Abstract: A method for repairing a composite structure is provided. A rework zone is defined on the composite structure. A theoretical scarfing bottom surface is identified for the rework zone from a model of the composite structure. An actual scarfing bottom surface in a local axis system is identified for the rework zone. Parameters for a rework program for an automated scarfing tool are modified based on deviations between the theoretical scarfing bottom surface and the actual scarfing bottom surface. Plies in the rework zone are removed using the automated scarfing tool.

Abstract: Automated systems and methods for making cuts in large masses of materials, including lateral cuts to reduce the lengths of steel slabs and produce therefrom slabs of desired sizes for producing steel plates. Such a system includes an apparatus having a support that supports the material, and a torch arm translatable in a Y-direction of the material and supporting a torch that emits a torch flame to make a cut in a Z-direction of the material while supported by the support. The apparatus has a deburring device associated with the torch arm and translatable in the Y-direction to perform a deburring operation by emitting an oxidizing gas stream that simultaneously removes burrs along the lateral cut produced by the torch in synchrony with translation of the torch in the Y-direction as the lateral cut is produced by the torch to oxidize the burrs before the burrs solidify.

Abstract: A case orienting system comprising a frame having a reference datum a traverse transport pivotally coupled to the frame about a traverse pivot axis, the traverse transport including a substantially continuous movable platform configured to support and transport at least one case in a case traverse direction along a traverse axis. The substantially continuous movable platform pivots about the traverse pivot axis to orient the case traverse direction to another traverse direction and a bias support disposed adjacent to and opposing the traverse transport and being movably coupled to the frame to move relative to the frame in opposition to the traverse transport, the bias support being configured to engage and seat against a seating surface of the at least one case to support the at least one case in a first orientation relative to the reference datum.

Abstract: PROBLEM: To provide a large device and a method which is advantageous for forming a large-area amorphous film. SOLUTION: A device of the invention sprays a flame including a particulate material with a spraying machine toward a substrate, melts the material with the flame, and cools the material and flame by cooling gas before they reach the substrate to form an amorphous film. The spraying machine has particulate material spraying ports and flame spraying ports such that the flame including the material has an oblong cross section. Inert gas spraying ports are successively placed on both sides across the ports of the material and flame. Mist spraying ports are successively placed on both sides across the ports for the material, flame and inert gas. A skirt is attached/detached depending on a combustion gas or a film width to restrain film width narrowing and increase of film thickness deviation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the thermal deburring of workpieces, having at least one deburring chamber and one feeding device for introducing a fuel gas mixture into the deburring chamber. A supplementary gas supply is provided for at least the deburring chamber or for the feeding device such that the fuel gas mixture located at least in the deburring chamber or in the feeding device can be mixed at least partially with supplementary gas. Further, a method for the rapid ventilation of a device for the thermal deburring of workpieces is also provided.

Abstract: A thermal energy method (TEM) machine for deburring and deflashing work pieces, the TEM machine having an explosion load bearing frame. The frame comprises spaced apart coparallel first and second frame walls and a lateral structural member spacing apart the first and second frame walls. The top portion of the TEM combustion chamber is supported by the lateral structural member. The first and second frame walls are adapted to support a vertical displacement means. The first and second frame walls, the lateral structural member, and the vertical displacement means cooperate to contain vertically-directed explosion forces exerted upon the combustion chamber during the operation of the combustion chamber. Methods for deburring and/or deflashing using such TEM machines are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thermal energy machining (“TEM”) machine gas handling system in which the improvement is a fluid-controlled pressure regulation subsystem for controlling the dispensing of a TEM process gas via the regulation of the pressure of the TEM process gas. Such subsystems include a pressure regulator, a pressure transducer, and a digital controller working in combination to control the process gas outlet pressure of the pressure regulator. The pressure regulator's diaphragm that controls the valve that regulates the process gas outlet pressure is mechanically acted upon by the piston of a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder. Controlling the pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder regulates the output pressure of the process gas. The pressure transducer and the digital controller work in combination to adjust the feed pressure of the pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, which in turn regulates the pressure of the process gas at the outlet of the pressure regulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the thermal deburring of workpieces, having at least one deburring chamber and one feeding device for introducing a fuel gas mixture into the deburring chamber. A supplementary gas supply is provided for at least the deburring chamber or for the feeding device such that the fuel gas mixture located at least in the deburring chamber or in the feeding device can be mixed at least partially with supplementary gas. Further, a method for the rapid ventilation of a device for the thermal deburring of workpieces is also provided.

Abstract: A thermal energy method (TEM) machine for deburring and deflashing work pieces, the TEM machine having an explosion load bearing frame. The frame comprises spaced apart coparallel first and second frame walls and a lateral structural member spacing apart the first and second frame walls. The top portion of the TEM combustion chamber is supported by the lateral structural member. The first and second frame walls are adapted to support a vertical displacement means. The first and second frame walls, the lateral structural member, and the vertical displacement means cooperate to contain vertically-directed explosion forces exerted upon the combustion chamber during the operation of the combustion chamber. Methods for deburring and/or deflashing using such TEM machines are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing burrs from inside slotted metal liners exposes the burrs to a high-intensity gas flame that effectively oxidizes or incinerates the burrs, without inducing undesirable temperature levels in the parent metal of the slotted liner. This is accomplished using a torch head assembly having multiple gas torch nozzles disposed radially around the circumferential perimeter of the torch head, such that when the torch head is passed through the interior of a slotted liner, the flames are directed toward the interior surface of the liner. Auxiliary oxygen is introduced at the nozzle outlets, resulting in a large increase in flame velocity and intensity and, in turn, an increase in the flame temperature. The auxiliary oxygen may be introduced through annular passages surrounding the nozzles, such that the auxiliary oxygen effectively forms a cylindrical curtain surrounding the flame at each nozzle.

Abstract: A thermal deburring machine (1) is described, comprising a press (2) into which a deburring chamber (3) containing the workpieces to be deburred is inserted. The press (2) and the chamber (3) have a horizontal axis and the chamber (3) is extracted from the press (2) with a horizontal movement to unload the deburred workpieces and to load the workpieces to be deburred. The chamber (3) is preferably axially slidable in a chamber holder (4) carried by a support (5) moveable in a horizontal direction, at right angles to the axis of the chamber (3). The machine (1) advantageously comprises two chambers (3) to carry out simultaneously the deburring of the workpieces loaded into the chamber (3) inserted in the press (2) and the unloading/loading of the other chamber (3) positioned outside the press (2). The machine (1) can also comprise a palletised and robotised system (20) for loading/unloading the workpieces from the chamber (3) positioned outside the press (2).

Abstract: A steel cutting system has a cutting torch on a first side of a slab of steel. A pair of oxygen jets is placed on a second side of the slab of steel.

Abstract: A system for the thermal treatment of work pieces with an explosive gas mixture, in particular, a thermal deburring system, has a processing chamber (10), which includes a combustion chamber (12) for receiving the work pieces. A supply channel (18) for the gas mixture opens into the combustion chamber (12). In the combustion chamber (12), a device is provided, which has a plurality of openings through which the flame front passes for thermally treating the work pieces. The device can be one that connects to the supply channel (18), preferably in the form of a tube (26) with a plurality of openings (28), which can be made from an extruded sheet. The work pieces obtain a more uniform processing or deburring effect, since the flame front passes through the many small openings of the device. The small openings (28) serve also as throttles, whereby the entire combustion process runs for a longer time.

Abstract: A camera is arranged to map defects in the molten metal bath formed by scarfing using a scarfing torch on a steel slap. The camera has a field of a large area of the slab and records the defects as flashes of high intensity light the nature of which identifies the type of defect.

Abstract: A lower pre-heat block assembly (9) for use with a metal scarfing apparatus (5) is disclosed. The lower pre-heat block assembly has a lower block (38) and an extension (39) engaged upon and in overlying relationship with a front face (46) of the lower block. A gas discharge outlet (56) is defined within the front face of the block. The extension may partially overlie the gas discharge outlet such that a gas discharge orifice (70) is defined in the front face of the block by the extension. The extension includes an upper face (58) which extends forwardly from the front face of the block, and is recessed with respect to an upper face (41) of the block.

Abstract: An oxygen cutting machine (1) is designed for a billets, blooms, slabs or heavy plates in a pair of up and down arranged rails (3) having a novel heat protection plate (6) and no uncooled machine parts below the rails (3), which moves sideways with a drifting work-piece (2) being a clamping system, having a clamp down skid (10) to cover various thickness of work-piece (2) and can be used with so-called cutting push bars (24) for cutting against each other of two oxygen cutting burners (9). A new oxygen cutting burner (9) or nozzle quick exchange system improves use and maintenance. Cutting safety and cut quality are improved by the gas control for pressures and mass flow near the burners. A novel roll deburrer (32) to deburr just oxygen cut strand pieces (2) after the oxygen cutting machine (1) facilitates the to and fro deburring and the transport of extremely short pieces over the deburrer gap.

Abstract: A lower pre-heat block assembly (9) for use with a metal scarfing apparatus (5) is disclosed. The lower pre-heat block assembly has a lower block (38) and an extension (39) engaged upon and in overlying relationship with a front face (46) of the lower block. A gas discharge outlet (56) is defined within the front face of the block. The extension may partially overlie the gas discharge outlet such that a gas discharge orifice (70) is defined in the front face of the block by the extension. The extension includes an upper face (58) which extends forwardly from the front face of the block, and is recessed with respect to an upper face (41) of the block.

Abstract: A compact plasma cutting apparatus suitable for the thermal cutting of concrete structures includes a sealed housing to which a plasma gas is fed under pressure. A metal strip that serves as an outer hollow electrode is bent such that a widthwise section thereof is in circular form, while a metal rod or tube is continuously inserted through a hollow portion of the thus formed outer electrode, with an insulator located between both electrodes. While gas is passed between the inner and outer electrodes, an arc is produced at open ends of both electrodes to generate a plasma gas, which is in turn blown onto a concrete structure for thermal cutting. The formation of both electrodes is effected depending on consumption of the electrodes, thereby carrying out thermal cutting continuously. A high-efficient yet economical cutting method is achieved using the cutting apparatus.

Abstract: A method of machining a blind slot 3 in a workpiece 2 comprises heating the surface of the workpiece 2 above its melting temperature with, for example, a beam of laser energy and directing at least two gas streams 5, 6 such that they together with the base of the slot 3, create a vortex having a predetermined rotational direction for removing molten material from the slot 3.

Abstract: A metal scarfing apparatus having provision for controlling the scarfing depth of cut in separate areas across the width of the hot workpiece, to thereby compensate for the effects of temperature and/or quality variations and achieve a uniform surface. The apparatus comprises a gas distribution manifold having an internal gas distribution bore, and the bore communicates via a plurality of radial drillings with each of a plurality of scarfing units mounted to the manifold in a side-by-side arrangement. The bore in the manifold is divided into three chambers having separately controllable gas delivery systems, so as to permit independent control of the depth of cut in each of the width segments of the workpiece corresponding to the three bore chambers. Also, the central chamber of the bore is adjustable in length so as to accommodate workpieces of varying width.

Abstract: A lower block assembly for a thermochemical scarfing apparatus which comprises a base member and an extension releasably joined to the base member. The extension includes a continuous slot across its longitudinal length for delivering a stream of fuel gas onto the metal workpiece during the scarfing operation, and the base member and extension include a gas delivery system for delivering fuel gas to the slot at a substantially uniform rate along the entire longitudinal length of the slot and so as to achieve a uniform scarfing operation and a smooth scarfed surface across the width of the workpiece.

Abstract: A block assembly for a thermochemical scarfing apparatus which allows a greater diagonal standoff distance from the metal workpiece during preheating. The block assembly comprises a base member and an extension releasably joined to the base member, and the base member and extension include an internal network of gas distribution lines for separately delivering both oxygen and fuel gas to each of a plurality of discharge openings which are disposed in a longitudinal row along the front face of the extension. A nozzle insert is releasably mounted in each discharge opening, such that during preheating, the oxygen may be discharged from each discharge opening as a central high velocity stream and the fuel gas may be discharged as a concentric stream which coaxially surrounds the central stream, and so that the momentum of the central stream is maintained.

Abstract: A block assembly for a thermochemical scarfing apparatus which allows a greater diagonal standoff distance from the metal workpiece during preheating. The block assembly comprises a base member and an extension releasably joined to the base member, and the base member and extension include an internal network of gas distribution lines for separately delivering both oxygen and fuel gas to each of a plurality of discharge openings which are disposed in a longitudinal row along the front face of the extension. A nozzle insert is releasably mounted in each discharge opening, such that during preheating, the oxygen may be discharged from each discharge opening as a central high velocity stream and the fuel gas may be discharged as a concentric stream which coaxially surrounds the central stream, and so that the momentum of the central stream is maintained.

Abstract: A thermochemical scarfing apparatus is disclosed which allows a greater diagonal standoff distance from the metal workpiece during preheating. The operating steps of the apparatus includes preheating the end of the metal workpiece, and then scarfing the workpiece by directing a scarfing oxygen stream onto the workpiece at an acute angle and while moving the workpiece past the oxygen outlet port. The preheating step includes generating a high speed stream of oxidizing gas and a concentric stream of fuel gas coaxially about the central stream, so that the momentum of the central stream is maintained. As a result, the effective flame heating distance may be extended, and the manifold and head assembly which supports the preheating gas nozzles may be moved back from the workpiece a significant standoff distance so as to avoid damage from dislodged molten metal slag.

Abstract: A method for deburring especially a steel strip (1) cut into slabs (1a) with the aid of an oxygen cutting torch (18) whose blast is perpendicular to one (2) of the principal faces of the strip (1). The method consists in directing, onto the principal face (3) of the strip (1) opposite the principal face (2) receiving the blast from the oxygen cutting torch (18) and in the zone for cutting up the strip (1), a blast of fluid which is inert with respect to the blast from the torch (18).

Abstract: A thermochemical scarfing method is disclosed which allows a greater diagonal standoff distance from the metal workpiece during preheating. The method includes preheating the end of the metal workpiece, and then scarfing the workpiece by directing a scarfing oxygen stream onto the workpiece at an acute angle and while moving the workpiece past the oxygen outlet port. The preheating step includes generating a high speed stream of oxidizing gas and a concentric stream of fuel gas coaxially about the central stream, so that the momentum of the central stream is maintained. As a result, the effective flame heating distance may be extended, and the manifold and head assembly which supports the preheating gas nozzles may be moved back from the workpiece a significant standoff distance so as to avoid damage from dislodged molten metal slag.

Abstract: A scarfing apparatus which allows a greater diagonal stand-off distance from a slab during preheating and scarfing is disclosed. The apparatus includes a manifold and head assembly for receiving and distributing oxygen and fuel gas. Upper and lower preheat blocks extend from the manifold and head assembly. The blocks are spaced to define an oxygen scarfing slot and discharge orifice of predetermined size for receiving a flow of scarfing oxygen from the manifold and head assembly. A plurality of preheat nozzle inserts are mounted within the upper preheat block adjacent to each other in a row substantially across the width of the upper preheat block. Each nozzle insert includes a central bore through which a flow of oxygen is received from the manifold and head assembly and discharged through the insert.

Abstract: The invention comprises an apparatus for removing from the outer surface the raised bead resulting from welding in the manufacture of continuous seam-welded metal tubes. A stage or travelling support block mounted for movement transversely of the advancing tube carries a pair of scarfing blades, each of which may have a plurality of cutting edges moveable seriatim into operative position. Adjusting screws operatively connected to the stage permit the stage and the scarfing blades thereon to be manually adjusted both laterally and vertically relative to the tube, and to selectively position either one of the scarfing blades for bead removal. A piston rod is connected by suitable linkage to the stage for rapidly advancing and retracting the stage upon command to move the scarfing blade into and out of operative position.

Abstract: The torch fitted with a nozzle (6) comprises a visual observation optical device having one end part coaxially inside the central gas feed pipe (7) and the other end extending outside the body (1) at the opposite end to the nozzle; the optical device being situated a specific distance from the main orifice (17) of the nozzle so that the bounds of its angle of view pass through the edges of said main orifice.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling a quantity of an explosive gas mixture to be used in treating workpieces with thermal and pressure shocks wherein a signal gas having a predetermined initial pressure is introduced into a workpiece treatment chamber of the apparatus for determining a volume of workpiece loaded into the treatment chamber by a pressure difference between the predetermined initial pressure of the signal gas and a filling pressure thereof, which pressure difference is representative of the volume of the workpieces in the treatment chamber, and metering of the explosive gas mixture is effected in accordance with this pressure difference.

Abstract: A method of thermal deburring of metal parts which is carried out in a chamber in two stages. The chamber is initially filled with a mixture of a combustible gas and air, the amount of each component in the mixture and the pressure thereof being dependent on the necessity to ensure the burning-out of oils and evaporation of moisture from the surface of parts being treated. The mixture is subsequently ignited. As a result, the moisture evaporates, and the oils burn out. Products of combustion are then expelled from the chamber. Then the chamber is filled with a mixture of a combustible gas and oxygen and the mixture is ignited, and the burrs on the parts are burnt down.

Abstract: An apparatus for deburring workpieces by gas detonation comprises a bed (1) having mounted thereon a casing (2) open at one end (4), and an indexing table (6) with bottoms (7) arranged alternately in front of the open end (4) of the casing (2). There is also provided a drive (9) for moving the bottom (7) toward the open end (4) of the casing (2) to form during their connection a gas detonation chamber (10), and a system (13) for feeding gases thereto for forming an explosive mixture with a spark plug (15). Connection of the casing (2) to the bottom (7) is done by a bayonet joint (16) one element of which is kinematically linked with a drive (17) for turning it relative to the other element.

Abstract: A thermopulse apparatus for deburring parts has a hollow body (1) housing a working chamber (2) in such a manner as to define a space (7) between the outer walls (6) thereof and inner walls (4) of the body (1) for liquid (8) partly filling the space. The chamber (2) has spark plugs (9), an inlet valve (20), an exhaust valve (12) mounted in the bottom part of the chamber (2) along the longitudinal axis (16) thereof under the layer of liquid (8), and a covermember (13) for accommodation of the parts (14) being treated, the convermember being reciprocatable within the chamber (2). Ports (23 and 32) respectively are provided in the side walls (22) of the valve (12) and in the covermember (13) on the side of the valve (12).

Abstract: An apparatus for thermal deburring of parts has a working chamber (6) with a bottom member (3), an inlet valve (8), a spark plug (9) and an outlet valve. The latter is made in the form of a rod (10) having a through passage (11), one end of the passage communicating with the interior of the chamber (6) and the other end being disposed in a vessel (1) containing a liquid (2) and surrounded by an annular cooling chamber (13).

Abstract: An apparatus has a cylindrical working chamber (2) with a bottom member (7) provided with admission and discharge valves (3,5) and a spark plug (4). The bottom member (7) is made as a hollow cylinder having end plates and openings (8), the height and outside diameter of which are approximately equal to the height and inside diameter of the working chamber (2). Sealing rings (11, 12) are interposed between the chamber (2) and the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: Apparatus for scarfing defects in a metal workpiece having an oxygen discharge nozzle terminating in a nozzle discharge orifice adapted to discharge a sheet-like stream of cutting oxygen of uniform intensity across the surface of a metal workpiece and means for admixing a gas with the oxygen to be discharged through the discharge orifice wherein at least one edge of the sheet-like stream of oxygen is of reduced privity insufficient to scarf a workpiece, while the remainder of the sheet-like stream is sufficient to scarf defects from a workpiece surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for processing of steel billets or the like to remove surface defects. A material-removing device such as a grinding wheel is automatically controlled to initiate removal of material at points where defects have been detected and to continue removal of material as long as cracks or other defects continue to be detected. In certain disclosed embodiments, an inspection is performed using magnetic particle or other inspection equipment, the initial removal of material being controlled therefrom. Thereafter, material-removal is controlled from signals produced by a probe which is carried in the removal device or adjacent thereto. In other disclosed embodiments, a thin layer of material is removed to permit detection of defects by a probe, the material-removal being both initiated and continued under control of probe signals.

Abstract: An improved method of and apparatus for striping hot steel slabs on the runout table of a continuous caster employs a torch support and drive mechanism adapted to support a scarfing torch for movement at a uniform rate across the surface of a slab maintained in a stationary position on the runout table. A radiation thermometer supported for movement with the torch is focused to continuously monitor the striping operation by detecting flashes or temperature increases resulting from reduction of alumina inclusions during the striping process and transmitting an electrical signal to a microprocessor which converts the signal to electrical impulses that are counted, recorded or otherwise utilized to evaluate the slab being striped. The microprocessor controls operation of the apparatus during the striping process to provide a more reliable evaluation of the slab.

Abstract: The surface and/or subsurface defects of the surface to be treated are detected, preferably over the entire said surface. The defects are eliminated by scarfing with a torch and/or by milling, following which the treated surface is inspected and cleaned. The detection, elimination, inspection, and cleaning devices are maneuvered by means of programmable robots or automatons controlled by a computer. The process may be applied on-line to hot, moving products (e.g., rolled or continuous cast products).

Abstract: An apparatus for internally removing a raised weld bead of a longitudinal seam welded tube having an elongate mandrel support body. A cutting tool is mounted on the support body adjacent one of its ends and projects outwardly from one surface on the body. A pivot roll and a stabilizing roll are mounted in the support body in spaced relation in the elongate direction of the body and project outwardly from the same surface as the cutting tool. A resiliently mounted carriage roll disposed between the pivot roll and the stabilizing roll which projects outwardly from the surface of the support body opposite the one surface. A tilting roll remotely disposed from the cutting tool and moveable in either vertical direction by cams to effect pivotal movement of the support body about the pivot roll, and advance and retract the cutting tool with respect to the internal weld bead.

Abstract: A nozzle for the cutting beard removal where by means of additional heat supply the beard is liquified and blown away by the kinetic energy of a gas jet are formed by an upper and a lower nozzle plate with fuel gas discharge openings and an oxygen slot formed between them which is feeding an ever increasing quantity of oxygen at its longitudinal ends. This is reached by the oxygen slot forming the discharge end of a cone emerging from a distribution chamber enlarged in its longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A short nozzle tip for a torch for thermochemical cutting or flame machining has a central cutting oxygen feed bore comprising an intake portion, a reduced-section portion and a conically flaring discharge portion. Associated with the central oxygen feed bore are fuel gas bores which extend parallel to the central bore and which are disposed in an annular array therearound, while arranged outside the array of fuel gas bores is a further array heating oxygen bores which extend at an inclined angle to the discharge end of the fuel gas bores and issue directly therebeside.

Abstract: An inspection track is scarfed by moving a burner across a flat surface of a steel slab, particularly a slab of ductile steel of deep-drawing quality, to enable sub-surface inspection of the slab. To achieve accurate control of the depth of the track, the burner is mounted on a burner carriage having at least one skid surface which contacts the slab surface of the slab at an unscarfed region thereof. A guide track is spaced from the slab surface and the carriage is moved with said skid making sliding contact with the slab surface while guided by said guide track. The skid surface makes substantial contact pressure with the slab surface so that scale on the slab surface is pushed aside and/or crushed by the skid surface, whereby the burner is maintained at a substantially constant distance from the slab surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to the surface stripping treatment of objects consisting of iron with a high carbon content, the surface stripping treatment being carried out by means of a flame which is directed at the surface and which is formed by the combustion of a heating gas with oxygen, there being also provided in the impingement zone of the flame a gas which flows at a slower velocity than the heating gas and the oxygen and which also reacts endothermically with at least one component of the flame gases.

Abstract: During the flame cutting of a workpiece, a slag bead is produced and is removed by a scarfing burner directed only towards the cut surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: Scarfing apparatus for thermochemically treating a metal surface including a desurfacing head and an upper and lower block extending from the head in spaced apart relation to define a slot-like nozzle, output discharge means in at least one of the blocks for discharging a gas and a gas distribution assembly for distributing gas evenly across said output discharge means with the gas distribution assembly including an inlet supply chamber, a manifold discharge chamber which intersects the inlet supply chamber to form a ledge and a gas redistribution member supported upon said ledge for redirecting gas flow from said inlet supply chamber into said manifold discharge chamber.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of selective crack removal from ingots and slabs, and the torch for carrying out the method.The method comprises burning surface impurities with a jet of oxygen, the strength and shape of which vary continually according to the characteristics of the defect to be removed. The torch for carrying out the method has an oxygen nozzle which is divided into a plurality of parallel pipes, the supply of gas to the pipes being controlled individually.The method allows cracks to be removed economically and rapidly from metallurgical products such as ingots and slabs.

Abstract: An apparatus for internal flash removal is intended for use in pipe manufacture and comprises a hollow supporting bar inserted into a pipe being welded and carrying an oxygen duct with a main nozzle and a cooled ferrite-holder. An additional nozzle having an oxygen conduit common with the main nozzle is arranged downstream of the main nozzle in the direction of welding. The main and the additional nozzles have oval outlets of different clear openings and are arranged at different acute angles to the weld in the same plane passing through the pipe axis and the weld. The apparatus ensures a quality weld surface finish inside the pipe.

Abstract: A flaw detecting unit inspects the surface of a red-hot steel material, the nail marking unit drives steel nails into the flaw in response to the flaw detection signal, and a scarfing unit scarfs the flaw starting from the nails in response to the scarfing command signal.

Abstract: An instantaneous scarfing cut on the surface of a metal workpiece can be made by:(a) causing relative motion between the workpiece and a stream of scarfing oxygen gas, and simultaneously therewith(1) impinging at least one laser beam on the work surface so as to produce a heated path of desired length across said surface relative to its direction of motion, said heated path being produced by the laser beam heating a series of points on said surface to their oxygen ignition temperature, and(2) impinging a stream of scarfing oxygen onto said heated path, thereby causing an instantaneous scarfing cut to begin along said path, and(b) continuing the flow of scarfing oxygen until the desired length of cut has been produced.