Abstract: Foundry coke products, and associated methods and systems for melting iron in a cupola furnace with the coke products are disclosed herein. A representative method can include receiving a population of coke products and iron in a cupola furnace, and melting the iron in the cupola furnace to form molten iron having a carbon content higher than a carbon content of the received iron. The coke products can comprise (i) an elongate shape including a length:width dimension of at least 1.5:1, (ii) an ash fusion temperature of no more than 2400° F., and/or (iii) a coke reactivity index (CRI) of at least 30%.

Abstract: A method of operating a BOF bottom stir tuyere having an inner nozzle surrounded by an annular nozzle, including during a hot metal pour phase and a blow phase, flowing an inert gas through both nozzles; during a tap phase, initiating a flow of a first reactant through the inner nozzle and a flow of a second reactant through the annular nozzle, and ceasing the flow of inert gas through the nozzles, wherein the first and second reactants includes fuel and oxidant, respectively, or vice-versa, such that a flame forms as the fuel and oxidant exit the tuyere; during a slag splash phase, continuing the flows of fuel and oxidant to maintain the flame; and after ending the slag splash phase and commencement of another hot metal pour phase, initiating a flow of inert gas through both nozzles and ceasing the flows of the first and second reactants.

Abstract: To provide a method for operating a blast furnace with which the combustion efficiency of a solid fuel, such as pulverized coal, is improved, thereby making it possible to improve productivity and reduce CO2 emissions. Pulverized coal and LNG are blown from an upstream lance configured by a double tube, and oxygen is blown from a downstream lance on the downstream side in a hot air blast direction, so that oxygen used for preceding combustion of the LNG is supplied from the downstream lance, and the pulverized coal whose temperature has been increased by the combustion of the LNG is combusted along with the supplied oxygen.

Abstract: A method of operating a blast furnace by blowing a pulverized coal at an amount of not less than 150 kg/t?p from tuyeres through a lance into a blast furnace, wherein when the operation is performed under a condition that lump coke charged from a furnace top has a strength defined in JIS K2151 (DI15015) of not more than 87%, the pulverized coal blown through the tuyere contains not more than 60 mass % as a weight ratio of coal having a particle size of not more than 74 ?m and has an average volatile matter of not more than 25 mass %, and a blast temperature blown through the tuyere is not higher than 1100° C., oxygen is simultaneously blown into the furnace with the blowing of the pulverized coals through the lance and a gas having an oxygen concentration of 60 vol %-97 vol % is used as a carrier gas for the blowing of the pulverized coal.

Abstract: A method of operating a shaft furnace includes inserting a mixture including anthracite coal and coke into a cavity defined by the furnace, and disposing a metal feedstock within the cavity. The method includes injecting natural gas at a natural gas flow rate and a first quantity of oxygen gas at a first oxygen gas flow rate into the cavity simultaneously through at least one burner. The method also includes driving a second quantity of oxygen gas at a supersonic oxygen gas flow rate into the cavity through at least one lance, wherein the supersonic oxygen gas flow rate is greater than the first oxygen gas flow rate. The method also includes combusting the mixture within the cavity to produce a stack gas, melting the metal feedstock to produce a melted metal material, and monitoring the stack gas to thereby operate the shaft furnace. A shaft furnace is also disclosed.

Abstract: A raw material supply apparatus that supplies a raw material into a flash smelting furnace and supplies a first gas contributing to a reaction of the raw material into the flash smelting furnace, includes: a raw material passage that is provided out of a lance through which the first gas passes, the raw material passing through the raw material passage; and an adjuster that adjusts a distribution of the raw material by blowing a second gas to the raw material passing through the raw material passage.

Abstract: In a blast furnace plant, at least three regenerative heaters are cyclically operated on blast and on gas: while a regenerative heater is operated on gas, hot flue gas is produced and caused to flow through the regenerative heater so as to heat the heat storage elements; and while a regenerative heater is operated on blast, process gas, i.e. a CO-rich fraction of the top gas, is blown through the regenerative heater so that the process gas takes up heat from the heat storage elements, such that during a changeover of a regenerative heater from on-blast to on-gas operation, the regenerative heater is purged from process gas using flue gas collected after having flown through at least one of the regenerative heaters.

Abstract: Tuyere stock arrangement (10) of a blast furnace comprising a tuyere (14) having a tuyere body (20) configured for installation in a blast furnace wall (12); the tuyere body (20) having an outer wall (22), a front face (24) and a rear face (26), the tuyere body (20) further having a tuyere channel (28) extending from the rear face (26) to the front face (24), the tuyere channel (28) forming an inner wall (30) in the tuyere body (20). The tuyere stock arrangement (10) further comprises a blowpipe (34) connected between the rear face (26) of the tuyere body (20) and a gas feeding device (38), the blowpipe (34) being configured and arranged so as to feed hot gas, generally hot blast air, from the gas feeding device (38) to the tuyere channel (28) for injection into the blast furnace.

Abstract: A container for molten metal has at least one opening in which a refractory nozzle brick is mounted. A refractory purge plug or a refractory sleeve defining an outlet opening is inserted in the nozzle brick opening. A defined gap is formed between the nozzle brick opening and the purge plug or the sleeve and is filled with a refractory mass, this mass consisting of a material which can be easily bored or milled out of the mass for the purpose of replacing the purge plug or the sleeve. In this manner, laborious cleaning steps can be avoided and the nozzle brick no longer risks being damaged.

Abstract: A concentrate burner of a suspension smelting or suspension converting furnace includes a reaction gas feed, a powdery solid matter feed and a concentrate distributor. An arrangement for feeding powdery solid matter to the concentrate burner includes a first powdery solid matter discharge pipe for feeding powdery solid matter into the powdery solid matter feed of the concentrate burner. The first powdery solid matter discharge pipe is provided with a first partition, which divides solid matter, for dividing the first powdery solid matter discharge pipe into two essentially similar discharge pipe parts. The powdery solid matter feed of the concentrate burner comprise an annular concentrate discharge channel that surrounds the concentrate distributor of the concentrate burner. Each discharge pipe part of the first powdery solid matter discharge pipe is at least partly divided into two discharge pipe portions by a second partition.

Abstract: A method of operating a blast furnace includes two or more lances that inject reducing agents from a tuyere; injecting a solid reducing agent and a flammable reducing agent from different lances; and disposing the lances so that an axial line that extends from an end of the lance that injects the solid reducing agent and is the axial line of the lance that injects the solid reducing agent and an axial line that extends from an end of the lance that injects the flammable reducing agent and is the axial line of the lance that injects the flammable reducing agent cross each other, and so that a main flow of the solid reducing agent injected and a main flow of the flammable reducing agent injected overlap.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for feeding pulverised coal into a blast furnace, wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing a tuyere stock (14) for blowing hot blast air from a bustle pipe (12) into a furnace hearth of a blast furnace through a tuyere (15) in an opening in the furnace wall (16); providing a pulverised coal injection lance (18) for feeding pulverised coal into the tuyere (15), the pulverised coal injection lance (18) comprising an inner pipe (20) for conveying pulverised coal and an outer pipe (22), coaxially arranged around the inner pipe (20), for conveying combustive gas, the inner pipe (20) forming a separation wall for separating the pulverised coal from the combustive gas, the pulverised coal injection lance (18) having a lance tip (24) arranged in the tuyere (15); allowing the pulverised coal and the combustive gas to form a mixture of pulverised coal and combustive gas at the lance tip (24); burning the mixture of pulverised coal and combustive gas in the tuye

Abstract: A tuyere structure of a melting furnace includes: a tuyere main body which is covered on an outer periphery thereof with a ring member baked in advance, and is disposed in a hole portion provided in a tuyere brick; and a ramming material which fills a periphery of the ring member so as to fix the ring member.

Abstract: A jet of gas injected from a lance is fluidically deviated with a gas flowing in either the same or opposite direction as the jet of gas. The gas used to fluidically deviate the jet is the same as or different from the gas in the jet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for supersonically injecting oxygen into a furnace, in particular a cupola furnace, in which the total oxygen required for the furnace operation is injected with the aid of two distinct circuits, i.e., the first circuit comprising at least one supersonic oxygen injecting nozzle and a second circuit which comprises additionally oxygen injecting means and is connected to the first circuit by pressure-sensitive means, such as a discharging device (or upstream pressure adjuster), in such a way that a stable pressure is obtained in the first circuit upon the attainment of the maximum flowrate thereof, wherein the first circuit can consists of several supersonic nozzle groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shaft furnace as well as a method for operating a shaft furnace. For example, the present invention relates to methods for operating a shaft furnace which include charging an upper region of the shaft furnace with raw materials; the raw materials sink in the shaft furnace under the influence of gravity and a part of the raw materials is smelted an/or at least partially reduced under the effect of the atmosphere prevailing within the shaft furnace. The methods further comprise admitting an addition gas via at least one addition opening spaced from a lower admission opening and/or discharging a shaft furnace gas via a shaft furnace gas line to provide discharge of gaseous reaction products from the interior of the shaft furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accessing a furnace melt are provided. Preferably, the method and apparatus provide for the safe and efficient access to the melt. According to one aspect of the invention used in a steel-making process in an electric arc furnace, a furnace aperture burner/lance provides a flame for heating the melt, a lance device for injecting oxygen into the furnace, or both. To access the melt, the furnace aperture burner/lance is disengaged, access is provided to the melt through the furnace aperture, and the furnace aperture burner/lance is reengaged when the access is concluded.

Abstract: A cooling system comprises serpentine cooling fluid passages cast into a work piece with carefully controlled turning radii and profiles. Individual interdigitated baffles are contoured in the plane of coolant flow to have walls that thicken and then round off at their distal ends. The outside radii at these turns is similarly rounded and controlled such that the coolant flow will not be swirled into eddies.

Abstract: A metallurgical vessel (11) has circumferentially spaced tubular mountings (25) through which to extend solids injection lances (31) into the vessel. Lance extraction apparatus (33) comprises an elongate track support structure (41) supporting a twin rail track (40) inclined upwardly and outwardly from the vessel above the direction of inclination of a respective lance (31). Interconnected upper and lower carriages (42, 44) are moveable along track (40) by operation of a hoist (47). Extraction apparatus (33) is operable sequentially to remove solids delivery line sections (36) and (37) and the lance (31) by connection to the carriages (42, 44) and upward movement of those carriages along track (40). Upper carriage (42) carries a pivot arm (51) for connection to upper parts of components to be removed such that those components can be pivoted downwardly to positions in which they can be hung from an overhead crane for removal to a remote location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of arranging and setting spray nozzles in a cooling apparatus comprising a plurality of pairs of constraining rolls for constraining and conveying a hot steel plate and one or more lines of spray nozzles between the pair of constraining rolls, each line having a plurality of spray nozzles and is disposed in a direction perpendicular to processing, and to the cooling apparatus and the method of cooling. The invention is characterized in that the spray nozzles are arranged such that a distribution of values ?Pn between two edges of the steel plate in the direction perpendicular to processing is not less than 80% of its highest value, with P being cooling water impact pressure on the cooling surface, ?Pn being the value of n power of P integrated in the processing direction between the pairs of constraining rolls, and 0.05?n?0.2.

Abstract: Tuyere stock arrangement (10) of a blast furnace comprising a tuyere (14) having a tuyere body (20) configured for installation in a blast furnace wall (12); the tuyere body (20) having an outer wall (22), a front face (24) and a rear face (26), the tuyere body (20) further having a tuyere channel (28) extending from the rear face (26) to the front face (24), the tuyere channel (28) forming an inner wall (30) in the tuyere body (20). The tuyere stock arrangement (10) further comprises a blowpipe (34) connected between the rear face (26) of the tuyere body (20) and a gas feeding device (38), the blowpipe (34) being configured and arranged so as to feed hot gas, generally hot blast air, from the gas feeding device (38) to the tuyere channel (28) for injection into the blast furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling element to be used in the structure of a pyromettalurgical reactor used in the manufacturing of metals, which cooling element comprises a housing element mainly made of copper, provided with a channel system for the cooling medium circulation, made of pipe that is mainly made of copper; on the outer surface of the pipes forming the channel system, there is arranged a coating that has a lower melting point than the material of the housing element and the pipe. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the cooling element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accessing a furnace melt are provided. Preferably, the method and apparatus provide for the safe and efficient access to the molten metal melt in a furnace. According to one aspect of the invention used in a steel making process in an electric arc furnace, a furnace aperture plug is reciprocated through a furnace aperture, the furnace aperture plug is retracted from the furnace aperture, access is provided to the molten metal melt in the furnace, and the furnace aperture plug is reinserted into the furnace aperture when the access is concluded.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for feeding pulverised coal into a blast furnace, wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing a tuyere stock (14) for blowing hot blast air from a bustle pipe (12) into a furnace hearth of a blast furnace through a tuyere (15) in an opening in the furnace wall (16); providing a pulverised coal injection lance (18) for feeding pulverised coal into the tuyere (15), the pulverised coal injection lance (18) comprising an inner pipe (20) for conveying pulverised coal and an outer pipe (22), coaxially arranged around the inner pipe (20), for conveying combustive gas, the inner pipe (20) forming a separation wall for separating the pulverised coal from the combustive gas, the pulverised coal injection lance (18) having a lance tip (24) arranged in the tuyere (15); allowing the pulverised coal and the combustive gas to form a mixture of pulverised coal and combustive gas at the lance tip (24); burning the mixture of pulverised coal and combustive gas in the tuye

Abstract: An apparatus for controlled cooling of hot steel plate while constraining and conveying the plate by constraining rolls horizontally which is inexpensive and enabling continuous control of the cooling ability over a broad range, that is, a cooling apparatus for spraying hot steel plate hot rolled and transferred between pairs of constraining rolls with cooling water from pluralities of lines of spray nozzles so as to cool the same, which apparatus has lines of gentle cooling spray nozzles and lines of strong cooling spray nozzles with different orifice shapes and enables continuous control of the cooling ability over a broad range due to the fact that a maximum cooling water impact pressure integrated value of the lines of gentle cooling spray nozzles and a minimum cooling water impact pressure integrated value of the lines of strong cooling spray nozzles are continuous.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming internally shrouded supersonic coherent jets comprising an inert gas, such as pure argon and argon/oxygen mixtures. This method and apparatus can be employed to produce low-carbon steels with a top lance in basic oxygen steelmaking.

Abstract: A jet of gas injected from a lance is fluidically deviated with a gas flowing in either the same or opposite direction as the jet of gas. The gas used to fluidically deviate the jet is the same as or different from the gas in the jet.

Abstract: A tuyere for manufacturing molten iron is provided. The tuyere includes i) an oxygen injection opening that is configured to inject oxygen therethrough, and ii) a sealing gas injection opening that is located to be spaced apart from the oxygen injection opening and is configured to inject a sealing gas surrounding the oxygen.

Abstract: An enclosure for mounting burners and particle injection equipment in an electric arc furnace (EAF) is described. The enclosures are mounted on the sidewalls of an EAF and include passages in which burners or injectors are mounted so that the discharge ends of the burners and injectors are located closer the melt than sidewall mounted burners and injectors. Burners and injectors mounted in the enclosures heat material in the furnace and deliver particulates to the melt more efficiently than conventionally mounted burners and injectors. The enclosures are liquid-cooled, typically by water, and constructed of high conductivity materials such as copper and/or cast iron and can be constructed in one or more pieces. Therefore, the enclosures protect the burners and injectors from the excessive heat and mechanical impact to which they would normally be subjected when mounted so close to the melt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accessing a furnace melt are provided. Preferably, the method and apparatus provide for the safe and efficient access to the molten metal melt in a furnace. According to one aspect of the invention used in a steel making process in an electric arc furnace, a furnace aperture plug is reciprocated through a furnace aperture, the furnace aperture plug is retracted from the furnace aperture, access is provided to the molten metal melt in the furnace, and the furnace aperture plug is reinserted into the furnace aperture when the access is concluded.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing characteristics of a furnace melt are provided. Preferably, the method and apparatus provide for the safe and efficient testing of metal temperature and composition of molten metal during the melt cycle of the metal. According to one aspect of the invention used in a steel making process in an electric arc furnace, a furnace probe is reciprocated through a furnace probe plug aperture, the furnace probe is retracted from the furnace probe plug aperture, a furnace probe is inserted through the furnace probe plug aperture, the furnace probe is retracted from the aperture, and the furnace probe aperture plug is inserted into the furnace probe plug aperture.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to damp or suppress oscillations (?back-attack? effect) in sidewall or base blowing converters, used in particular to produce carbon steel or stainless steel. To achieve this, the gas supply system (3) for the converter comprises an inflow restrictor device (7), which is positioned upstream of or associated with the jets (5) and which periodically reduces or interrupts the gas supply to the interior of the furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming internally shrouded supersonic coherent jets comprising an inert gas, such as pure argon and argon/oxygen mixtures. This method and apparatus can be employed to produce low-carbon steels with a top lance in basic oxygen steelmaking.

Abstract: A multifunction injector (10, 11, 12) comprising a De Laval nozzle (20) adapted to act as a burner at subsonic or supersonic speed, combined with a plurality of nozzles (31, 32) for fuel and comburant respectively, arranged in two rings, concentric and co-axial to said De Laval nozzle (20) and externally protected by a specifically shaped protection cavity (40).

Abstract: A method for protecting a tuyere assembly and a refractory lining of a furnace, and in particular a blast furnace, against damage caused by expansion of the refractory lining. This method includes providing a clearance between the tuyere assembly and a refractory lining portion below the tuyere assembly and monitoring this clearance by means of a displacement sensor.

Abstract: A method of injecting oxygen into a melt located within a metallurgical furnace having a heated furnace atmosphere in which oxygen and fuel is injected into 1 or more nozzles having passageways of converging-diverging configuration under choked flow conditions to produce supersonic jet or jets discharged from the passageways. Fuel is injected into internal circumferential locations of the passageways so as to impart a structure to the jets being discharged that have an outer circumferential region containing a mixture of fuel and oxygen and a central region containing essentially oxygen. Such a structured jet upon discharge interacts with the furnace atmosphere to create an outer shear-mixing zone in which the outer circumferential layer mixes with the heated furnace atmosphere and auto-ignites to produce a flame envelope surrounding a supersonic jet of oxygen. The jet of oxygen and flame envelope can be directed against a melt contained within the metallurgical furnace for injection of oxygen into the melt.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace, which includes a furnace shell, an exhaust system, and a gas cleaning system, further includes a plurality of improved pipes and fume ducts throughout to increase operational life and productivity. The pipes and fumes ducts are comprised of an aluminum-bronze alloy which provides enhanced properties over prior art materials including thermal conductivity, modulous of elasticity and hardness. The use of the alloy also minimizes maintenance requirements of the pipes and fume ducts, thereby extending their operational life. In operation, gases formed from smelting or refining are evacuated from the furnace shell through the exhaust system into the gas cleaning system. The gases, as well as the system, are water cooled by way of the plurality of pipes displaced throughout.

Abstract: A system for generating mechanical waves for use in smelting and conversion processes that occur in furnaces and converters for a higher production of refined metals, consisting in a electrical signal generator, transducers that convert said electrical signals in mechanical waves placed on the outer end of air blowing tuyeres, a coupling means between said system and the shell of the converter, at least one resonant chamber that envelopes the air blowing tuyere and at least one transducer placed inside said resonant chamber, for applying mechanical waves that contain a great number of components of different amplitudes that travel with the airflow into the converter or pyrometallurgical furnace.

Abstract: A system for generating mechanical waves for use in smelting and conversion processes that occur in furnaces and converters for a higher production of refined metals, consisting in an electrical signal generator, transducers that convert said electrical signals in mechanical waves placed on the outer end of air blowing tuyeres and a coupling means between said system and the shell of the converter. The air blowing tuyeres are placed forming an angle less than or equal to 90° with the transducer and the airflow entrance to the interior of the converter, forming a figure with an &agr; angle shape; and the transducer is placed in the direction of the cross axis of the converter pointing towards the &agr; angle of the air blowing tuyere, for applying mechanical waves that travel in a longitudinal direction with the airflow into the converter.

Abstract: A system for generating mechanical waves for use in smelting and conversion processes that occur in furnaces and converters for a higher production of refined metals, consisting in an electrical signal generator, transducers that convert said electrical signals in mechanical waves placed on the outer end of air blowing tuyeres and a coupling means between said system and the shell of the converter. The air blowing tuyeres are placed forming an 180° angle in the direction of the airflow entrance, while the transducers are placed transversally to the air blowing tuyeres so as to apply mechanical waves that travel in a transversal direction with the air flow into the converter or pyrometallurgical furnace.

Abstract: The additives, in particulate solid form, are conveyed pneumatically in a divergent stream from a pneumatic gun to impinge upon the molten iron and mix therewith. The gun is spaced above a surface of molten iron such that the pneumatically conveyed stream including the additive has a central axis which is either horizontal (or at an acute angle to the horizontal). The gun is prefereably adjustable for adjustment of the stream angle, and the stream may be either added to pouring metal or to cover a surface of the molten iron.

Abstract: A non-invasive online system for discrete measurements of phase levels in a converter or pyrometallurgical furnace in smelting and conversion processes, consisting in a electrical signal generator, transducers that convert said electrical signals in mechanical waves placed on the outer end of air blowing tuyeres, a coupling between said system and the shell of the converter, for air blowing tuyeres placed forming an angle less than or equal to 90° with the transducer and entrance of the airflow to the converter, while the transducer is placed in the direction of the cross axis or longitudinal axis of the phases plane for applying mechanical waves that travel in a longitudinal direction, a sensor for mechanical waves placed around the external wall of the shell of the converter that receives the reflected signal, then preamplification of the signal, an analogous/digital interface, for data acquisition, for processing the signals so as to determine the amplitude of the reflected signal which has a character

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for injecting reducing agents into a shaft furnace in which the reducing agent is transported within a pneumatic delivery stream to the shaft furnace according to the flowing steps; a) dividing the delivery stream into a number of partial streams, b) transferring the individual partial streams through a heating unit, and c) heating the reducing agent within the individual partial streams inside of the heating device. A device for carrying out the inventive method comprises, for example, a delivery line in order to pneumatically deliver the reducing agent to the shaft furnace, and a number of heat exchange pipes which are integrated in the delivery line using a parallel connection, said connection relating to flow techniques, such that the pneumatic delivery stream is divided into a number of partial streams. The inventive device also comprises a heating unit for transmitting heat energy to the individual partial streams.

Abstract: A system for establishing and maintaining a supersonic coherent gas jet, effective with either an oxidizing or an inert gas, employing a converging/diverging nozzle for establishment of a non-disruptive initial supersonic velocity, and a slower moving defined triple layered flame envelope coaxial with the jet for effective maintenance of the supersonic velocity. The invention is particularly useful for providing gas into a pool of liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling the flow of molten material from a melt container. The apparatus includes a tubular insert sized for insertion into a tap hole formed in a sidewall of the melt container and a rod receivable within the insert. A cooling device is provided to cool the rod to a temperature below the temperature of the molten material. The rod is axially movable within the insert between a first position wherein the rod is positioned within the tubular insert for cooling a portion of the molten material located at the first end of the insert to form a plug and stop the flow of molten material through the passageway, and a second position wherein the rod is spaced from the first end of the insert to allow the plug to melt and start the flow of molten material through the passageway. A method for trapping gases emitted during the melt and tapping processes is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for stirring molten steel in a container. In this process, argon gas is introduced into the container at a flow rate of from about 0.005 to about 0.2 cubic feet of argon per ton of molten steel per minute, the extent to which said container is caused to vibrate is measured, analog signals are produced corresponding to the rate of flow of argon gas into said container, the analog signals are sampled at a rate of at least 800 times per second, the analog signals are converted to digital signals, the digital signals are transformed by subjecting them to fast Fourier transformation, and the transformed digital signals are evaluated.

Abstract: An electric arc furnace is provided for the production of steel by melting metal between electrodes. The electric arc furnace comprises gas injectors provided with respective cooling chambers placed in a wall of the furnace, wherein at least one single chamber is associated with at least two injectors in order to cool each injector. Each injector is angled in a manner appropriate with respect to a corresponding gas injected thereby and to a corresponding function thereof, wherein the orientation axes of the injectors are not parallel.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for EAF steelmaking providing a lance for the injection of oxidizing gas, preferably oxygen, or other metallurgical gases and particulate materials into a steelmaking process. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a lance body configuration which has a central conduit for the supply of a pressurized flow of oxygen. A consumable lance tip made of refractory material is connected to the lance body such that it is in fluid communication with the central conduit.

Abstract: A method for operating a blast furnace includes feeding metallic charge materials, alloy elements and energy carriers in the upper part of the furnace shaft. An oxidizing agent is fed in the lower part of the shaft. Filler material, namely, alloy elements, metal chips, carbon, sands, dust are fed individually or in combination into the melting zone in at least one burst jet. Fuels may be introduced additionally into the first jet. The oxygen is fed at a high speed into the melting zone in at least one separate jet and the conditions of introducing the materials in the first jet and the oxygen in the second jet are controlled so that no flame can be formed.

Abstract: A system for establishing a plurality of coherent gas jets proximate one another using a single lance wherein plurality of gas jets are ejected from a corresponding plurality of nozzles in a lance and a flame envelope is established around the plurality of gas jets, and the jets remain distinct and do not coalesce for their length.