Abstract: A system for melting a pelleted charge material including a furnace having a feed end configured to receive a solid pelleted charge material and a discharge end opposite the feed end configured to discharge a molten charge material and a slag, a conveyor configured to feed the pelleted charge material into the feed end of the furnace, at least one oxy-fuel burner positioned to direct heat into a melting zone near the feed end to heat and at least partially melt the pelleted charge material to form the molten charge material and slag, wherein the oxy-fuel burner uses an oxidant having at least 70% molecular oxygen, and at least one flue for exhausting burner combustion products from the furnace.

Abstract: Provided is a method of cathodic arc process for making a coating containing macroparticles and a coating containing macroparticles. The process comprising inserting a work piece into a cathodic arc apparatus, vaporizing a cathodic material and adjusting the parameters of the arc to form liquid, semi-solid or solid macroparticles which are embedded into or onto the coating.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide an oxygen burner which is capable of forming a high-velocity-oxygen jet flow without a cooling structure, and efficiently dissolving an object to be heated, and the present invention provides an oxygen burner comprising a primary oxygen ejection port provided at a tip of the primary oxygen flow path, a plurality of fuel gas supply pipes provided so as to branch a tip end side of the fuel gas flow path, a fuel gas ejection port provided in each of the fuel gas supply pipes, and a secondary oxygen ejection port provided at a tip of the secondary oxygen flow path, the fuel gas ejecting ports are arranged so as to surround the primary oxygen ejection port, the secondary oxygen ejection port is arranged so as to surround the fuel gas ejection ports and the primary oxygen ejection port, and the fuel gas ejection ports are arranged on the same plane and protrude than a tip of the primary oxygen ejection port.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of an exemplary embodiment, a furnace including a charge well is provided. The charge well comprises an open top chamber including side and base walls of a heat resistant material. An inlet is provided in a side wall of the chamber for receiving molten metal. A ramp is provided adjacent the side wall and an inner wall forms a central cavity. The ramp is disposed between the inner wall and the side wall. The ramp is generally inclined from an intersection with the base wall to adjacent a top surface of the inner wall. The cavity is in fluid communication with an outlet. A passage in the inner wall provides fluid communication between the inlet and the cavity. The inlet and an outlet each receives a conduit and at least one of the conduits can include an elbow joint.

Abstract: A fuel injection lance for an ore-smelting furnace includes a central conduit, a first conduit and a second conduit. The first and second conduits are concentric with the central conduit. A central conduit is connected to a fuel mixture. The first and second conduits are in flow communication with a gas source. The first and second conduits have gas flowing at independently controllable gas flow rates relative to the other conduit. A swirl portion has a cylindrical body with a hollow interior cylinder, and vertical and helical channels formed within the body portion. Vertical channels traverse the body portion vertically to the outer surface adjacent to the bottom surface. Helical channels traverse the outer surface in a helical pattern. Vertical channels intersect with corresponding helical channels at a predetermined angle selected to provide a desired particle distribution of a fuel injected into the furnace.

Abstract: A swirling column nozzle comprises a nozzle body with an air chamber defined therein; an outlet portion, a feed pipe penetrating through the air chamber and extending to the outlet portion, an oxygen supplying portion disposed on the nozzle body, the outlet portion is formed with a swirling guide part for moving a mixture of the oxygen gas and the concentrate downwardly in the form of a swirling column. Further, a swirling column smelting equipment and a method thereof are disclosed. The air flow moves downwardly in a substantially swirling column, so the chemical reaction path and reaction time are extended remarkably, allowing the reduction of the height of the reaction shaft.

Abstract: In the metallurgical treatment of metals, metal melts and/or slags in a metallurgical unit or melting vessel, especially in electric arc furnaces, injection devices (1) are used for blowing in or up oxygen-rich gases (6) and/or carbonaceous substances, which cause as long as possible gas jet (6?) with a high pulse energy to strike to strike the surface of the slag or metal. It is known to envelope produced gas jet (6?), thereby focusing it. According to the invention, such an envelope is obtained by using a hot gas (5, 5?) that is preaccelerated to such a degree that the central gas jet (6?) is preferably without pulse losses.

Abstract: A coherent jet lance and operating method wherein the need for a lance extension is eliminated using a single ring of ports to deliver flame envelope gases around the primary gas jets to maintain the gas jets coherent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing one or more coherent jets from a lance wherein liquid fuel is provided into a recession on the lance face along with motive gas, and is used to generate a flame shroud to maintain jet coherency.

Abstract: Device and relative method to inject technological gases and solid material in powder form, in a furnace used in steel and metallurgical melting processes, comprising an emission element including an outlet mouth arranged at a certain distance from the liquid bath, said emission element being innerly shaped as a double nozzle, respectively first and second, the first nozzle having a convergent/divergent conformation defined by a neck and being predisposed for the emission of a jet of gas at supersonic speed, said second nozzle having at the end a conformation convergent towards the axis of the emission element and being pre-disposed, according to the step of the melting process in progress, for the emission of a jet at subsonic speed either of technological gases alone, such as for example oxygen, or of solid material in powder form on a gassy vehicle, or of liquid in atomized form.

Abstract: An arrangement wherein a coherent jet is established proximate to a powder injection system and the coherent jet not only provides for gas delivery but also serves to improve the efficiency of the delivery of powder from the powder injection system.

Abstract: A lance (5) for injecting a feed material, preferably a solid feed material, into a metallurgical vessel, is disclosed. The lance comprises: an inlet (21) for introducing the feed material into the lance; an outlet (23) at a forward end of the lance (5) for discharging the feed material from the lance (5); a hollow elongate member (25) that defines a passageway (33) for the feed material between the inlet (21) and the outlet (23) and is adapted to be cooled by a first cooling fluid; and an outer jacket (35) positioned around a section of the length of the member (25) and is adapted to be cooled by a second cooling fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of melting fine particles containing carbon, capable of uniformly burning and melting the fine particles throughout the entire zone of the combustion flame. The apparatus includes a triple tube structure including an inner oxygen feeding section having an oxygen inlet tube provided with an oxygen feeding passage, a particle feeding section arranged surrounding the inner oxygen feeding section, comprising a particle inlet tube, a feeding tube and a feeding passage, and an outer oxygen feeding section arranged surrounding the particle feeding section, comprising an outer oxygen inlet tube, a feeding tube and a feeding passage. The front ends of the inner oxygen feeding tube, particle feeding tube and outer oxygen feeding tube constitute a nozzle which serves to inject the fine particles fed through the particle feeding tube together with air and/or oxygen flows respectively fed through the inner and outer oxygen feeding tubes to be burned and melted.

Abstract: To increase the service life of a tuyere arrangement for the introduction of agents into a molten bath, comprising an apertured block (3) refractory material which can be fitted into the wall (1) of a vessel (12) and which includes a cylindrical body (4) with an inserted tuyere tube (6,7), the cylindrical (4) is axially displaceably fitted in the apertured block (3) the tuyere tip which is consumed is replaced by a follow-up movement of the cylindrical body (4).

Abstract: A tuyere for refining molten metals or melting metal scrap or oxides charged into a vessel. The tuyere comprises three concentric pipes of copper or stainless steel encased in refractory. An annular stream of natural gas surrounds an annular stream of oxygen which in turn surrounds a core stream of natural gas. All three streams are expanded as they flow through the tuyere and as a result an accretion forms at the tip of the tuyere. The accretion protects the tuyere and the gas streams are controlled so that the accretion is maintained at a desired size which neither blocks the tuyere, nor permits burnback of the pipes.

Abstract: A method and device is provided for the combined injection of pulverized coal and a gaseous oxidant into a crucible of a shaft furnace, especially a blast furnace, through a hot-air blast tuyere. In the region of the nozzle end of the tuyere in the crucible, the pulverized coal is injected into the hot-air blast, in the form of a hollow annular jet and the gaseous oxidant is injected inside the hollow annular jet. A lance for implementing the method comprises two coaxial tubes and a distributing unit provided with a central bore for the pulverized coal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for injecting liquids into a molten bath. The method includes forming a suitable liquid dispersion of a liquid phase disposed in a gas phase. The liquid phase has a ratio of surface area to volume which is sufficient to cause an accumulated amount of the liquid phase in the molten bath to be significantly less than that which would occur by injection of a continuous stream of the liquid into the molten bath. The liquid dispersion is directed into the molten metal bath, whereby the liquid volatilizes or decomposes. The rate at which the liquid dispersion is injected into the molten bath is sufficient to cause the liquid of the liquid phase to volatilize or decompose at a rate which is sufficient to cause the accumulation of the liquid phase in the bath to be significantly less than that which would occur by injection of a continuous stream of the liquid into the molten bath. The apparatus includes an atomizer which is disposed at a reactor containing the molten bath.

Abstract: Injection equipment for the supply of gas and/or particulate material in the form of powder, granules, chips or similar shapes to a liquid, for example a metal melt, includes a rotation body which is designed to be lowered down into the liquid and which is mounted on and driven via a shaft of a drive unit. The material and/or gas is supplied to the liquid through the rotation body via a coaxial bore in a shaft thereof. The rotation body has a cone-like or funnel-like design and is generally completely open at the bottom.

Abstract: A process of pyrometallurgically treating a feed material such as a sulphide ore or concentrate is provided. The process includes the steps of:(a) producing a liquid body of feed material;(b) creating a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone which is in contact with the first reaction zone and is in the liquid body;(c) introducing feed material in particulate form and an oxidising gas into the first reaction zone;(d) allowing in-flight oxidation of feed material to take place in the first reaction zone;(e) allowing at least some of the reaction products of the in-flight oxidation to pass into a second reaction zone; and(f) allowing sulphidation or reduction of the reaction products to take place in the second reaction zone.

Abstract: A method and a particle absorber for separating off entrained particles from a stream of molten metal are proposed. The particle absorber has a multiplicity of surfaces within the metal stream produced by means of mechanical separation. This separation leads to a change in the velocity of the flowing metal and to a change in the surface tension. The entrained non-metallic particles are pushed out of the metal stream into the surface regions and blocked there on the separation surfaces. The proposed method and the particle absorber show a good separation effect and, furthermore, are an inexpensive alternative to conventional systems.

Abstract: A furnace bottom structure of a direct current electric furnace has at least one furnace bottom electrode and at least one gas injection tuyere provided in the furnace bottom refractory of the direct current electric furnace. Preferably, the furnace bottom electrodes and the gas injection tuyere are embedded in a substantially cylindrical refractory body with downwardly diverging tapered upper portion. The refractory body, the furnace bottom electrodes and the gas injection tuyere form an integral furnace bottom block which is detachably attached to the bottom of the electric furnace so as to close a bottom opening of the furnace.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus for improving the control and efficiency of a combustion reaction in a flash smelting furnace, having the steps of mixing a first oxidizing gas having a first oxygen concentration with solid particles consisting of at least one combustible component and at least one incombustible component, directing the mixture of solid particles and said first oxidizing gas into a combustion chamber of the flash smelting furnace, burning the mixture of solid particles and oxidizing gas in a first flame portion to provide for the smelting of the solid particles, directing an auxiliary fuel into the combustion chamber to surround said first flame portion, directing a second oxidizing gas having a second oxygen concentration into the combustion chamber to surround the first flame portion and mix with the auxiliary fuel, burning the auxiliary fuel and the second oxidizing gas to create a second flame portion surrounding the first flame portion, controlling the flow of the first and second ox

Abstract: A tuyere having improved wear resistance at the tip, and a refractory walled metallurgical vessel incorporating the tuyere, characterized by an oxide thermal barrier coating on the outer surface of the outermost conduit of the tuyere having a thermal conductivity less than that of the refractory.

Abstract: A tuyere for a blast furnace comprises water-cooled tuyere; and a burner removably mounted inside the water-cooled tuyere to burning pulverize coal. The burner comprises an inner pipe, an intermediate pipe and an outer pipe which are concentrically arranged. The inside of the inner pipe is used for a pulverized coal path, an oxygen feed path being in between the inner pipe and the intermediate pipe and a flame temperature control gas feed path in between the intermediate pipe and the outer pipe. The burner is equipped with a water-cooled jacket outside of the top end of the burner.

Abstract: A copper converter which includes: a converter body; a plurality of tuyeres disposed to the converter body, each tuyere having an outer end portion; a first concentrate blowing pipe assembly disposed at least one of said tuyeres, the concentrate blowing pipe assembly including an introducing pipe inserted into the at least one tuyere; a blowing unit, connected to the concentrate blowing pipe assembly, for blowing a material including a concentrate through the introducing pipe into the converter; an air supplying unit, disposed to the tuyeres, for supplying pressurized air to the tuyeres; and formations, disposed to said outer end of each tuyere and said concentrate blowing pipe assembly, for detachably interlocking the introducing pipe with the at least one tuyere.

Abstract: A steel refining vessel having a defined relatively long and thin configuration, and a steel refining method, particularly suited for the refining of heats of steel weighing two tons or less while enabling excellent heat retention and gas-metal reactions during refining.

Abstract: Toxic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls and other organic wastes are destroyed, optionally together with inorganic wastes, by injecting them, together with oxygen, into a molten bath such as is utilized in a steelmaking facility. The bath may be melted initially by induction, an electric arc or otherwise; the desired temperature greater than 2500.degree. F. may be maintained thereafter by the reaction of the oxygen and the organic waste. Various by-products may be obtained from the gas.

Abstract: A tuyere for the injection of both a refining gas such as oxygen into a melting or refining vessel, and a fluid protective medium such as a hydrocarbon gas or a liquid surrounding the injected refining gas, in which there is a solid center in the pipe through which the refining gas is suplied so that the refining gas enters the refining vessel as an annulus around which the protective fluid is disposed.The tuyere is installd in the refractory lining of the refining vessel and the fluids passing into the vessel through the tuyere are proportioned so that burning back of the tuyere and erosion or wear of the lining take place at the same rate.The protective medium cools the tuyere and avoids reactions between the refining gas and the tuyere material.

Abstract: A device comprises tuyeres at the bottom of the converter and a cylindrical manifold for fluids and powdered products disposed in the center part of and under the bottom of the converter. Connecting pipes between the manifold and the tuyeres are disposed radially around the manifold. The connecting pipes have the shape of a lyre with a closed loop.

Abstract: A charge is admitted into a shaft furnace so as to form a charge column therein. The lower end of the column is melted with a flame and the charge moves downwardly by gravity as melting proceeds. The flame is generated by admitting one or more streams of oxygen and one or more streams of fuel into the furnace. A stream of oxygen and a stream of fuel are admitted into the furnace as a pair and in such a manner that the respective oxygen stream is surrounded by the respective fuel stream. This procedure provides the result that the fuel entering the furnace withdraws so much heat from the surroundings that water-cooling of the burners may be eliminated. Moreover, the withdrawal of heat from the surroundings serves to cool the furnace wall in the regions of the burners sufficiently for molten material flowing on the furnace wall in these regions to solidify. Consequently, protuberances are formed on the furnace wall.

Abstract: In a process for treating a bath of molten metal in a refractory-lined metallurgical furnace by introducing oxygen into the bath, an improved method for protecting selected portions of the refractory lining against wear. Liquid hydrocarbons are controllably injected through ports in the lining located in proximity to the aforesaid selected portions so as to direct the hydrocarbons toward the selected portions and thereby prevent corrosion by constituents of the bath.

Abstract: Excessive wear is eliminated in a distributor utilized in a bottom-blown oxygen steelmaking converter for distributing oxygen and entrained lime to the converter tuyeres by the provision of a spiral ramp that extends between the inlet and outlet regions of the affected portion of the distributor. The ramp is arranged to mechanically separate the entering oxygen-lime mixture from that flowing through the affected region thereby preventing the interference between the two flows and the wear-producing flow acceleration attendant therewith.

Abstract: An improvement in the refining of molten metals in a converter by means of oxygen introduced into the metal through tuyeres which include two concentric pipes, oxygen being passed into the melt through the central pipe and a protective fluid being passed into the melt as a sheath or screen around the oxygen, through the clearance space between the two pipes. In the present invention two tuyeres, disposed horizontally and each passing through the convertor sidewall permit refining to be accomplished without any slopping or splashing of the melt and with only minor wear of the convertor lining.

Abstract: A blast pipe is formed of a plurality of concentric tubes, the cross-sections of which are designed for the fluid flows required for the refining of a metal bath, which are used initially as a burner. A second tube adjacent an outermost tube, projects beyond the end of the outermost tube, and is provided with a row of orifices in the projecting portion. The end of the second tube is closed by a metal cap soldered to the second tube with a hard solder which melts at a predetermined temperature in relation to the metal of the bath to be refined.

Abstract: A blast pipe assembly for mounting on attachment to and dismounting from the bottom plate means of a converter or furnace for refining metals, the plate means including a hollow cylindrical part for surrounding the blast pipe and having at its lower end portion an inner shoulder and a flange for clamping bolts, the blast pipe assembly comprises two concentric pipes for double separate feed, the inner pipe of said concentric pipes being longer than the outer pipe of said concentric pipes and the inner diameter of said outer pipe being greater than the outer diameter of said inner pipe to define a gap between said pipes for admission of fluid, the lower end of said outer pipe, which is arranged to be at the level of said shoulder of said hollow cylindrical part, being flared, said inner pipe having, at a level below the lower end of said outer pipe, a circular swelling;A hollow cylindrical injector body adapted to be arranged between said flared portion of said outer pipe and said circular swelling on said inne

Abstract: A tuyere assembly for use in metallurgical vessels includes a tubular metallic tuyere housing which is cast in a block of refractory material. When the tuyere block is installed in a metallurgical vessel, a tuyere is inserted within the tubular tuyere housing and the space between the tuyere assembly and the housing sealed with a suitable refractory material. After a significant portion of the tuyere assembly has burned away during metallurgical operations, the tuyere may be withdrawn from the tuyere housing and a new tuyere substituted. Any refractory lining which has burned away in the vicinity of the new tuyere may be built up with a chemically bonded gunning mixture which sets to form a dense refractory material around the tuyere assembly.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for refining metals in a refining vessel, by means of a tuyere embedded in the bottom or sidewall of the vessel and through which a refining gas is blown into the vessel. The tuyere is composed of at least three concentric pipes, the refining gas being made to pass through the central pipe and a protective medium being made to pass into the vessel through the spaces between the pipes which surround the central pipe. All of the pipes except the outermost pipe which is fixedly embedded in the refractory lining of the vessel, are individually movable longitudinally into the vessel.

Abstract: A lance structure for oxygen refining of molten ferrous metal comprising three concentric metallic tubes extending through a side wall of a reaction vessel and terminating in a common discharge plane beneath the molten metal surface adjacent the side wall, the innermost tube conducting an oxygen-containing gas, the annular space between the innermost and second tube conducting a shroud gas, a pair of parallel auxiliary cooling pipes in another annular space between the second tube and the outermost tube for conducting cooling gas, the pipes being on opposite sides of the second tube in the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions, and refractory material encasing the pipes and occupying the other annular space, the pipes being sufficiently remote from the second tube that cooling gas discharged therefrom does not intermingle with the oxygen. A method of oxygen refining molten steel is disclosed utilizing such a lance structure.

Abstract: A tuyere assembly is provided which is especially useful in pneumatic steelmaking processes employing submerged blowing. This improved tuyere provides oxidizing or other gases at supersonic velocities while concomitantly employing pressures only slightly above that of the metal bath. Such supersonic velocities are achieved by the insertion, into a conventional tuyere, of a generally pear-shaped, double-cone object so as to provide a limiting throat section followed by an expansion chamber which permits the gases to exceed sonic velocity. By achieving supersonic velocities without the use of high inlet pressures, (i) a material decrease in refractory wear is achieved and (ii) higher gas flow rates are permitted without the occurrence of "spitting".

Abstract: A refractory bottom lining has extending therethrough at least one inclined decarburization or refining nozzle or tuyere. Surrounding the nozzle is an outer perforate brick having a hole therethrough. An inner brick fits within the hole of the outer brick and has a bore which is inclined at the same angle of inclination as the nozzle. The nozzle extends through the bore.