaline earth sulfide on the surface of said shaped composition.