Abstract: An inventive milling tool has a tool head that is rotatable about a tool axis and configured for coupling at its rear to a machine spindle. A plurality of cutting elements are distributed around the tool axis on a cutting circle, each cutting element provided with a front plane cutting edge and a peripheral cutting edge extending at an angle thereto. A channel system extends through the tool head and is configured for delivering coolant to the cutting elements. A replaceable ring is releasably fastened on a front end flange of the tool head in an interlocking manner, and the cutting elements are carried by the replaceable ring.

Abstract: A method for recovering solder from solder coated scrap pieces includes a step of containing a quantity of solder coated scrap pieces within a centrifuge receptacle of a first centrifuge. The centrifuge receptacle has perforation holes and is rotatably mounted about a first centrifuge axis. A solder collection container surrounds the centrifuge receptacle. The method further includes the steps of heating the solder coated scrap pieces and melting the solder thereon with a heater surrounding the solder collection container and with a drive system, rotating the centrifuge receptacle while the first centrifuge axis is in about a horizontal position at a low speed and tumbling the scrap pieces along a longitudinal length of the centrifuge receptacle, and later rotating the centrifuge receptacle at a high speed for centrifugally extracting molten solder from the centrifuge receptacle, radially outwardly through the perforation holes into the solder collection container.

Abstract: A method and system for magnetically detecting thermal degradation of a component. A multiple of ferrous metal segments are attached to a component not within a lubrication circuit of a lubrication system with a thermally-affected bonding agent. The thermally-affected bonding agent is operable to detach at a threshold temperature at least one of the multiple of ferrous metal segments such that the at least one of the multiple of detached ferrous metal segments enters the lubrication circuit of the lubrication system. The at least one of the multiple of ferrous metal segments which detached are then detected within the lubrication system.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a steel wire tempering liquid wiping device. The device comprises a shell. A thermal insulation layer is provided on an inner wall of the shell, and a steel wire inlet and a steel wire outlet are provided on the shell. A wiping fiber rack is installed in a wiping cavity, and a tempering liquid wiping fiber is installed on the wiping fiber rack and is high temperature resistant fibers. After tempering, the steel wires pass through the tempering liquid wiping fiber. At the bottom of the wiping fiber rack, a tempering liquid recovery device is arranged. A heating device is installed in the shell. The steel wires come out from a high temperature tempering furnace, and then enter the steel wire tempering liquid wiping device.

Abstract: In some examples, an apparatus includes a pallet supporting a plurality of workpieces, the pallet including through-holes structured to pass a quenching fluid. In some examples, the apparatus further includes a reservoir of quenching fluid configured to provide the quenching fluid, and a plurality of upturned wall portions extending from the pallet and substantially surrounding the exteriors of the plurality of workpieces. The plurality of upturned wall portions may be located in relative orientation to the plurality of workpieces to regulate heat transfer coefficients of the plurality of workpieces during a quenching operation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a steel wire tempering liquid wiping device. The device comprises a shell. A thermal insulation layer is provided on an inner wall of the shell, and a steel wire inlet and a steel wire outlet are provided on the shell. A wiping fiber rack is installed in a wiping cavity, and a tempering liquid wiping fiber is installed on the wiping fiber rack and is high temperature resistant fibers. After tempering, the steel wires pass through the tempering liquid wiping fiber. At the bottom of the wiping fiber rack, a tempering liquid recovery device is arranged. A heating device is installed in the shell. The steel wires come out from a high temperature tempering furnace, and then enter the steel wire tempering liquid wiping device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing nano-sized Fe powder having a polymer coated layer on a surface thereof, so as to prevent the nano-sized Fe powder from being oxidized under atmosphere. The method includes: gasifying an iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) or an iron acetate ((CH3CO2)2Fe) precursor in a ceramic bubbler; forming nano-sized Fe particles due to the crystallization of Fe gas while mixing the gasified precursor with Ar gas in a reactor; and precipitating the nano-sized Fe particles in a polymer solution in a chamber, before the nano-sized Fe particles are oxidized. According to this technique, Fe powder on the order of tens of nms in size, and having a polymer coated layer, are obtained from the Fe precursor. A system for producing the nano-sized Fe powder is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for manufacturing a laminated steel sheet which is capable of optimally treating surfaces of a base steel sheet so that the adhesive strength between a base steel sheet and lamination sheets attached to the surfaces of the base steel sheet is increased. The apparatus comprises an uncoiler for unwinding a coiled base steel sheet and supplying the uncoiled base steel sheet, followed by a cleaner for cleaning the surfaces of the base steel sheet. The cleaner comprises an acid pickling unit for pickling the surfaces of a hot rolled steel sheet with acid pickling water when the base steel sheet is the hot rolled steel sheet, an alkali cleaning unit for cleaning the surfaces of a galvanized steel sheet with alkali cleaning water when the base steel sheet is the galvanized steel sheet, and a rinsing unit for rinsing the base steel sheet with rinsing water.

Abstract: A processing apparatus forms a metallic material such as steel. The apparatus includes a heating tub, spray nozzles, a cooling tub, and a circulator. The heating tub heats the steel to equal to or higher than the modification point of the steel. The spray nozzles cool the steel processed by the heating tub to lower than the modification point, by contacting liquid metal sodium onto the steel. The cooling tub stores the liquid metal sodium, soaks the steel processed by the spray nozzles, and cools the steel. The circulator 20 circulates the liquid metal sodium so that the liquid metal sodium flows in the same direction as the steel in the cooling tub 3.

Abstract: This invention is related to galvanizing roll assemblies provided with self-aligning hydrodynamically lubricated roller-bearings used in equipment submerged in molten metal.

Abstract: Apparatus for the rolling and heat treatment of elongated metal product of relatively small cross section, such as rods and bars, is described in which the elements required for the conduct of a variety of heat treatments are arranged in in-line disposition whereby any of several heat treatment procedures can be performed on the product without need for transferring the product to remotely located heat treatment facilities. The methods of performing various heat treatments through use of the disclosed apparatus are also described.

Abstract: A member used in contact with a hot dip galvanizing bath, such as a sinker roll, a support roll or a bearing, is produced by nitriding stainless steel to form a nitride layer and a nitrogen-diffused layer on the surface thereof. The member used in contact with a hot dip galvanizing bath is formed on its surface with the nitride layer by nitriding it in a salt bath containing a cyanide, a cyanate, a carbonate and the like or by heat-treating it in an atmosphere containing ammonium or nitrogen.

Abstract: In order to produce a carbon solid solution or carbide-containing surface layer on a substrate, the substrate is immersed into a cold bath of liquid active medium, and heated inside the liquid active medium by heating means immersed in the liquid active medium as well.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuously applying a zinc plating to tubing is provided having a lower reservoir of molten zinc, an elongated and enclosed plating chamber having a plating trough formed in its upper surface, a pump for transferring molten zinc from the reservoir to the plating trough, a temperature sensor monitoring the temperature of the zinc in the plating trough and gas fired strip burners carried in the plating enclosure for heating the zinc transferred from the lower reservoir into the plating trough, the strip burners cooperating with the sensor for maintaining the bath of zinc in the plating trough within a predetermined temperature range.

Abstract: In a filter unit (25) and apparatus for desludging salt baths (1), which is flooded at least partially by the salt bath and is in working association with the upper end of a riser tube (23), the bath fluid to be desludged being driven, by means of a compressed air stream, for example, through the riser tube (23) toward the filter unit (9, 25), the filter cloth packet is made of woven wire of a nonferrous metal, preferably an alloy based on aluminum, nickel or titanium, and is surrounded by a filter frame (14), the frame (14) being shaped into a shallow, pyramidal frustum-shaped funnel (18) pointing toward the bottom of the vat, its apical bottom end being provided with a closable opening (19).

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a long, thin-shelled heat transfer tube closed at one end and secured at the other end to a manifold collar which has an exhaust tube extending from the center thereof and a manifold housing extending from the collar side opposite that from which the heat transfer tube extends. A plurality of longitudinally extending distributor tubes extend from the heat transfer tube through the collar in fluid communication with a sealed manifold chamber and a plurality of orifices spaced at longitudinal increments along the length of each distributor tube permits the wind mass in the manifold chamber to exit the orifices as high speed, free-standing gas jets for impingement against the interior of the heat transfer tube so that the heat transfer tube acts either as a heat source or as a heat sink.

Abstract: A system for developing a metal workpiece in which the center and the periphery have different properties. The workpiece is processed to put it into a first metallurgical condition. Then, a portion of the periphery is dipped into a molten salt bath and the workpiece is rotated so that the periphery is converted to a second metallurgical condition by the heat of the salt bath.

Abstract: In the operation of a hot metallizing furnace for lengths of metal, in particular metal strip, in which the length of metal to be coated is passed from above through the upper zone of a smelt of a coating material located in a smelt container, the smelt container can be heated by means of an induction coil made up of partial coils arranged axially on top of one another. During hot metallizing the upper partial coil(s) is/are connected to a medium frequency source of electricity in a single-phase manner. For the removal of the deposits which accumulate in the lower area of the smelt vessel, the lower partial coil(s) is/are connected to a three-phase current mains frequency source of electricity. The agitated deposits are then removed from the smelt using a collecting vessel.

Abstract: A method for heating a metallic strand 16 such as a wire or strip comprises passing the strand 16 along a metallic tube 4 which is filled with molten metal 13, the tube wall being heated by a furnace chamber 3 through which the tube 4 extends.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improved settling and handling of sludge in a fused salt bath for treating materials is provided. The apparatus includes a tank divided into a work zone and a salt processing zone, with the salt processing zone having a salt recovery section and a salt heating section. A pumping device is provided which together with adjustable gate means, generate a relatively quiescent flow in the work zone allowing sludge to settle, and a relatively turbulent flow in the salt processing zone and especially the salt heating section, to keep the sludge in suspension.

Abstract: An assembly of gates is provided at each end of a vat. Two uprights mounted on a lock-chamber floor support respective brackets. Pivoted between the floor and the brackets are gate flaps, the pivot rods of which are fitted in holes in the floor and in the brackets. Each gate flap includes a notch, and the successive gates match successive diameters of elongated elements which travel through the vat. In case of localized excess thickness on an elongated element, the impact causes spontaneous opening of the gate guiding the element.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for the zone-annealing of a workpiece (1) consisting of a high-temperature material, in which the workpiece (1) is hung on a suspension device (2) actuated via a roller (3) driven by a drive motor (4) and is provided with a plate-shaped covering screen (10) having an orifice. For the dipping of the workpiece (1), there is underneath the latter a salt bath (5) which is enclosed in an insulating vessel (6) and is provided with a heating system (7) with centrally symmetrical guide plates (8) and which is closed off at the top by means of a floating insulating cover (9). The cooling of the part of the workpiece (1) which is not immersed is guaranteed by a cooling body (11) through which cooling air (14) flows and which has a central passage (12) and, at the lower end of the passage (12), a projecting edge (13) serving as a stop for the covering screen (10).

Abstract: To fast load a metal alloy casting furnace 1 at a high casting temperature to supply foundry molds at an industrial pace, a liquid portion of the overall load is first introduced deep inside the furnace with a device L comprising a telescopic channel 30-31. A solid portion of the remaining overall load is then introduced with a device S comprising a tilting pusher-equipped channel 20 disposed below a static hopper 15. The liquid part of the load includes alloy compounds which are the least sensitive to oxidation; the solid part includes compounds which are highly sensitive to oxidation.

Abstract: The quench severity of a molten salt bath is drammatically increased by adding substantial amounts of water to the bath while it is being vigorously agitated by two impellors submerged in the bath. One impellor causes an upward flow and the other a downward flow of molten salt which results in a quiescent condition at the surface of the quench zone of the bath.

Abstract: According to the present invention a saturated aqueous solution comprising at least one alkali metal hydroxide and at least one alkali metal nitrate is provided which can be spray added to a fused anhydrous bath which contains alkali metal materials.

Abstract: A process or method of and apparatus for the in-ladle treatment of molten base metal iron with a nodularizing agent (e.g., a magnesium bearing alloy) so as to produce substantially uniform spheriodal graphite in the iron. The process involves placing a desired quantity of the nodularizing agent in a reaction chamber in a treatment ladle, the latter having a main chamber, a charging and filling passage leading to the reaction chamber, and one or more passages leading from the reaction chamber to the main chamber of the ladle. Molten base metal iron is then poured into the reaction chamber via the charging and filling passage thereby to effect a reaction between the nodularizing agent and the molten base metal. A hydrostatic pressure head of the molten base metal is rapidly established over the reaction chamber of sufficient depth thereby to minimize the vaporization of the nodularizing agent and to maximize the recovery of the nodularizing agent in the base metal.

Abstract: Concave rails 17, upon which a pipe which is to be treated by at least partial immersion can be placed, are fixed in the bottom of a furnace 1 which contains a treatment bath M. In order to guarantee that the pipe is immersed over the whole of its cross section and in order to eliminate the risk of it becoming oval, the furnace is subjected to alternating rotation about its axis XX, which compels the pipe to turn on itself by rolling on the rails 17. The handling of the pipe is achieved by arms 12 which are assembled in a pivoting manner on the external wall of the furnace and controlled by an actuator 15.

Abstract: Solid substances are introduced into a bath of molten metal by pushing a hollow metal tube filled with the solid substance, through a tubular former that imparts a spiral shape to the carrier tube. The spiral rotates about a vertical axis as it descends into the bath of molten metal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for prevention of clogging of exhaust systems, especially the exhaust hoods and ducts above fused salt baths onto which salts splatter as they are being added by spraying from aqueous solutions. A fluid tight jacket surrounds a portion of the exhaust pipe and hood and a cooling fluid, preferably the aqueous solution of the salt being added is flowed through the jacket. This will condense the water of the solvent onto the inside of the hood and duct dissolving and washing away any splattered salt.

Abstract: An air cooled electrode system is employed with one or more electrically heated molten salt bath furnaces. Each furnace comprises a wall enclosing a chamber which contains the molten salt bath. Electrodes are laid or located in the wall to extend through the wall into the chamber so that each electrode exposes only one face to the molten bath. The electrodes are parallel to one another and are located on opposite sides of the chamber. Each electrode has an elongated shank made from an electrical conductive material and has in one end thereof a pair of elongated holes which extend into the shank and terminates a distance from the other end of the shank. A connecting hole extends laterally into the shank to connect the inner ends of the elongated holes. The connecting hole and elongated holes form an air cooling passage which has an entrance and an exit. The air cooled electrode system includes a blower which is connected to a header for delivering air.

Abstract: In the art electric heat treat furnaces have a frame and an open top housing of refractory brick therein including a plurality of inner walls defining a chamber throughout its height adapted to receive a molten bath such as a salt bath into which metal pieces are suspended for heat treatment. The chamber has a top entrant passage of rectangular shape. Electrodes extend transversely through the housing adjacent the chamber for the passage of current through the bath between the electrodes to maintain the bath at a predetermined heat treat temperature. A transformer having primary and secondary pads includes electric connectors between the pads and the electrodes. The improvement herein comprises a plurality of vertically spaced tiers of vertically spaced electrodes arranged along the height of the chamber.

Abstract: A process for effecting an annealing treatment of a spheroidal or lamellar graphite cast iron pipe. While the pipe is driven in rotation about the axis of the pipe, it is suspended substantially horizontally as it issues from the centrifugal casting machine and the pipe is partly immersed in a bath of metal at the desired temperature. An installation for carrying out this process comprises an elongate vessel having a horizontal axis and containing a bath of molten metal at the required temperature. A withdrawable device is provided outside the bath for suspending the pipe in a substantially horizontal position and plunging the pipe partly in the bath while driving the pipe in rotation about the axis of the pipe.

Abstract: A device for cooling a heat treatment bath of melted salt into which heat is being introduced through the quenching of hot workpieces, the heat being removed from the salt bath through the introduction of a partially evaporated cooling medium, preferably water, whose complete evaporation takes place in direct contact with the melted salt, a portion of the latter being at the same time entrained in a circulatory flow out of the treatment tank and back into it, thereby agitating the salt bath for temperature equalization. The device includes a heat exchanger immersed in the salt bath for the partial evaporation of the cooling medium, and a circulation pipe for direct contact of the cooling medium with the melted salt.

Abstract: A system for recycling heat treating salts such as nitrates and nitrites from a rinse bath including means to prevent the excessive build-up of impurities such as carbonates which impair heat treat efficiency. For example, carbonates which form in a nitrate-nitrite quench bath are removed by concentrating the rinse water, rectifying the concentrate and returning molten rectified salt to the quench.

Abstract: A heat treatment plant comprising an assembly of refractory material adapted to receive a bath and containing a channel for a burner and optionally a channel for a flue, a framework adjacent to the refractory material, and at least one sub-frame mounted on the framework and adapted to receive a burner and flue. The burner and flue being capable of traversing the sub-frame in a direction transverse to that in which the sub-frame may traverse the framework.

Abstract: A salt reclamation system especially for use with molten salt baths used for treating articles by immersion of the articles in the bath and then withdrawal thereof, with resultant drag-out of salt. The salt removed from the bath on the surface of the articles is washed from the articles and the salt-laden wash water is returned to the surface of the molten salt bath, with consequent volatilization of the water, which is withdrawn or dissipated as steam, thereby returning the drag-out salt to the bath.

Abstract: A process for providing a thermal insulating cover of discrete particles for a container of fluids involves forming a plurality of hollow interior, discrete, ceramic particles, firing the particles at a temperature of at least 350.degree. C and then covering the heated liquid with at least a 1/8 inch thick layer of the fired particles. A potentially improved ceramic thermal insulating particle is also described and contains a hollow interior with a plurality of partitions.

Abstract: Elongated electrically-conductive workpieces such as bars, strips and wire, are resistance heated by passing an electric current through a length of the workpiece between a pair of spaced contacts. The contacts are electrically-conductive molten metal or molten salt, the molten material being continuously circulated to move it toward and into contact with the workpiece, so that it is not necessary to bend the workpiece to immerse it in a bath of molten material. The molten material is moved against the workpiece to form an extending portion of the molten material as a contact, by projecting it as a jet, pouring it as a stream, or causing it to flow over a subjacent supporting surface.

Abstract: A hot steel rod which issues from the last pass of a rod mill is coiled at a level above a bath of molten salt and successive coils are caused to descend in the bath toward a platform on which they accumulate to form a bundle. The coils are out of contact with each other during the initial stage of movement toward the platform for a period of time which is long enough to insure that their material undergoes desirable structural changes. The temperature of the bath is maintained within a predetermined range by an adjustable induction heater which surrounds the vessel for the bath and by circulating a stream of molten salt through one or more heat exchangers located outside of the vessel. The stream is withdrawn close to the bottom zone and is returned into the upper zone of the bath. Alternatively, the vessel may contain a mammoth pump which is operated by water and steam.

Abstract: Method of and plant for patenting steel wire bundles, according to which a cooling vat is heated by a heating fluid to a temperature of e.g. 500.degree. C considered as cooling temperature for patented steel wire bundles. Into this cooling vat is then introduced the steel wire bundle to be patented which in this way is pre-heated. The thus pre-heated steel wire bundle is subsequently introduced into a hot fluid containing heating vat where the wire bundle is heated to a patenting temperature of e.g. 900.degree. C. After the wire bundle has been patented in this heating vat, it is returned to the cooling vat where it is cooled to the cooling temperature prevailing therein while the cooling vat due to the absorption of heat from the wire bundle being cooled substantially maintains its cooling temperature from one cooling step to the next cooling step.

Abstract: The centrifuge consists of a hollow housing disposed wherein is a hollow bowl containing a hollow pusher whose side wall is formed by the side wall of the bowl. The hollow pusher is capable of reciprocating inside the bowl, being attached to the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder.Provided in the end face of the bowl is a loading port serving to admit metal into the pusher. The side wall of the bowl is provided with ports for discharging the products of refining separately. The housing is fitted with annular partitions and with a contrivance for feeding a coolant to the external surface of the bowl within a solid portion. The side wall of the housing is provided with ports for the discharging of the products of refining.The centrifuge is adapted for the refining of a metal heated up to around 1000.degree.C. The metal is cooled down during the centrifugation, and the fact enables consequent intensification of the process.