Abstract: The useful life is increased of gas scavenging lances having porous graphite flush heads for non-ferrous metal melts by flowing an inert gas, immediately after scavenging, through the lance in a de-energizing cage which surrounds the graphite parts of the lance while forming a narrow gap therewith until a temperature below the ignition temperature of graphite is obtained.

Abstract: The hearth's bottom of the blast furnace is protected according to the intion shielded said bottom by means of the so-called skull, e.g. a layer of coagulated metal intentionally formed and kept by means of controlled withdrawal of heat by means of a heat exchanger situated in the vicinity of protected surfaces. The exchanger constitutes a component of a known cooling system.

Abstract: A cooling device for a converter opening, such as a Peirce-Smith copper converter, has been disclosed wherein a cooling medium, which is a combustible liquid of high temperature cracking characteristics, is introduced in cooling conduits floatingly disposed in a refractory material lining an opening of a converter, through which, at high temperatures, the contents thereof are discharged. The lower vapor pressure of the cooling medium, the expansion and contraction of the conduit in individual cooling segments and the maintaining of the cooling medium under pressure improves the operation of the converter.

Abstract: A device for cooling, by means of liquid media, plate coolers of blast furnaces and the like which plate coolers include cooling pipes of cast segments, according to which the cooling medium at different operating or working pressures is passed through the cooling pipes of the cast segments.

Abstract: An improved process for reducing the rate of wear and for minimizing the amount of liquid cooling agent supplied to a tuyere used for blowing oxidizing gas in the refining of molten metal. The fluid passageway of the tuyere is provided with an outlet having a reduced cross-sectional area and the cooling agent is injected at a flow rate between 0.05 and 0.14 liters per minute per centimeter of the circumference of the fluid passageway.

Abstract: A rotatable horizontal metallurgical furnace for the production of iron or steel includes cooling means at an open discharge end of the furnace. The cooling means includes an annular cooling coil surrounding the discharge end through which cooling liquid is continuously impelled, under centrifugal forces of rotation, from an annular delivery trough to an annular collecting trough.