Abstract: A predrawn net particularly for geotechnical use including an initial component that forms a first and a second layers that are respectively constituted by a first set of mutually substantially parallel filaments and by a second set of mutually substantially parallel filaments that lie transversely with respect to the filaments of the first set, so as to form a plurality of mutual joints. The filaments of the two sets mutually interpenetrate in the joints over a thickness that is less than 50% of one of the layers. The initial component is more than 8 mm thick. The filaments of at least one of the sets are drawn in the direction defined by the respective set of filaments so that the stretching action passes through the joints without substantially affecting the filaments of the other one of the sets.

Abstract: An extruded plastics net bag is formed by a tubular mesh body having a band which, on one side panel of the bag, extends longitudinally from the bottom to the mouth of the bag; the band and the bag are connected together by a weld line which defines the bottom of the bag and by the weld portions connecting the handles to the bag; the band is provided with two longitudinal folds defining a central longitudinal portion and two folded longitudinal portions superimposed on the inner side of the central portion, so that the respective free longitudinal edges of the folded portions are substantially adjacent.

Abstract: A cross-oriented multi-layer laminated plastic film is produced by first providing a flattened tubular plastic film having a outer plastic film layer with a first melting temperature and an inner plastic film layer with a second melting temperature lower than the first melting temperature, the outer plastic film layer having a molecular orientation substantially in the direction of the length of the tubular plastic film. The flattened tubular plastic film is passed from an expanding station in an expanded condition along a predetermined path in the direction of the length of said film to a collapsing station in a continuous manner. The expanded tubular plastic film is rotated about the predetermined path as the film passes from the expanding station to the collapsing station to effect cross-orientation of the outer film layer in directions inclined to the direction of travel of the tubular plastic film.

Abstract: A method for making an anti-skid apparatus for an automobile tire includes coating a plurality of core materials with rubber to form a plurality of cords; placing the cords in grooves of a preliminary molding plate and knitting the cords to form a net body; molding the cord into a non-vulcanized net body which inherently possesses crossing sections-where one of the plurality of cords lies on top of another of the plurality of cords; pressing the crossing sections so as to cause the core materials at the crossing sections to become linearly aligned; and vulcanizing the pressed non-vulcanized anti-skid net bodies to form a vulcanized net body. The step of pressing the crossing sections temporarily fixes the respective cords to each other at respective crossing sections. Also, affixing elements are attached to the vulcanized net body to detachably secure the vulcanized net body to an automobile tire.

Abstract: A self-bonded nonwoven web and thermoplastic net-like web composite comprising at least one layer of a uniform basis weight self-bonded, fibrous nonwoven web and at least one layer of a thermoplastic net-like web for producing stable fabric useful for carpet backing and packaging applications.

Abstract: The plastic material net structure, particularly useful for geotechnical applications, has a plurality of holes uniformly arranged in rows and columns. The sheet further comprises portions which are elongated in the stretch direction, are mutually separated by the holes and have a predominance of molecules orientated in the stretch direction. The elongated portions extend from node elements which have a plurality of non-orientated molecules. The node elements are mutually joined by non-oriented transverse portions which extend between said holes in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the elongated portions. The node elements have a thickness which is greater than the thickness of the transverse portions and of the elongated portions.

Abstract: Geogrid net-like structures including compound composite reinforced strands.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making a tubular structure formed by a film of extruded synthetic matter whose walls are at least partially perforated, including the steps of extruding from an annular die a tubular film having gaps or voids obtained in manner known per se by teeth which temporarily obturate the outlet of said die, and extruding and forming the film on leaving the die after flow of matter in the plastic state, upstream of the die, in a ring-shaped passage of which the outlet constitutes the die, this passage being of constant thickness equal to the width of the extrusion slot and consequently to the final thickness of the film, the flow of plastic material in this ring-shaped passage causing an effect of lamination of the matter ensuring dimensional stability, particularly the thickness of the film obtained at the outlet of the die, and in particular avoiding the formation of excess thickness or surface roughness on the film thus extruded.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a net-like structure from a suitable material, such as metal or a synthetic polymer. The structure avoids the problems of low tear strength at the joints in the mesh and enables novel shapes and designs to be formed that are not possible to make by other methods. The method comprises the steps of forming a planar web from a suitable material in a plastic state, the forming providing for the planar web to have a substantially flat parting plane, the planar web having an expandable pattern of strands and strand joints with apertures therebetween, and expanding the planar web by forcing the exterior and interior of the web apart in a direction generally perpendicular to the planar web, to form a three-dimensional net-like structure.

Abstract: A method of making apertured films including the step of perforating films of thermoplastic materials with embossing rolls engraved with patterns which form small slits or incipient slits in the sheet. The patterns are such that the design on the roll includes lands, or raised areas, which cross lands of the opposing roll at an acute angle. The perforated or partially perforated film formed may then be further processed by orientation, uniaxial or biaxial, simultaneous or sequential; by heat treatment; or both to modify the porosity, hole size, or other properties as desired.

Abstract: A process to obtain molecular orientations in perforated plates made of extruded plastic material includes a first heating of the plastic material at an extrusion temperature, the extruding of the plastic material in the form of a perforated plate, a first cooling of said plate, a second heating of the plate at the longitudinal orientation temperature, the longitudinal stretching of the plate, a second cooling of the plate at a temperature approaching room temperature, a third heating of the plate at the longitudinal stabilization temperature, a third cooling of the plate, a fourth heating of the plate at the transverse orientation temperature, the transverse stretching of the plate, a fourth cooling of the plate at the transverse stabilization temperature, and the final cooling of the plate.

Abstract: In order to produce high tensile strength mesh structures, starting material, which is at least 0.75 mm thick and which has a square or rectangular pattern of holes or depressions, is stretched either in one direction or in two directions at right angles. The uniaxially stretched structure has orientated strands which are connected by parallel bars, the orientation of the strands penetrating into the bars but the centers of the bars being thicker than the strands, all along the length of the bar center. The biaxially stretched structure has orientated strands which are interconnected by orientated junctions which have orientated crotches between the strands; the thinnest parts of the junctions are not less than 75% of the thickness of the strands, the thickest parts of the junctions are thicker than the thinnest parts and thicker than the strands, and the center of the junction is not the thinnest part of the junction.

Abstract: An improved plastic net product and its method of manufacture. Intersecting strands of plastic are extruded to form a net structure. Each strand is comprised of a plastic core of a first polymer sandwiched between layers of another polymer, all of which are co-extruded.

Abstract: Waisted holes are used when stretching a perforated starting material to form a mesh structure having molecularly-orientated strands. The holes define strand-forming zones which have a center part of greater width than end parts; orientation is initiated in the end parts and travels towards the middle until the whole of the strand-forming zone has been stretched out to form a molecularly-oriented strand. In the molecularly-orientated strand, there are three portions in which the middle of the strand has moved away from the ends of the strand during stretching the same distance as the edges of the strand, these portions corresponding to the end and center parts; in between, the middle of the strand has moved away from the respective end during stretching a different distance to the edges of the strand.

Abstract: An improved plastic net product and its method of manufacture. Intersecting strands of plastic are extruded to form a net structure. Each strand is comprised of a plastic core of a first polymer sandwiched between layers of another polymer, all of which are co-extruded.

Abstract: Apparatus for making a tubular plastic sheath having one or more imperforate panels around the periphery of the sheath with intervening plastic net connecting the imperforate panels, the apparatus including an extruder, perforating means and stretching means, the improvement being extrusion means to form bands of different thickness asbout the sheath the perforation means being positioned such as to perforate only bands of one thickness.

Abstract: In order to produce a biaxially orientated mesh structure using a single axis draw, a plastics material starting material has parallel, side-by-side main zones separated by lines of holes or depressions; the starting material is drawn parallel to the main zones, stretching the main zones into continuous, orientated main strands 4 interconnected by smaller cross-section strands 6 which have been formed from the zones between holes or depressions in each line, and have been orientated at right angles to the direction of drawing by the effect of the main zones decreasing in width as they were stretched. The mesh structure is suitable for cross-lamination.

Abstract: An integral plastics material starting sheet has a square or rectangular pattern of holes defining strand-forming zones. The strand-forming zones are formed with depressions with the sheet at a low or ambient temperature. The sheet is then stretched to form the strand-forming into orientated strands.

Abstract: Plastics material mesh structures are made by providing a starting material having a pattern of primary holes or depressions and smaller secondary holes or depressions between the primary holes or depressions and stretching the plastics material to orientate the zones between adjacent holes or depressions to form orientated strands. A first stretch in a single direction produces intermediate structures having first mesh openings and smaller second mesh openings. A subsequent stretch at right angles to the first stretch produces structures having main orientated strands interconnected by shorter orientated strands arranged in such a way that only three strands meet at any junction.

Abstract: A nonwoven texturized fabric is produced by embossing a molten film of a polymer blend of high density polyethylene and polystyrene with hexagonal shaped bosses, biaxially stretching the thus embossed film to produce an openwork net and then texturizing the net with special texturizing rollers to flatten and deform some of the bosses and bend some of the bands at an angle to the plane of the fabric to produce an essentially irregular pattern of bosses connected by bands.

Abstract: An improved process of manufacturing a plastic helical net is disclosed. The process begins by co-extruding two or more plastic materials characterized by having different properties of contraction and orientation to form a bi-component sheet. Holes or impressions are formed in the sheet at regular intervals as by embossing, drawing, punching or slitting, and then the sheet is oriented, as by stretching, well below the melt temperature of the materials, and then releasing.

Abstract: In order to provide uniaxially-stretched and biaxially-stretched mesh structures which allow for different specific designs of the interconnecting strands, a special punching pattern is used to provide holes in the starting material. The starting material has a "square" pattern of large holes. Further holes are added. These further holes can be small holes which are staggered and in pairs. When the starting material is stretched, the uniaxially-stretched structure has transverse bars interconnected by highly orientated strands each of which forks at both ends into further highly orientated strands, providing a structure which is particularly suitable for soil reinforcement. When the structure is stretched in the direction at right angles to form a biaxially-stretched structure, the zones of the bars which are between aligned strands remain as unorientated or partly orientated junctions. The remaining zones of the bars are stretched out to form highly orientated strands.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the production of a composite plastic material consisting of oriented polymer filaments and a polymer film web, and more particularly, the production of a composite material which possesses an improved physical strength and higher tear resistance in comparison with plastic film materials which are not reinforced. An extrusion die is used for example, a conventional tubular extrusion die for extruding a continuous blown tubular plastic film web and wherein the die orifice is encompassed by spinerette apertures through which there are concurrently extruded a plurality of polymer filaments which are oriented and initially conveyed along a path substantially parallel to but not in adherence with the blown tubular plastic film web.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an equipment to obtain a plate provided with holes directly by extruding plastic materials. The process consists in submitting the material coming out of an extruder head to expansion stresses according to more than one direction and in executing a plurality of perforations in said material submitted to expansion by means of perforating means; the equipment consists of a plurality of perforating devices provided with a reciprocating motion so that they can reach an interference position with respect to the material coming out of the extruder head and of means which, acting at the same time as the perforating devices, are suitable to produce an expansion of the extruded material.

Abstract: Oriented net furniture support materials made from thermoplastic elastomers have been found to possess a unique combination of properties including high strength, low creep and good flexibility. These furniture support materials can be made by extrusion through a pair of concentric die sets rotating transversely to one another or by weaving of monofilament.

Abstract: A film of synthetic polymer is profiled with a pattern of thick and thin areas so that it can split on stretching into a net; additionally the thin areas are likewise profiled so that either the strands of main net split clearly apart or the orifices of main net are covered by an integral fine net arising from the minor profile. Profiles based on the intersection of sets of parallel grooves on opposite surfaces are preferred for both major and minor profiles.

Abstract: A mattress comprising a plurality of spaced springs, a plastic support platform having a plurality of extruded unoriented plastic spaced longitudinal support members and a plurality of extruded unoriented plastic spaced longitudinal stabilizing members, at least one of said stabilizing members being in position in each space between said longitudinal support members, said stabilizing members being smaller than said support members, a plurality of extruded plastic spaced cross-stabilizing members that intersect said support and stabilizing members substantially at a right angle and are integrally joined at the crossings, said cross-stabilizing members being oriented and smaller than said longitudinal support members, said support platform being in position on top of said springs with said longitudinal support members extending along the length of the mattress in contact with a majority of plurality of springs, said longitudinal members having a breaking load of at least about 35 pounds for a strip having one l

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for making a thermoplastic polymer sheet and particularly a thermoplastic polymer netting structure. It further relates to a process and apparatus for splitting a thermoplastic polymer sheet or net structure so as to divide the sheet or net at the center thereof into two thin sheets. According to the invention, a previously formed plastic sheet or netting structure is reheated and then placed between two opposed heated smooth surfaces such as metal rolls. The sheet or net is heated to a temperature within the range of temperatures wherein the adhesion of the resin forming the sheet to the metal rolls is good and where its cohesion is poor. The opposed faces of the sheet or net structure adhere to the heated smooth surfaces. The opposed heated surfaces are separated; this causes the sheet or net to split in half to follow each surface.

Abstract: In order to make a non-planar plastics material article, a starting material has at least one ring of holes or depressions and is pressed so that the part which is within the ring is moved generally at right angles to the plane of the ring with respect to the part which is outside the ring, thereby stretching, into orientated strands, zones between adjacent holes or depressions in the ring; in the finished article, the strands interconnect the two parts.

Abstract: In order to produce high tensile strength mesh structures, starting material, which is at least 0.75 mm thick and which has a square or rectangular pattern of holes or depressions, is stretched either in one direction or in two directions at right angles. The uniaxially stretched structure has orientated strands which are connected by parallel bars, the orientation of the strands penetrating into the bars but the centers of the bars being thicker than the strands, all along the length of the bar center. The biaxially stretched structure has orientated strands which are interconnected by orientated junctions which have orientated crotches between the strands; the thinnest parts of the junctions are not less than 75% of the thickness of the strands, the thickest parts of the junctions are thicker than the thinnest parts and thicker than the strands, and the center of the junction is not the thinnest part of the junction.

Abstract: A plastic net with a partial to a multiplicity of spirals between the interstices or crossings of the net filaments is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of reinforced shaped articles from water-hardening materials. A plurality of continuous networks of synthetic organic polymer material having at least two meshes per square centimeter are incorporated in said water-hardening materials as reinforcement. The networks are prepared by forming meshes in an unfibrillated film of the synthetic organic polymer material.

Abstract: Process for forming a scrim-reinforced film wherein a molten, film-forming plastic, such as polyethylene, in a high state of fluidity is fed onto an unsupported scrim and solidified by cooling to produce a scrim at least substantially completely enclosed and surrounded by the plastic. The film, thus produced, can be formed into a high strength bag container by a folding and cutting operation utilizing hot knife means capable of fusing and thus sealing the plastic. In a preferred embodiment, the plastic is extruded onto the scrim.

Abstract: In order to form an improved junction which is less liable to tear under shock loads, a diamond pattern of holes (or depressions) is formed in plastics material sheet. The holes are then in two sets of parallel lines each making an angle to the subsequent stretching direction and the holes are also in parallel rows at right angles to the stretching direction. The sheet is stretched so that the zones between adjacent holes in each line form orientated strands and the zones between adjacent holes in each row form junctions which have their lateral zones orientated but have a central zone which is unorientated or less orientated, i.e. which is thicker. The central zone can extend into two opposite crotches or be completely surrounded by highly orientated lateral zones.

Abstract: A net formed from partially crystalline synthetic material is made by first forming a plurality of parallel rows of overlapping slits in a solid, biaxially oriented shrinkable sheet of plastic film, such as polypropylene. The sheet is heated to produce a film lattice through shrinkage and thereafter stretched in the longitudinal direction while maintained at a temperature below the crystalline melting point, thereby causing the web portions to be stretched into thin filaments while the intersection portions remain undrawn. The resulting net comprises rhomboid-shaped meshes defined by the filaments and intersections and is expandable in a direction transverse to the net by a multiple of the width of the net.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and apparatus for manufacturing flat plastic net. Tubular plastic net is made by extruding plastic material through coaxial circular counter-rotating die members to form a net structure having a plurality of crossing strands. The angular displacement of successive longitudinally-aligned junctions of the crossing strands is controlled, preferably by controlling the relative counter-rotation of the extrusion die members, and successive longitudinally aligned junctions are cut longitudinally within each junction. The tubular net so cut is opened out to form flat net.The flat net so produced, the edges of which are characterized by successive longitudinal edge junctions, in which each edge junction is cut longitudinally within the junction, is particularly useful for fencing material, for example.

Abstract: A new fast method for making plastic netting without weaving or knitting. This non-woven netting is made by the cohesion of melting plastic monofilaments extruded by a T Die. Under the reciprocating movement of guide rollers, several groups of melting monofilaments are guided to be crossed, and the pressed and welded together on pressure silicone rollers. When necessary, other yarns or filaments can be added to be crossed, pressed and welded together, to increase the tensile strength of the netting. Generally, it is a kind of netting made by crossing one group of melting plastic monofilaments with other groups of melting plastic monofilaments or by other yarns under the pressing and welding process.

Abstract: A tube of thermoplastic netting is drawn through a work station in a radially collapsed, condensed condition. At the work station, the netting is angularly twisted to rope-like form, to increase its bulk density and, in such condition, is drawn between the die and platen of an ultrasonic welding horn. Periodically, the die and platen momentarily bear against a succeeding short length of the twisted, condensed rope-like form making a fused seal nugget integrating all strands of the netting at that site. The resulting product may be a long length of such tubing, having such a seal every so often, or a plurality of bags formed from the intermediate product by making one transverse cut through the netting tube beside each seal nugget.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating tubular, plastics material net comprising transversely opening out a rope-oriented net, transversely corrugating the transversely opened-out net, and heat setting the net in its transversely opened-out and corrugated state. In addition, the product thereof, having a length less than 1/350th of the maximum axially-extended length of the net.

Abstract: An extruded thermoplastic netting having two sets of strands, which sets cross each other at substantially a right angle, is molecularly oriented first along one set of strands and then along the other set to achieve improved heat stability as compared to previous simultaneous orientation of the sets of strands and under conditions to minimize webbing at the joints.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the manufacture of plastic net formed by extruding a plurality of spaced strands of plastic into a net structure. In accordance with the invention, adjacent strands in the net are joined in physical contact throughout all or a substantial portion of the length of the strand between the joints in the net structure. The strands are merged and integrally consolidated in the joints so that in effect the extruded structure is a solid sheet with or without perforations between the strands. Thereafter the strands are stretched preferably in two different directions to draw the strands apart and separate them throughout the length of the strands between the joints to form a high strand count oriented net produced for the first time by extrusion.

Abstract: Apparatus for extruding tubular plastic netting including concentric, counterrotatable inner and outer dies mounted in a housing with a space therein for the downward flow of molten plastic to a circular series of holes in each of the dies leading to their respective extrusion orifices, the apparatus having means for splitting the downward flow of plastic into two separate streams, one for the extrusion orifices of the inner die and the other for the extrusion orifices of the outer die, this means being formed substantially to equalize the rate of flow of the plastic to the extrusion orifices. The apparatus is also shown as including a seal arrangement in which a first and a second set of wedge seals protect bearings journalling one of the dies in the housing from the plastic, with the provision of a vent between the sets of seals so as to prevent application of pressure to the second set of seals in the vent the first set leaks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a multi-level assembly of flexible nets for supporting flowers to allow them to grow in straight, upstanding shape through the mesh openings of the nets which are raised progressively to different levels of height above a flower bed in accordance with the growth of the flowers. A plurality of nets are laid one upon another with their mesh openings substantially correctly aligned with one another and placed on a frame in a vertically zigzag folded pattern. Then, the nets are, together with the frame, immersed in a bath of a heating medium, such as hot water, to allow the nets to undergo thermal contraction, whereby the mesh openings of the nets are correctly with one another. The nets are, together with the frame, removed from the bath and allowed to cool. Then, the nets are removed from the frame with their folded shape substantially in order.

Abstract: A melt-embossed polymer film is provided on one surface with a set of parallel grooves and on the other surface with a second set of parallel grooves at an angle to the first, the combined tapes of the grooves being at least substantially equal to the thickness of the film. The ratio between the intersection area common to two ribs on different surfaces and the cross-sectional area of each rib is low, e.g. not greater than 2:1 to ensure transmission of orientation on subsequent stretching. The ribs between the grooves may be square, trapezoidal (provided that the included angle of the tapering sides is not greater than 45.degree.) or wider at its outer part than at its inner part. Ribs of these shapes, especially the last named, can be produced by using deformable, e.g. rubber, profiling means.

Abstract: An extruded plastics mesh having two sets of oblique strands lying in adjacent planes and joined together at their crossing points by tenacious intersections is suitably stretched to form a structure having mesh openings each of which is a six-sided figure bounded on four sides by portions of four separate strands and on the other two sides by strandlike members comprising stretched intersections of the original mesh. To inhibit splitting of the structure along the length of the stretched intersections there is provided at opposite ends of each such intersection a relaxed web integral with the structure and extending across the crotch defined by the two strands which form the intersection.

Abstract: Methods of extruding tubular plastic netting from extrusion orifices in concentric, counterrotatable inner and outer dies in which the plastic filaments extruded therefrom have substantially the same downward relative velocity so as to form netting intersections with substantially no relative shear movement between intersecting filaments.

Abstract: A low-weight, dent-resistant hollow structure composed of spaced apart ou sheets and an inner supporting core, the inner supporting core being formed from a plurality of rigid fibrous nets impregnated with a hardened resin, some of said nets being parallel to and contiguous with the outer sheets and other of said nets being disposed perpendicularly to and secured to the parallel nets so as to maintain the outer sheets in a spaced apart position. Such structures are particularly useful in devices for aviation and space travel.Methods for forming the structure are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An extruded plastic mesh of the type indicated having mesh openings each of which is a six-sided figure bounded on four sides by portions of four separate strands and on oppositely disposed two sides by elongate members comprising confluent portions of pairs of said four strands and forming a crotch at each end of each elongate member, wherein all of said strands and elongate members have preferred molecular orientation of the plastic material thereof in the direction of their major dimension and passing through and around the crotches of the elongate members of adjacent mesh openings and wherein the length of each elongate member measured from crotch to crotch is at least twice the diameter of a notional circle having the same area as the cross section of the elongate member at about its mid-point.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a reticulate polymer sheet having a set of filaments extending across the sheet and intersecting in molecularly oriented integral junctures with a second set of filaments comprising stretching a net-like structure in the longitudinal direction at least 3 to 1 and in the transverse direction at least 4 to 1 to provide a total stretch of from 12 to 1 to 40 to 1 to substantially uniformly molecularly orient the entire sheet.

Abstract: A method of making a net using at least one strand, characterized in that strand portions are joined at at least one intersection by threading each of two strand portions through a hole in the other of them. A net comprising at least one strand, characterized in that at at least the majority of netting strand intersections remote from the edge of the net, there are at least two intersecting netting strand portions and each of such two-strand portions including a hole through which the other of them passes.