Abstract: An apparatus, and method of operating the apparatus, wherein a feed material is converted into a glassified condition for subsequent use or disposal. The apparatus is particularly useful for disposal of hazardous or noxious waste materials which are otherwise either difficult or expensive to dispose of. The apparatus is preferably constructed by excavating a melt zone in a quantity of soil or rock, and lining the melt zone with a back fill material if refractory properties are needed. The feed material is fed into the melt zone and, preferably, combusted to an ash, whereupon the heat of combustion is used to melt the ash to a molten condition. Electrodes may be used to maintain the molten feed material in a molten condition, and to maintain homogeneity of the molten materials.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling drive or operation of a quenching car and/or a bucket car for a coke oven and a method therefor, capable of effectively accomplishing the automatic control of the operation of the quenching car/bucket car. A quenching car/bucket car is adapted to travel on a track due to traction by a wire rope through a winch structure, to thereby reduce the load of the quenching car/bucket car applied to the track surface to prevent positional variations on the track surface. This results in the relative positional relationship of the track surface to a quenching tower, a coke wharf/CDQ and the like being ensured.

Abstract: In a smelting plant including two melting furnaces which are arranged in juxtaposed relationship and which are operated alternately, wherein the furnace gases which are produced in the melting process are respectively introduced into the other melting furnace for the purposes of preheating the charging material, associated with each melting furnace is a shaft which is loaded with charging material, and the waste gases from the furnace which is in the melting mode of operation are introduced from the shaft, after charging of the other furnace, through the cover of the other furnace, and are removed from the shaft thereof. That procedure, throughout the entire smelting operation, permits preheating of charging material and filtration of the furnace gases when they are passed through the charging material.

Abstract: A system for continuous smelting of sulfidic copper concentrate in which an oxygen flash furnace is operatively connected with a continuous converter and the continuous converter is operatively connected with a finishing furnace.

Abstract: An improved FIOR processing plant and method for reducing raw iron ore fines into a 90+% metallized briquette product utilizing a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor in which the reducing and fluidizing gases are the products of partial combustion of methane with oxygen, the gases being introduced into an intermediate zone of the reducing tower above the stage or stages where final metallization occurs. Said processing plant including an ore preparation and feed assembly, a mutli-stage reactor assembly, a briquetting assembly, a recycle and fresh reducing gas assembly, and, a heat recuperation assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning refractory-lined conveyor troughs for conveying molten metals and slags has a rail-guided carriage that extends across the trough and travels along the length of the trough, with a cleaning head supported by the carriage. Two wheels on the carriage travel along a guide rail on one side of the trough while a non-powered idler roller on the carraige travels along the other side. Lateral, opposed, rotatable guide rollers are provided on each side of the guide rail adjacent each wheel. Metal plates are situated in the floor beneath the guide rail, while small plates and/or shims are provided to compensate for irregularities between the guide rail and the metal plates.

Abstract: Steel casting ladles present at different locations are supplied alternately with one heating system for all of the steel casting ladles. The heating system including current bearing heating cables is arranged on a wheelable platform which in turn is present on a swivel stage. For supplying the ladles the rotary motion of the swivel stage is combined with the to-and-fro motion of the wheelable platform.

Abstract: There is described a mill for the production of steel from liquid and solid charging substances. It includes a coking plant, a blast furnace plant, a converter steelworks, and a plant for the direct reduction of iron ore. The converter steelworks is charged with molten pig iron from the blast furnace and with scrap as well as with sponge iron from the direct reduction plant. The reduction gas is composed of converter offgas, top gas and blast furnace gas. In order to avoid coal deposits in the direct reduction plant and to improve the composition of the reduction gas, the coke oven gas component is subjected to fractionation by alternating pressure adsorption so as to increase its portion of hydrogen and to lower its portion of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: In operating a mill including a blast furnace and a steel converter, it is difficult to mutually adapt the operations of the blast furnace and of the converter in a flexible way. When using scrap as a coolant in the refining process, undesired accompanying elements are introduced into the metal melt.The invention consists in that, instead of a blast furnace, a direct reduction plant in combination with a meltdown gasifier are provided as the pig iron source. This aggregate is operated in combination with a single steel converter. The direct reduction plant, on its discharge side, is connected both with the meltdown gasifier and with the steel converter via sponge iron transporting devices. The meltdown gasifier communicates with the steel converter via a transport line for molten pig iron. As the solid charge in the refining process sponge iron is exclusively used.

Abstract: A ladle slagging stand includes a tilting arrangement supporting a ladle, a slag vessel, and a slagging slide scumming the surface of the melt in the ladle placed on the tilting arrangement. In order to be able to seize all the gas and dust emissions forming during the slagging procedure, both the tilting means and the slagging slide, and the slag vessel are surrounded by a casing into which a suction duct enters. The casing includes at least one closable opening for introducing and removing the ladle and the slag vessel.

Abstract: In order to ensure that flue gases will not escape from an enclosure (1) which contains a metallurgical vessel (2) as charging boxes (10) are moved into and out of the enclosure, the charging crane (14) is disposed inside the enclosure (1) and the enclosure contains at least one lock chamber (11), which is adapted to contain a charging box (10) in a stand-by position and which adjoins a charging opening (9) that is formed in a side wall (5) of the enclosure. A top wall of the lock chamber is formed with an opening (12), which is adapted to be closed and through which a charging box can be moved between the lock chamber and the main part of the interior of the enclosure.

Abstract: A method for producing raw iron from iron-bearing oxidic material, comprising finally reducing the iron oxide by charging the iron oxide, coal, oxygen gas and slag-forming flux to a molten iron bath contained in at least one reactor vessel, a final reduction reactor (2) for final reduction of the iron oxide, and pre-reducing primarily non-reduced iron oxide in a pre-reduction stage (1), and subsequently charging the pre-reduced iron oxide to the reactor, and generating reduction gas (17) for the aforesaid pre-reduction process. The method is particularly characterized in that reduction gas for the pre-reduction process (1) is generated by a separate gas generating process (3) effected in at least one reactor (3), a gas generating reactor, separate from the final reduction reactor or reactors (2). The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A device for changing tap runners in shaft furnaces includes tap runners which have linings subject to wear and therefore such runners must be repaired regularly. Transport of the runner requires a considerable crane capacity with correspondingly heavy building construction. The device according to the invention permits transport of the tap runner without a casting room crane. Instead, the tap runner is raised or lowered between the mill floor, or another level, and a tapping platform by means of hydraulically driven traction elements taking support on runner supports arranged at tapping platform level.

Abstract: When operating mills including a coling plant, a blast furnace arrangement and a converter steelworks, large amounts of partially high-grade so-called cupola gases, such as coke oven gas and converter exhaust gases, form, which cupola gases, so far. In order to render these cupola gases utilizable at a better efficiency, thus reducing the specific energy consumption per ton of crude steel produced, and in order to be less dependent on external scrap, a plant for directly reducing iron ore is additionally adjoined to the mill. The ducts for the exhaust gas from the converters and the coke oven gas ducts from the coking plant are connected to a reformer to produce reducing gas substantially containing CO and H. The reformer is connected with the direct reduction plant via a reducing gas duct.

Abstract: A method of making steel in several stages under a reaction slag and accompanied by addition of oxygen carriers involving the moving of a metallurigical vessel along at least one line along which each step of a plurality of metallurigical process steps is carried out.

Abstract: A metallurgical plant comprises a tiltable metallurgical vessel (1) and an enclosure surrounding said vessel. The vessel is provided with a cover (6), which is adapted to be lifted and to be horizontally pivotally moved away from the vessel (1) so as to permit the vessel to be charged by means of a charging box (5), which is suspended from a charging crane disposed outside the enclosure. To simplify the access to the metallurgical vessel (1) and substantially to prevent or minimize an escape of flue gas from the enclosure, a charging opening (8) which is adapted to be closed, is formed in the enclosure in a side wall (2) thereof which extends transversely to the horizontal axis about which the vessel (1) is tiltable, and the enclosure is formed in its top wall (4) with a top wall opening (11), which opens into the charging opening (8) and extends from the latter in the direction of said horizontal axis and is adapted to receive the crane ropes (10).

Abstract: A ladle stand for treating molten metal includes a vertically liftable and lowerable lance carrying car arranged above a ladle placed in the treatment position. On the car, a reservoir for a treating agent is arranged and adapted to communicate with a cavity of the lance. The lance carrying car is movable to a lance exchange station laterally of the deposited ladle. In order to move the lance carrying car between the deposited ladle and the lance exchange station in a simple manner and with rather low structural expenditures, by ensuring a troublefree lance exchange without manual operations, a stationary vertical rail guide for the lance carrying car is each provided above the ladle placed in the treatment position and above the lance exchange station. A carriage accommodating the lance carrying car is displaceable between the upper ends of the two rail guides. The lance carrying car is equipped with a lance manipulator to hold and release a lance.

Abstract: There is disclosed an installation with a refractorily lined metallurgical vessel. The vessel, on its upper end, is provided with a mouth that is connectable to a chimney arranged at a distance above the mouth, by a hood insertable between the mouth and the chimney. In order to provide an installation with which the lining team is not jeopardized and by which it is possible to introduce the lining material into the metallurgical vessel in a simple and time-saving manner, a container is introduceable into the space present between the mouth and the chimney after the removal of the hood. The container covers the chimney downwardly and includes at least one closeable bottom opening. The carrying means for introducing the container is equipped with at least one hoist displaceable from laterally beside the mouth of the vessel to above the mouth of the vessel.

Abstract: Scrap metal for steelmaking in a converter is preheated by a heating installation and subsequently charged into a charging trough. The preheating takes place in a separate furnace which is aligned parallel to the charging trough. The furnace can be brought to an emptying position in such a way that the preheated scrap can fall from the preheating furnace and still retain its orientation.

Abstract: Ore leaching structure including a base portion, a shelter portion, a transfer portion and a treatment portion; the base portion including a peripheral concrete foundation, concrete wall sections extending upwardly therefrom, a concrete floor section extending between the wall sections, the floor section including at least one drain opening adjacent one wall section, the floor section being sloped from the other of the wall sections toward the drain opening; the shelter portion including vertical sections extending upwardly from the wall sections, the vertical sections and the wall sections together forming the sidewalls of the structure, a roof section extending between and joining the upper edges of the sidewalls; the transfer portion including a first group of doorways in a sidewall adjoining the sidewall along which the drain opening is located, the doorways being spaced along the length of the sidewall, a second group of doorways along a sidewall opposite to the first group of doorways, the doorways of t

Abstract: A carrying tower for a metallurgical vessel includes at least one carrying arm cantilevering from a non-rotatable carrying column and pivotable about the carrying column, which carrying arm carries at least one metallurgical vessel. A pivot bearing is provided between the carrying arm and the carrying column. In order to enable a simple check, maintenance and a quick removal of the pivot bearing with the carrying arm remaining on the carrying tower, a single pivot bearing accommodating axial and radial forces as well as tilting moments, with a lower-side shoulder of a first bearing race, rests on a supporting surface arranged on the upper end of the carrying column. The carrying arm is mounted so as to be suspended on a second bearing race of the pivot bearing.

Abstract: A method of treating, in a vertical grate furnace, raw materials in an iron reduction process is disclosed. The raw materials are fed onto a grate-containing section which is separated from at least one other section of the grate furnace. Subsequently, the grate-containing section is attached to the other section or sections by moving the other section or sections upwardly or downwardly so as to achieve and maintain gastight conditions between the grate-containing section and the other section(s). The raw materials then undergo preliminary heat treatment in the grate furnace. Finally, the grate is tilted to discharge the treated materials from the grate furnace through an outlet provided on the side wall of the furnace.

Abstract: A sound and dust insulating wall separates the furnace hall from the casting hall in a metallurgical mill. In order to allow the transport of an overhead crane from one hall to the other, an upper wall portion of the separating wall pivots out of the way. The wall portion comprises frame elements and a plurality of relatively thin overlapping slats. The wall portion is opened by pivoting the frame elements about a horizontally extending hinge. The slats, secured to the frame elements by hinges, also pivot, so that the slats only block the now opened crane passageway by not more than the width of one individual slat.

Abstract: To save space in furnace installations and obtain an optimum continuous charging, an arrangement is disclosed in which electric smelting furnaces are arranged in a furnace bay unilaterally, close to the adjacent ladle bay and the associated charging equipment and bins are provided sequentially in a vertical zone between the crane runways of the two bays. Bins are filled with iron material, such as iron sponge, alloying mechanisms, and fluxing substances by a conveyor traveling thereabove. The contents of bins are delivered through conveying and metering devices which are provided between crane runways to a reversible conveyor extending at a lower level and equipped with discharge mechanisms and fed through a charging tube 1 into electric furnace. A traveling metering device is provided for adding alloying into the furnace, and fluxing material for subsequent treatment in the ladle, through charging tube. A housing encloses the furnace on all sides, to prevent emissions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a shroud for a steel making electric-arc furnace which surrounds the electric-arc furnace main body for sound- and dust-proofing, having doors provided in the side wall of the shroud to permit the scrap bucket to move in and out of the shroud and an opening of a minimum width in the suction port of a dust collecting suction duct on the top wall to permit transverse movement of the bucket lifting means to the center of the electric-arc furnace main body.

Abstract: In a steel manufacturing mill, two opposed furnaces are provided with a turntable located between the furnaces. The turntable supports and rotates casting ladles which are filled from the output of the furnaces. The present disclosure is specifically related to the provision of a hoisting crane in the furnace area which has its longitudinal axis in a vertical plane passing through the central axis of the two furnaces.

Abstract: A vacuum degassing apparatus has first and second degassing vessels each separately mounted for independent horizontal movement from a first operative position to a second repair position. In addition, each vessel is independently mounted for vertical movement in each position so that a pair of nozzles extending from its lower end to be immersed into a ladle of hot metal when the vessel is at its operative position whereby a degassing operation may be performed. Also, when the vessel is in its repair position, it may be lowered to permit repair or replacement of the nozzles or the vessel bottom as may be required. A vacuum conduit is pivotally connected to each vessel and to a fixed vacuum conduit to maintain the vacuum connection while the vessel is being moved into and out of its various positions.

Abstract: A mill layout operating apparatus system and procedure for maximizing the recovery of exhaust or effluent gases from an electric arc metal refining or melting furnace is provided that makes use of a longitudinally extending scrap preheating bucket station providing ductway pad. The pad extends at its end to provide a down-positioned scrap loading station for each bucket immediately after its preheated content has been fed into the furnace preliminary to a second melting operation. At the same time, scrap buckets are positioned along the parallel stations of the ductway pad to preheat their scrap loads with the effluent or exhaust gas issuing from a smoke chest of the furnace and as generated by a preceding melting-down operation. The number of or capacities of the preheating buckets to be positioned on the ductway pad is proportioned to the amount of charge required for each furnace melting-down operation.

Abstract: A shaft furnace for recycling non-ferrous metals is provided with a crane runway extending horizontally above the furnace opening, on which a movable carrier transports sorting containers to the furnace. The carrier is provided with a lifting and gripping mechanism for moving and transporting the sorting containers.The shaft furnace is provided with a plurality of individually sealable lock chambers which are locked and sealed from the furnace and the outside atmosphere by selectively opening or closing flaps. In addition, a good seal is provided between the sorting container and the shaft furnace by a sealing surface formed by a metal strip which is located opposite the sealing edge of the sorting container.

Abstract: A method and installation is disclosed for the replacement of a bottom closure of a track-mounted pugh-type transfer ladle having a transfer container supported by two longitudinally spaced-apart bogies which are pivotally attached to the transfer container for swinging movement about a vertical axis, the transfer container having a removable bottom closure located between said bogies. The ladle is moved longitudinally of itself and the two bogies are directed on to different tracks which are spaced from each other to thereby swing the bogies relative to the transfer container and increase the longitudinal space between the bogies; and thereafter the closure is replaced from below through the resulting increased space.

Abstract: A heat-treating apparatus for practicing a method in which when red-hot iron pipes produced by a centrifugal casting machine are cooled, the pipes are slowly cooled over the temperature range of 800.degree. to 700.degree. C. to ferritize the pipes without separately annealing the pipes. A heat-treating furnace disposed close to one end of the rotary mold of the casting machine has furnace chambers each provided with pairs of rotatable rollers for supporting the pipe in rotation to prevent the deformation of the pipe. Each of the chambers has heating burners or a cooling heat exchanger for adjusting the temperature and cooling speed of the pipe placed in the chamber. According to a preferred embodiment, the furnace chambers are separated by openable partition members of circular-arc section, and each of the chambers has turnable levers for transferring the pipe to another chamber adjacent thereto.

Abstract: A device for longitudinal cutting cast strands is disclosed. Disclosed is a means for transversely severing a strand into slabs, feeding the slabs selectively to a plurality of longitudinal cutting means and longitudinally cutting said slabs therein. Also disclosed is a novel longitudinal cutting means comprising a flame cutter and a cutting point opening in registry therewith.

Abstract: A filling stand arrangement for a metallurgical ladle with a ladle mouth, has at least one delivery device for molten metal and a hood covering the mouth of the metallurgical ladle, which hood has at least one recess for pouring in the molten metal. An exhaust conduit means, to which the hood is connected, is provided along with a flue dome located above the at least one delivery device. The flue dome is also connected to the exhaust conduit means and covers the delivery device and the at least one recess of the hood.

Abstract: A method and means for handling molten slag from a metallurgical furnace to recover waste heat from the molten slag and molten iron entrained in the slag. The waste heat of the slag is channeled to a heat utilizing device such as a steam generator or water heater, the molten iron is collected for return to steel making shops for further processing and the cooled and solidified slag is recovered for conventional slag processing.

Abstract: A flame cutting layout comprising at least two parallel processing lines each having longitudinally guided support frames for moving workpieces from loading to burning to unloading stations. A stationary bridge spanning both lines guides and supports at least one cutting torch over the burning station in either processing line. A controller, such as a numerical tape controller, simultaneously controls the longitudinal movement of the support frames and transverse movement of the torch to enable a workpiece to be cut in a desired pattern at the burning station in either processing line.

Abstract: An open-topped vessel for converting molten ferrous metal to steel is pivotal about a horizontal axis and has bottom tuyeres for blowing oxygen or other gases upwardly through molten metal. An enclosure at least partially surrounds the vessel and cooperates with a smoke hood to prevent the escape of pollutants when the vessel is in its vertical position. A pair of access doors are provided for closing an opening provided in the enclosure laterally of the vessel tilt axis. The doors are mounted for movement in opposite directions on roller support means external of the enclosure and an auxiliary smoke hood is mounted in the enclosure above the opening for capturing pollutants when the vessel is tilted toward said opening for being charged.

Abstract: An open-topped vessel for converting molten ferrous metal to steel is pivotal about a horizontal axis and has bottom tuyeres for blowing oxygen or other gases upwardly through molten metal. An enclosure at least partially surrounds the vessel and cooperates with a smoke hood to prevent the escape of pollutants when the vessel is in its vertical position. A pair of access doors are provided for closing an opening provided in the enclosure laterally of the vessel tilt axis and are mounted for movement in opposite directions. An auxiliary smoke hood is mounted in the enclosure above the opening for capturing pollutants when the vessel is tilted toward said opening for being charged. The inner surface of the doors are formed of a plurality of self-mounted cast iron plates.

Abstract: A plant for refining molten pig iron has a converter surrounded by a carrying ring which is tiltable about a horizontal axis by oppositely arranged carrying trunnions and at least one water-cooled hook-shaped blowing lance which looks like an inverted U. The lance is liftably and lowerably arranged on a vertically stationary, but horizontally rotatable, vertical lance guide located at a position lateral of the converter and outside its tilting area. At least one lance car guides the water-cooled lance on the vertically stationary lance guide.

Abstract: A method and system for processing molten slag is characterized in that molten slag is first spread onto a slag receiving means which is substantially made of a steel plate of desired thickness and is tiltably mounted on the floor of a roofed slag processing factory and is subsequently air and water-cooled such that the slag is solidified and finally is water-quenched in a cooling water pit whereby the resulting solidified slag is of practical use which neither collapses nor produces dust.

Abstract: A pair of metallurgical vessels are each coupled by a gas collecting hood having a movable skirt to a gas cleaning system which includes an exhaust fan and a quencher and scrubber each having flow varying means. Each vessel is surrounded by an enclosure having an access door toward which the open upper end of the vessel may be tilted for receiving a metal charge. A secondary gas collecting hood is disposed in each enclosure above the access door for creating an indraft when the door is open. A valve system permits the selective connection of the secondary hood of one enclosure to the fan of the other to increase the indraft during furnace charging, sampling and pouring.

Abstract: The improvement in method and apparatus for basic oxygen steel making employing the off-gas principle for pre-heating purposes. This improvement involves the directing of the off-gas from a first furnace during refining to a second furnace, and burning said off-gas within the second furnace efficiently in order to preheat scrap and/or iron pellets in order to decrease the charge of molten pig iron and increase the solid charge. At the conclusion of the refining portion of the cycle, said first furnace is emptied of its steel and the cold charge is introduced into it while molten pig iron is charged into said second furnace on top of the pre-heated scrap. The cycle is then reversed by refining in said second furnace and directing said off-gas to said first furnace where it is mixed with oxygen or air and burnt within it to provide energy for the pre-heat. The method and apparatus provide for the protection of the lining and gives consideration to maintenance and pollution control.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a multiple-plant gas-producing facility which is subject to wide variations in the demand for its output. The invention is particularly applicable to an oxygen-producing facility for a steelmaking operation in which there are two independently operable oxygen-producing plants. It is impractical to shut down an oxygen-producing plant when its output temporarily is not needed. During periods of reduced demand conventional practice is to operate one plant at its normal rate to supply the needed oxygen and operate the other plant at a reduced rate and waste excess oxygen which cannot be liquefied and stored. The invention provides a way of combining the outputs of two plants, whereby both plants can operate at reduced rates during periods of reduced demand, and large scale waste is avoided.

Abstract: An open topped vessel for converting molten ferrous metal to steel is pivotal about a horizontal axis and has bottom tuyeres for blowing oxygen or other gases upwardly through molten metal contained therein. An enclosure at least partially surrounds the vessel and cooperates with a smoke hood to prevent the escape of pollutants when the vessel is in a generally vertical gas blowing position. The vessel is pivotable about a horizontal axis to position its open top adjacent an access door in the enclosure whereby the vessel may be charged with hot metal from a ladle or with scrap from a charging chute. A pair of bumpers are positioned adjacent the access door support beams to prevent damage thereto by the charging apparatus.