Abstract: Disclosed is a high-temperature flue gas recovery apparatus for a melting furnace, which relates to copper production, including a preheating chamber and a feeding mechanism, a lower end of the preheating chamber being in communication with a feeding port of the melting furnace, the feeding mechanism being disposed above the preheating chamber to deliver feedstock into the preheating chamber, a plurality of layers of buffer mechanisms layered in an upper-lower manner being provided in the preheating chamber, each layer of the buffer mechanism including a buffer element and a drive element, the drive element driving the corresponding buffer element to move such that the feedstock on the buffer element of an upper-layer buffer mechanism falls onto the buffer element of a lower-layer buffer mechanism, a gap allowing a gas to pass through being provided between the buffer mechanisms and an inner wall of the preheating chamber.

Abstract: A sintering furnace with a first zone, in particular a burn-off zone, and a second zone, in particular a sintering zone, and also a transitional zone arranged between the first zone and the second zone. The sintering furnace has at least one transporting mechanism for transporting bodies to be sintered on a transporting area. With this transporting mechanism, the bodies to be sintered can be transported from the first zone and through the transitional zone to the second zone. The sintering furnace also has at least one gas removal device with at least one gas removal device opening. Here, the gas removal device opening is at least partially arranged in the region of the transitional zone. Furthermore, a method by means of which gases can be removed from a sintering furnace is claimed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a burning apparatus and a method for manufacturing reduced iron using the same, and more particularly, to a burning apparatus heating a coal briquette to manufacture reduced iron, which includes a first burning furnace heating the coal briquette while moving the truck accommodating the coal briquette along a linear movement path; a second burning furnace connected to the other side of the first burning furnace, and heating the coal briquette while moving the coal briquette discharged from the truck along an annular path; and a cooling device connected to the second burning furnace, and cooling the reduced iron while moving reduced iron reduced in the second burning furnace along an annular path. The burning apparatus circulates exhaust gases generated in the burning furnace and cooling device to control a temperature and an oxygen concentration and thus improves a metallization rate of the reduced iron.

Abstract: A method of ironmaking using full-oxygen hydrogen-rich gas which includes hot transferring and hot charging the high-temperature coke, sinter and pellet into the ironmaking furnace through transferring and charging device, and injecting oxygen and hydrogen-rich combustible gas at a predetermined temperature into the ironmaking furnace through the oxygen tuyere and the gas tuyere disposed at the ironmaking furnace, respectively. It also provides an apparatus for ironmaking using full-oxygen hydrogen-rich gas which includes a raw material system, a furnace roof gas system, a coke oven gas injecting system, a dust injecting system, a slag dry-granulation and residual heat recovering system and an oxygen system. Additionally an apparatus and method for hot transferring and hot charging of ironmaking raw material is disclosed.

Abstract: A separation type metallurgical reduction method and an apparatus thereof. The separation type metallurgical reduction apparatus includes a reduction furnace and a multistage cooling device. By means of the separation type metallurgical reduction apparatus, the metallurgical reduction/smelting process and the cooling process are separately performed in different spaces at the same time to improve the operation of the conventional metallurgical reduction furnace within which the smelting process and the cooling process are totally limitedly performed. Accordingly, the shortcomings of too long waiting time, waste of great amount of energy and low yield rate that exist in the conventional metallurgical reduction furnace can be eliminated.

Abstract: A method of ironmaking using full-oxygen hydrogen-rich gas which includes hot transferring and hot charging the high-temperature coke, sinter and pellet into the ironmaking furnace through transferring and charging device, and injecting oxygen and hydrogen-rich combustible gas at a predetermined temperature into the ironmaking furnace through the oxygen tuyere and the gas tuyere disposed at the ironmaking furnace, respectively. It also provides an apparatus for ironmaking using full-oxygen hydrogen-rich gas which includes a raw material system, a furnace roof gas system, a coke oven gas injecting system, a dust injecting system, a slag dry-granulation and residual heat recovering system and an oxygen system. Additionally an apparatus and method for hot transferring and hot charging of ironmaking raw material is disclosed.

Abstract: An operation method of a flash smelting furnace includes blowing a gas for dispersing raw material and contributing to a reaction, from a lance at an upper portion of a shaft so that the gas forms a spiral flow. A raw material supply apparatus includes a supply portion supplying raw material and a gas for dispersing the raw material and contributing to a reaction into a flash smelting furnace, wherein the supply portion has a lance provided at an upper portion of a shaft that blows the gas so that the gas forms a spiral flow.

Abstract: A concentrate burner for feeding a pulverous concentrate mixture and reaction gas into a reaction shaft of a flash smelting furnace. The concentrate burner includes a feeder pipe for feeding a concentrate mixture into the reaction shaft and a dispersing device for directing dispersing gas to the concentrate mixture flowing around the dispersing device. For feeding the reaction gas into the reaction shaft, a gas supply device is provided which includes a reaction gas chamber for mixing the reaction gas with the concentrate mixture, and for directing the concentrate mixture to the side by the dispersing gas. The reaction gas chamber includes a turbulent flow chamber, to which an inlet channel opens tangentially for directing the reaction gas to the reaction gas chamber in a tangential direction. In the inlet channel, an adjusting member is arranged for adjusting the cross-sectional area of the reaction gas flow.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for direct smelting metalliferous material is disclosed. The invention concentrates injection of solid feed materials comprising metalliferous material and carbonaceous material into a direct smelting vessel during the course of the process into a relatively small region within a metal layer in a molten bath in the vessel in order to generate a substantial upward movement of molten material and gas from the metal layer into a region in the vessel that is above the molten bath. In particular, the invention injects the solid feed materials with sufficient momentum and/or velocity via an opposed pair of lances that are oriented within the vessel and arranged to form overlapping plumes of injected material in the molten bath.

Abstract: A thermal system for separating out co-mingled metals in almost pure form, the system including a tunnel kiln having temperature zones through which the co-mingled metals are conveyed and progressively heated until at least one metal of the co-mingled metals melts thereby separating the melted metal from the other metal or metals of the co-mingled metals. The system includes molten metal catch basins for collecting the melted metal which are arranged beneath a conveyor on which the co-mingled metals are transported within the kiln. The catch basins are tapped to the outside of the kiln so that as the various metals melt out at progressively higher temperatures, they can be collected into cast iron chills or other collection devices to form pure ingots.

Abstract: The countercurrent direct-heating-type heat exchanger that is able to suppress drift in the case when a fluid to be heated is supplied. The heat exchanger is equipped with a feed pipe, a feed nozzle, ring-like straightening plates and umbrella-type dispersing plates of the above fluid to be heated, characterized in that the above feed nozzle has the shape of a pipe having a circular cross section and the dimension satisfying the following formula (1) and formula (2): Ln/Dn?1??Formula (1) wherein, Ln indicates the length of the feed nozzle; and Dn indicates the inside diameter of the feed nozzle; and 1.5?Sp/Sn?2.0??Formula (2) wherein, Sp indicates the inner cross-sectional area of the feed pipe; and Sn indicates the inner cross-sectional area of the feed nozzle.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing lead and zinc from concentrates of zinc and lead sulfides or oxides, including: a source of zinc ore and/or lead ore concentrates, iron bearing and carbon containing materials; metallic iron fines and iron oxide fines; carbonaceous reductant; fluxing agent; and a binder; a mixer for forming a mixture from said concentrates and other materials; an agglomerator communicating with the mixer for forming agglomerates from the mixture; a melting furnace for melting the mixture and vaporizing lead and zinc; a pressure sealed feed system communicating with the agglomerator and the melting furnace for introducing agglomerates to the melting furnace; a pressure sealed chamber surrounding the melting furnace; a water-cooled condenser for receiving the vaporized metal and cooling and condensing the metal vapors to liquid metal; a tapping device communicating with the condenser for removing the liquid metal; and associated devices for separating the zinc and lead and recovering the lead and zinc me

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of manufacturing metal nanoparticles, and more particularly to an apparatus including: a precursor supplying part which supplies a precursor solution of metal nanoparticles; a first heating part which is connected with the precursor supplying part, includes a reactor channel having a diameter of 1 to 50 mm, and is heated to the temperature range where any particle is not produced; a second heating part which is connected with the first heating part, includes a reactor channel having a diameter of 1 to 50 mm, and is heated to the temperature range where particles are produced; and a cooler which is connected with the second heating part and collects and cools metal nanoparticles produced at the second heating part which allows continuous mass production of metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: A concentrate burner for feeding a pulverous concentrate mixture and reaction gas into the reaction shaft (1) of a flash smelting furnace. The concentrate burner includes a feeder pipe (2) for feeding the concentrate mixture into the reaction shaft (1), the orifice (3) of the feeder pipe opening to the reaction shaft, a dispersing device (4), which is arranged concentrically inside the feeder pipe (2) and which extends to a distance from the orifice inside the reaction shaft (1) for directing dispersing gas to the concentrate mixture flowing around the dispersing device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing molten irons by injecting fine carbonaceous materials into a melter-gasifier and a method for manufacturing molten irons using the same.

Abstract: A hearth furnace 10 for producing metallic iron material has a furnace housing 11 with a drying/preheat zone 12 capable of providing a drying/preheat atmosphere for reducible material, a conversion zone 13 capable of providing a reducing atmosphere for reducible material, a fusion zone 14 capable of providing an atmosphere to at least partially reduced metallic iron material, and optionally a cooling zone 15 capable of providing a cooling atmosphere for reduced material containing metallic iron material. A hearth 20 is movable within the furnace housing 11 in a direction through the drying/preheat zone 12, then the conversion zone 13, then the fusion zone 14, and then the cooling zone 15.

Abstract: A multiple moving hearth furnace (10) having a furnace housing (11) with at least two moving hearths (20) positioned laterally within the furnace housing, the hearths moving in opposite directions and each moving hearth (20) capable of being charged with at least one layer of iron oxide and carbon bearing material at one end, and being capable of discharging reduced material at the other end. A heat insulating partition (92) is positioned between adjacent moving hearths of at least portions of the conversion zones (13), and is capable of communicating gases between the atmospheres of the conversion zones of adjacent moving hearths. A drying/preheat zone (12), a conversion zone (13), and optionally a cooling zone (15) are sequentially positioned along each moving hearth (30) in the furnace housing (11).

Abstract: The countercurrent direct-heating-type heat exchanger that is able to suppress drift in the case when a fluid to be heated is supplied, to prevent local abrasion of the members and also to carry out efficient heat exchange. The countercurrent direct-heating-type heat exchanger equipped with a feed pipe, a feed nozzle, ring-like straightening plates and umbrella-type dispersing plates of the above fluid to be heated, characterized in that the above feed nozzle has the shape of a pipe having a circular cross section and the dimension satisfying the following formula (1) and formula (2): Ln/Dn?1 ??Formula (1) (wherein, Ln indicates the length of the feed nozzle; and Dn indicates the inside diameter of the feed nozzle) 1.5?Sp/Sn?2.0 ??Formula (2) (wherein, Sp indicates the inner cross-sectional area of the feed pipe; and Sn indicates the inner cross-sectional area of the feed nozzle).

Abstract: A hearth furnace 10 for producing metallic iron material has a furnace housing 11 having a drying/preheat zone 12, a conversion zone 13, a fusion zone 14, and optionally a cooling zone 15, the conversion zone 13 is between the drying/preheat zone 12 and the fusion zone 14. A moving hearth 20 is positioned within the furnace housing 11. A hood or separation barrier 30 within at least a portion of the conversion zone 13, fusion zone 14 or both separates the fusion zone 14 into an upper region and a lower region with the lower region adjacent the hearth 20 and the upper region adjacent the lower region and spaced from the hearth 20. An injector introduces a gaseous reductant into the lower region adjacent the hearth 20. A combustion region may be formed above the hood or separation barrier.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for carbothermically producing aluminum are disclosed. The systems may include a reactor and an electrical supply. The reactor may include a plurality of side-entering electrodes and a top-entering electrode. The electrical supply may be operable to supply multiphase current to the side-entering electrodes and/or the top-entering electrodes. The electrodes may be in communication with a molten bath of the reactor, and the multiphase current supplied thereto may be passed through the bath to heat the reactor. The amount of current supplied to various electrode sets may be adjusted to facilitate tailored heating of the molten bath.

Abstract: An improved blast furnace system for producing molten iron incorporating a preheater to heat the cold blast air used to temper the hot blast temperature is disclosed. The improved blast furnace system comprises a blast furnace, a hot blast main for conveying a supply of hot blast to the blast furnace, a plurality of stoves for heating a supply of cold blast and generating the hot blast, a cold blast main for conveying a supply of cold blast to the plurality of stoves, and at least one cold blast preheater for heating a portion of the cold blast, that has been diverted to the preheater, into heated air and the heated air is mixed with the hot blast to temper the hot blast temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products in a blast furnace, CO2 being substantially removed from at least a partial stream of a top gas emerging from a reduction shaft furnace (1), and this partial stream if appropriate being heated and being introduced into the blast furnace as reduction gas, and to a plant for carrying out this process, the top gas being introduced into the lower region of the blast-furnace shaft. This measure results in an improved energy balance and improved process management compared to the prior art.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for iron-making/steel-making using a modified rotary hearth furnace, that is a finisher-hearth-melter (FHM) furnace. In the method the refractory surface of the hearth is coated with carbonaceous hearth conditioners and refractory compounds, where onto said hearth is charged with pre-reduced metallized iron. The pre-reduced metallized iron is leveled, then heated until molten, and then reacted with the carbon and reducing gas burner gases until any residual iron oxide is converted to iron having a low sulfur content. Nascent slag separates from the molted iron forming carburized iron nuggets. The nuggets are cooled, and then the iron nuggets and the hearth conditioners, including the refractory compounds, are discharged onto a screen, which separate the iron nuggets from the hearth conditioner.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing molybdenum metal from a precursor material. An embodiment of the apparatus may comprise a furnace having at least two heating zones. A process tube extends through each of the at least two heating zones of the furnace, the process tube having a substantially constant pressure. The precursor material may be introduced into the process tube and moved through each of the at least two heating zones of the furnace. A process gas may be introduced into the process tube, wherein the precursor material reacts with the process gas within the furnace to form molybdenum metal.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing reduced iron, and a compact drying method for application to the apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a pelletizer or a briquetter for mixing and agglomerating coal as a reducing agent and iron ore as iron oxide to form compacts, a dryer for drying the compacts, a circular rotary hearth type reducing furnace for reducing the dried compacts in a high temperature atmosphere, a first heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between a hot off-gas discharged from the reducing furnace and combustion air to be supplied to the reducing furnace, and coolers for cooling the hot off-gas. A second heat exchanger for heating drying air is disposed on an exit side of the first heat exchanger. The drying air heated by the second heat exchanger is supplied to the dryer to dry the compacts with the drying air which is scant in moisture. Consequently, highly efficient, stable drying in the dryer can be performed, and high quality reduced iron can be produced stably.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method and an equipment for curing and drying self-reducing agglomerates containing cement as a binder in the presence of saturated vapor at a temperature from about 70 to about 110° C. and under atmospheric pressure. The treatment is performed in one single equipment.

Abstract: Apparatus for the direct reduction of mineral iron comprising a vertical reduction furnace (10) of the type with a gravitational load to achieve therein reduction reactions of the mineral iron, means (11) to feed the mineral iron into the furnace (10) from above, means to raise the temperature of a reducing gas, mixing means suitable to obtain a mixture of the reducing gas with at least a hydrocarbon, means to inject the mixture of high temperature gas, and means to remove (15) the reduced mineral from the lower part of the furnace (10), the furnace (10) being provided with at least two zones (12, 14), arranged vertically distanced, in each of which a mixture of high temperature gas is suitable to be introduced so as to achieve the reduction reactions in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A water cooled finger for a pre-heater of a furnace top holds metal materials of a required amount in a shaft installed at the furnace top for pre-heating metal materials by introducing exhaust gas at high temperature generated in the furnace into the shaft. The water cooled finger is formed of a pair of side aces, an upper plate and a lower plate. The upper plate is fixed to an upper plate of both of the side face portions. The lower plate is fixed to a lower plate of both of the side face portions. The water cooled finger is formed to be hollow as a whole by the side face, the upper plate and the lower plate. The water cooled finger satisfies at least one of the conditions of (A) a thickness of the upper plate is thicker than that of said lower plate, (B) the lower plate is formed to be R-bending processed portions at both ends thereof, and(C) the lower plate is curved outside.

Abstract: Apparatus for preheating self-reducing pellets for direct use in ironmaking or steelmaking in which a preheat chamber contains the pellets and is primarily externally heated using waste exhaust gases and secondarily heated directly by using an internal preheat burner. The preheat chamber gases are vented into the external heating chamber where any CO present is post-combusted to produce CO.sub.2 with the energy from the post-combustion used to contribute to external heating of the preheat chamber.

Abstract: In a charging material preheater for a metallurgical smelting plant having a shaft (5) which has closure members (7, 8) which are pivotable by a control member (6) and which include fingers (9, 10) which are arranged parallel and at a spacing relative to each other, the fingers (9, 10) of a closure member (7, 8) are mounted with a central portion in a first rotary mounting (12, 13) and in a second rotary mounting (21, 22) of the frame structure (2) with an outer portion which is passed outwardly through an opening (14, 15) in the shaft wall, by way of an elbow lever mechanism (16, 17), and lever arms (18, 19) of at least two elbow lever mechanisms are connected together by a connecting member (23) which is pivotably engaged by a control member (6) which is supported in a third rotary mounting (26, 27) of the frame structure (2).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for smelting reduction of ores or pre-reduced metal carriers in the form of an emulsion composed of slag, liquid metal and floating coke particles which pass from a smelting reduction reactor to a separate settling tank through a connection conduit. At least one lance is provided for blowing a "hard" stream of oxygen into the settling tank while a second lance is provided for blowing a relatively "soft" stream of oxygen into the settling tank. The relatively softly blown stream of oxygen sufficiently increases the volume of gas in the settling tank beyond that resulting from the hard oxygen stream alone so as to drive back coke particles floating on the emulsion from the settling tank to the smelting reduction reactor through the connection conduit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas phase reactor for producing finely divided metal and/or ceramic powder and comprising a gas preheater, a gas-introducing part, a flow-shaping part, a reaction tube and a product discharge device.

Abstract: Prereduced iron oxides are supplied to a smelting vessel (1) for the production of iron or steel by directing a hot reducing offgas from the vessel (1) into a vertical riser duct (8) without substantial cooling of the offgas and by way of inlet (16), particulate iron oxide containing material is entrained in the hot reducing offgas as the gas is conveyed upwardly through the duct (8). The hot gas heats the entrained material to a temperature at which partial reduction of the iron oxide occurs, the hot gas thereby losing sensible heat. Additional materials may be introduced to the duct (8) for entrainment in the gas. Particulate material is separated in a cyclone (9) from the gas and the separated partially reduced material is introduced to the smelting vessel by way of passage (12).

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for smelting reduction of iron ore which contains (1) at least one preheat and prereduction furnace which preheats and prereduces iron ore to a prereduction degree of less than 30%; (2) a smelting reduction furnace into which the preheated and prereduced iron ore, carbonaceous material and flux are charged and in which the preheated and prereduced iron ore is reduced; and (3) a top blow oxygen lance having first nozzles for decarburization and second nozzles for post-combustion, oxygen gas being blown through the first nozzles and the second nozzles into the smelting reduction furnace. At least one side tuyere is placed in a side wall of the smelting reduction furnace and at least one bottom tuyere is placed in a bottom wall of the smelting reduction furnace for blowing a stirring gas through the at least one side tuyere and the at least one bottom tuyere into the smelting reduction furnace.

Abstract: A smelting reduction process is carried out in a smelting reactor which includes a central internal carburization/combustion plenum or chamber in which hot metal is carburized by the injection of coal fines and heated by post combustion of the coal gases. The chamber has outlets to the first zone of an outer coaxial annular channel where the coal slag is separated off and a carburized hot metal passes into a second zone or smelting channel-chamber that permits introduction of feed material into a molten metal. A majority of the material that passes through the smelting channel-chamber is recycled to the internal carburization/combustion chamber for further processing. The internal carburization/combustion chamber and the smelting channel are completely separate so that the slag and the off gases from the two processes can be kept separate as well. The channel is positioned around the circumference of the internal carburization/combustion chamber where active heating occurs to form a compact reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for smelting reduction comprising a preheat and prereduction furnace for preheating and prereducing iron ores; a smelting reduction furnace into which iron ores, carbonaceous material and fluxing material are charged and in which the iron ores are smelted and reduced; a top-blow oxygen lance through which oxygen gas is blown into the smelting reduction furnace, having decarbonizing nozzles and post combustion nozzles; and the smelting reduction furnace having bottom and side tuyeres built respectively in a side wall and a bottom thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging a melting gasifier (2) with gasification media and with sponge iron discharged from a direct reduction shaft furnace (1) arranged above the melting gasifier is described. This comprises inlets and outlets in the lower part of the shaft furnace, connecting lines (4) in the form of downcomers between the shaft furnace and the gasifier in the upper region of the latter, symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the shaft furnace and/or the gasifier and discharge means (7) for the sponge iron, such as screw conveyors or the like aligned radially to said longitudinal axis. The connecting lines at least approximately vertically issue into the lowermost, substantially horizontal base region of the shaft furnace. The discharge means are arranged at the melting gasifier inlets (9) in the discharge direction behind the connecting lines and the gasification medium inlet (3) is located in the longitudinal axis of the melting gasifier immediately adjacent to the sponge iron inlets.

Abstract: A charging material preheater for preheating the charging material for a metallurgical smelting unit comprising a container for accommodating the charging material to be preheated, which is provided at the bottom with a grid comprising individual mutually spaced-apart grid bars which are passed outwardly through passage openings in the wall of the container and which are mounted in groups in support beams which are movable by an actuating means between a closed position in which the grid bars project into the interior of the container and a release position in which the grid bars are withdrawn from the interior of the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for the direct reduction of sulphurous iron ores with a shaft furnace, in which the ore is reduced in counterflow to the reducing gas is described, the waste gas being subdivided into two streams folllowing the furnace. One stream heats and desulphurizes the ore located above the shaft furnace in an ore bunker and is then supplied to the gas converter for heating purposes. The other stream, together with hydrocarbons, is supplied to a catalytic gas converter for producing reducing gas. The ore bunker is positioned above the shaft furnace and the ore outlet of the ore bunker is connected via downcomers with the ore inlet of the shaft furnace.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for pyrometallurgically treating finely divided ores, concentrates, residues, slags and like materials. The process utilizes a reactor having two co-axially extending, vertical reaction chambers. The process comprises forming within the upper chamber of the reactor hot fuel-rich reaction gases; passing the hot fuel-rich reaction gases by dump flow into a second vertically extending chamber; introducing into the second chamber the finely divided materials to be treated; and reacting the finely divided materials with the hot fuel-rich reaction gases. The dump flow of hot fuel-rich reaction gases passing into the second chamber is produced by providing a zone of sudden expansion in the flow passage between the first and second chambers.

Abstract: A metal melting furnace equipped with a preheating tower having a plurality of fork-shaped shelf-plates extending into the inside thereof, comprising a gas mixing chamber provided in the lower end portion of the tower, communicating with the upper portion of the melting furnace, a duct for circulating combustion exhaust gas from the top portion of the tower into the gas mixing chamber, a damper arranged in the duct for controlling the amount of the combustion exhaust gas circulated into the gas mixing chamber, and a plurality of nozzles connected to the duct and opening into the gas mixing chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous preheating of charge materials for an electric steelmaking furnace operation including provision for preheating with both off-gas from the furnace and burners in the preheating chamber. Seals are provided to prevent uncontrolled escape of gases from the chamber, and cooling air is also heated for use elsewhere. The invention contributes to the process of continuous steelmaking, including charging and tapping while maintaining full electric power, and having good control over both quality and product chemistry.

Abstract: The installation permits continuous charging of solid material (2) such as steel scrap into a reaction vessel (1) such as a converter for steel manufacture, the steel scrap being heated by heat exchange with the gases (G) emitted from the converter. To this end, the scrap (2) is fed into a compartment (3) provided with a discharge opening placed above the mouth (6) of the converter (1) from which the hot gases (G) are emitted, the scrap (2) is displaced towards the discharge opening (5) and the hot gases (G) are aspirated so as to circulate through the scrap (2) in countercurrent flow with respect to the direction of displacement (D) of the scrap.

Abstract: An apparatus for preheating granular ore includes a shaft defined by vertical walls, an inlet chute disposed above the shaft for introducing the ore thereinto by gravity, an ore discharge collector situated underneath the shaft for receiving preheated ore therefrom, and an arrangement for passing heating gases upwardly in the shaft. The discharge collector has vertical side walls and further, there is provided an insert situated in the discharge collector and extending generally horizontally thereacross. The insert has a downwardly widening configuration. A discharge device is disposed at a lower end of the discharge collector.

Abstract: Scrap metal for steelmaking in a converter is preheated by a heating installation and subsequently charged into a charging trough. The preheating takes place in a separate furnace which is aligned parallel to the charging trough. The furnace can be brought to an emptying position in such a way that the preheated scrap can fall from the preheating furnace and still retain its orientation.

Abstract: A reverberatory furnace for melting aluminum or other metals which includes a preheater (12) which utilizes exhaust flue gasses from the furnace (10) to preheat the metal before it enters the furnace. A set of horizontal flue ducts (18, 20, 22) conduct the flue gasses to a preheater chamber (26) where they heat the metal. An air entrance port (50) is provided in the preheater chamber (26) to allow secondary combustion of the volatile flue gasses for additional efficiency.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing finely divided iron oxide material, comprising a reactor containing a vertical upper reaction chamber connected downwardly to a narrower, vertical reaction chamber. A cyclone separator is connected to the upper reaction chamber for separating solid material and recycling it to the reactor so that a circulating fluidized bed can be maintained in the apparatus. In accordance with the invention, a recycling conduit is connected to the bottom of the lower reaction chamber. A tapping-off shaft for reduced material is also connected to the bottom of the lower reaction chamber. A reducing agent is supplied to the upper reaction chamber, and combustion air is supplied to the bottom of the upper reaction chamber. The apparatus also comprises means for preheating the iron oxide material with the exhaust gas from the reactor and for passing said preheated iron oxide into the lower reaction chamber. The apparatus also comprises means for stripping the exhaust gas from CO.sub.2 and H.sub.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for heat exchange between a hot and a cold body in particular in form of fluids, divided by a partition wall, in which apparatus a portion of the wall, contacting the hot fluid, is moved and is brought in place of a corresponding wall portion contacting the cold fluid. The invention concerns also the application of the apparatus in a chamber for ore reduction.

Abstract: Use of a shaft kiln in continuous smelting and refining of cement copper is made possible with a mix preheater, a refined gas preheater, an air preheater, an air mix feeder and forehearths for cement oxidation and reduction, and wherein oxidation is achieved by injecting oxidant gases and reduction by injecting preheated petroleum gas, subsequent to having placed a layer of charcoal on the smelt.

Abstract: An improved arrangement for preheating a charge of raw material, illustratively an alloying charge, with hot gases prior to application of such charge to a ferroalloying kiln or other electric furnace is described. The charge to be preheated is loaded into a main vertically disposed reservoir which communicates at its bottom end with a combustion chamber adapted to generate the hot gases for preheating. A perforated transition cylinder is vertically disposed within the combustion chamber. Hot gases flow into the interior of the transition cylinder through the apertures and are directed upwardly through the charge stored in the main reservoir, thereby effecting the desired preheating action. The gases emerging from the top of the main reservoir enter a smoke chamber, from which they are discharged into suitable scrubbing and ventilating facilities. The preheated charge is selectively introduced into the electric furnace from the main reservoir via the transition cylinder.