Abstract: The instant invention relates to a metallurgical furnace, comprising at least one upper stack (1), at least one lower stack (2), at least one fuel feeder positioned substantially between at least one upper stack (1) and the at least one lower stack (2), at least one row of tuyères (3, 4) positioned in at least one of the at least one upper stack (1) and at least one lower stack (2), the at least one row of tuyères (3, 4) providing a fluid communication between the inside of the furnace and the external environment, positioned in at least one of at least one upper stack (1) and at least one lower stack (2), and further comprising at least one permeabilizing fuel column fed through at least one hood (6), placed in the upper stack (1), which extends longitudinally through the furnace.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for refining iron from high-phosphorus content iron ores. The process involves mixing a high-phosphorus iron oxide ore and an alkaline solution of pH between about 12.5 and 13.5, screening the mixture by gravity to separate an alkaline-high-phosphorus solution from a low-phosphorus iron ore; and treating the low-phosphorus iron ore with lime and a natural gas.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling and removing metallic iron and other aggregate from a moving hearth is provided. Cooling may be provided by a secondary cooling system and a spray cooling system in a cooling zone. The secondary cooling system may include an arrangement of coolant tubes for absorbing heat. A flow of nitrogen may be provided through the cooling zone. The spray cooling system may provide evaporative cooling. Aggregate removal may be provided by a magnetic removal system, a plow system, and a sweeper system. The magnetic removal system uses a magnetic device and a moving belt to remove iron materials. The plow system uses a plow to separate and remove aggregate from the moving hearth. The sweeper system may use a vacuum device to pull materials from the moving hearth.

Abstract: In a martensitic stainless steel tube according to the present invention, the content is determined by each of elements C, Si, Mn and Cr, and the bubble content ratio is further prescribed in accordance with the scale thickness on the outer surface of the steel tube, so that defects can be detected with high precision in the non-destructive inspection, such as ultrasonic test or the like. This allows the non-destructive inspection to be carried out with high efficiency. Moreover, there is another advantage that the weather resistance can be enhanced. The steel tube according to the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof can be suitably used in all of the technical fields in which a martensitic stainless steel tube having equal chemical composition is treated.

Abstract: Direct smelting plant for Producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material induces a smelting vessel 11 to hold a molten metal and slag bath beneath a hot gas space. Solids injection lances 27 extend downwardly and inwardly through side walls of the vessel and hot oxidising gas is directed downwardly into the gas space by a central vertical gas injection lance 26. The plant layout is divided into four functional zones spaced circumferentially around vessel 11 and radiating outwardly from the vessel. Zone 1 contains an overhead hot gas delivery duct 31 supplying gas to lance 26 and an offgas duct 32; Zone 2 contains a forehearth 19 and forehearth tapping launder 34; Zone 3 contains slag notches 45 and slag launders 46; and Zone 4 contains a primary slag drain taphole and launder 48. This layout minimises the potential for interference between the transport of the hot gases, the metaliferous feed material, and the molten metal and slag.

Abstract: In order to attain as low a final temperature as possible after as short a period of time as possible in a method of cooling hot briquetted sponge iron (3) under optimum utilization of the cooling medium, the hot briquetted sponge iron (3), in a first cooling step (11), is passed exclusively by a gaseous cooling medium while being gently cooled and subsequently, in a second cooling step (14), is sprayed with a liquid cooling medium, thus being intensively cooled to the final temperature desired.

Abstract: Heat is generated by combustion of coal or like carbonaceous fuel reactant dissolved in molten salt. The generated heat is transferred to steam by an alternating sequence of direct contact heat exchanges of the salt and steam with a common heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A column of hot, particulate char from a shaft furnace is moistened with quench water as it moves downwardly into a vessel which it fills and forms a pile. The material in the pile is shifted from a central core at the base of the column to a zone which surrounds the sides and bottom of the column by material flowing from the lower portion of the column; and steam is exhausted from the upper portion of the vessel.

Abstract: Magnesium metal is made by injecting sodium metal beneath the surface of a magma of MgCl.sub.2 and withdrawing molten magnesium metal from the magma surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous passivation of hot sponge iron material consists of a feeder, a roll compactor for forming a high density continuous elongated mass, and longitudinal and transverse shearing devices, along with the requisite control and transporting mechanisms.