Abstract: A loop heat pipe with a vapor-liquid two-phase flow injector, including: an evaporator, the vapor-liquid two-phase flow injector, a boiling pool and a condenser. The two-phase flow injector has a central vapor inlet and a circumferential liquid inlet, and is connected to an outlet of the evaporator and an inlet of the boiling pool. The condensate inlet of the condenser is connected to an outlet of the boiling pool. An outlet of the condenser is connected to the evaporator. With the vapor-liquid two-phase flow injector, the invention can directly introduce a part of the supercooled liquid working medium to the boiling pool without passing through the evaporator, solving the problem of insufficient liquid supply for the boiling pool and increasing the driving force for the system operation. Therefore, the invention enables the efficient cooling of electronic devices and the long-distance heat transfer.

Abstract: Predicting a degree of molten steel contamination during ladle exchange includes setting a casting quantity (Q) and a residual quantity (Qrm). Casting quantity (Q) is the molten steel amount transferred from a tundish to a mold when a first ladle operation ends. Residual quantity (Qrm) is the molten steel amount existing in the tundish when a second ladle starts. Casting amount (Qplug), a first contaminant concentration is calculated as a function of Qrm and a proportional coefficient. Casting amount (Qpeak), the amount a second contaminant concentration, is calculated as a function of Qrm and a second proportional coefficient. A preliminary degree of contamination is a linear function of Q, Qplug, and Qpeak. A second preliminary degree of contamination is an exponential function of Q, Qplug, and Qpeak. The smaller of the two preliminary degrees of contamination is selected to obtain a degree of contamination at the ladle operation end and a second degree of contamination at the second ladle operation start.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention comprise a preheater for preheating a ladle for use in steelmaking wherein less fuel is consumed in heating the ladle efficiently and accurately to a controlled temperature. A preheater temperature is varied by controlling a burner of the heating unit based on measurements of refractories of the ladle taken by a pyrometer. The heating unit of the preheater includes an emissive coating for reducing heat loss and efficient heating during the preheating process. The heating unit of the preheater also includes valve mechanisms for accurately varying a flame size of the burner by regulating the rate of fuel, air, and oxygen supplied to the heating unit.

Abstract: A gas purge device for a metallurgical melting vessel includes a conically shaped ceramic body (2) in contact at its top side with heat contained in the melting vessel. The ceramic body has a static external element and an internal element axially movable therein. A pneumatic drive axially moves the internal element to and fro relative to the external element between a closed position and an open position. The spring force of a spring retains the internal element in the closed position. The device furthermore includes a gas-tight enclosed volume arranged at the bottom side of the ceramic body the volume being connected to a gas supply duct for introduction of purge gas. A deformable membrane is connected to the internal element with the pressure difference between the purge gas pressure prevailing in the gas-tight enclosed volume and the ambient pressure acting upon the membrane.

Abstract: A gas supply system for a side blowing and/or bottom blowing metallurgical furnace with at least one tuyere which is mounted in the side wall and/or in the bottom of the furnace, wherein gas is conveyed through a line of the gas supply system to the tuyere and through the tuyere to the interior of the metallurgical furnace and emerges there in the form of bubbles. The gas supply system has an inflow restrictor which is assigned to the tuyere or is positioned upstream of the tuyere and reduces or interrupts the gas supply to the interior of the furnace at equal intervals of time.

Abstract: A heat pipe assembly (10/110), under vacuum and having a working substance charged therein, comprising generally an evaporator (12/112) adapted to evaporate the working fluid and a condenser (16/116). The heat exchanging condenser is in fluid flow communication with the evaporator. The condenser is adapted to condense evaporated working substance received from the evaporator and has a reservoir (30/130), located at a higher elevation than the evaporator, for collecting liquid working fluid therein. A discrete, impermeable liquid return passage (36/136, 20/120) permitting the flow, by gravity, of the liquid working substance from the reservoir to the evaporator. The liquid return passage extends through the evaporator and terminates near the closed leading end thereof, and is fitted with a vent line (38/138) that diverts ascending vapor to the top of the condenser.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a mono-block stopper adapted to deliver gas during pouring of molten metal comprising a stopper body having an internal chamber (1) and a gas discharge port (2), a bore (3) connecting the internal chamber (1) to the gas discharge port (2), calibrating means (4) being provided in the bore (3) to provide a restricted path. This stopper is characterised by the fact that the calibrating means comprise a rod (4) having at least one axially-extending gas passages therealong, the gas passage(s) having a section such as to offer a predetermined resistance to flow. The stopper of the invention is far more reliable and can be easily adapted to various operational parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus for keeping an optimal penetration depth formed at the front end of an oxygen tuyere in the producing facilities of molten pig iron utilizing non-coking coal and a method for keeping the same. A sensor for measuring distance using a laser for continuously measuring the penetration depth, is provided. Comprised is a process computer for continuously receiving the measured penetration depth from the sensor and comparing the received penetration depth with a predetermined optimal penetration depth to obtain a difference between them, and for obtaining a changing amount of a pressure in a melter gasifier through a mutual relation between a predetermined changing amount of a pressure in the melter gasifier with that of the penetration depth using the difference between the actual penetration depth with the optimal penetration depth.

Abstract: An improved premix-type burner for a gas-fired metal processing furnace includes a burner insert externally adjustable over a stepless continuum. The burner insert includes a helical thread disposed on its outer diameter which cooperatively engages with a helical thread disposed on an inner diameter of the burner body bore. Rotation of an adjustment tube, which extends into the burner body and is affixed to the burner insert concentrically disposed therein, causes axial translation of the burner insert, thereby regulating fuel flow to the combustion chamber and controlling the combustion process.

Abstract: An apparatus for regulating the feed or delivery of hot air in the tuyere stock of a shaft furnace, and a tuyere stock which incorporates such a regulating apparatus is presented. The regulating apparatus may be used in conjunction with a tuyere stock for a shaft furnace (the structure of which is well known) and consists of an articulated pipe connecting a large circular conduit to a nozzle and which is fitted internally with a refractory lining having an internal channel therethrough for the passage of air. The regulating apparatus of the present invention comprises a valve substantially in the form of a disc which is adapted to operate in a spherical portion of the internal channel described above. The disc is removably mounted on the end of a rod, the rod being rotatably and hermetically mounted in a tubular support integral with the wall of the tuyere stock and connected on the outside thereof to a mechanism which serves to pivot both the rod and the valve about the longitudinal axis 0 of the rod.

Abstract: A melt of magnesium-containing nodular iron partially fills an enclosure forming a space above the melt which fills with the vapor of magnesium evaporated from the melt. Magnesium is fed into the space where the magnesium vaporizes and increases the vapor pressure so as to drive magnesium into the melt and increase its magnesium content.

Abstract: Gas is injected into molten metal, such as aluminum, to purify the molten metal either of dissolved gases (degassing), or of dissolved solids such as magnesium ( "demagging"). The apparatus for accomplishing this injection contains two metallic bath chambers, the molten metal being transferred from one chamber to the other through a conduit. A gas injection conduit is connected to the metal transfer conduit at a location submerged within the first metallic bath chamber from which metal is transferred to the second chamber, and the gas to be injected is introduced through this gas injection conduit into a location submerged within the first metallic bath chamber.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for supplying the refining gas and protective media utilized in the refining process described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,706,549 issued Dec. 19, 1972, including valves provided in the supply lines for preventing malfunctioning of the process.