Abstract: A dross removal device including: a dross robot that is configured to collect a bath surface dross present on a bath surface of a coating bath; a dross sensor that is configured to measure an intensity of infrared light from the bath surface of the coating bath; a dross sensor control device that is configured to specify a position of the bath surface dross according to a temporal change amount in the intensity of the infrared light; and a dross robot control device that is configured to cause the dross robot to collect the bath surface dross at the position specified by the dross sensor control device.

Abstract: A device for driving a flexible lance for cleaning a heat exchanger duct or the like, includes a frame in which a driving mechanism is arranged for moving this flexible lance in a driving direction in the direction of an outlet opening. The driving mechanism is provided with a clamp member which can be clamped on the flexible lance and which is movable in the frame towards and away from this outlet opening. The clamp member is mounted on an endless drive element. The active part of the endless drive runs parallel to the driving direction. The drive mechanism further comprises at least one non-driven counter roller arranged opposite said clamp member. The lance is clamped between the clamp member and the counter roller.

Abstract: A surface detection apparatus for a blast furnace is provided. An antenna is fixed to a side of a container attached to an opening portion of the blast furnace and having a bottom surface opened in correspondence to the opening portion. A reflection plate is disposed in the container immediately above the opening portion so as to face the opening portion and the antenna. A tilt angle varying mechanism and a rotation mechanism for the reflection plate are configured as a double pipe structure and are provided at an anti-antenna side of the reflection plate.

Abstract: A container for use as a single-use component in a processing system for performing a biological, biochemical, or biotechnological process includes a wall surrounding a container interior space with a sensor arrangement integrated into the wall, where the sensor arrangement includes at least one sensor and one housing, and where the housing includes a housing wall, which surrounds a housing interior space containing the sensor and separates the housing interior space from the container interior space, characterized in that the housing wall comprises a wall region, which is designed as a predetermined breaking point.

Abstract: A device to measure a temperature of molten metal may include an infrared sensor effective to measure the temperature of the molten metal, a sheath having an open end, a sealed end, and a channel extending from the open end to the sealed end, and an infrared-transparent window disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath. The open end of the sheath is disposed near the infrared sensor and the sealed end of the sheath extends into the molten metal. The infrared-transparent window or rod is disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath such that the infrared sensor can measure the temperature through the infrared-transparent window or rod, the channel, and the sealed end. The infrared-transparent window or rod seals the infrared sensor from the channel in the sheath.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel, comprising a blowing head (5) having a feed line (5b) for delivering gas, in particular oxygen, to the blowing head (5), and at least one Laval nozzle (1) disposed on the blowing head (5), said nozzle having an inlet section (2) which conveys the gas and an outlet section (3), wherein the gas is delivered to the inlet section (2) via the feed line (5b) and leaves the outlet section (3) at supersonic speed, wherein the Laval nozzle (1) comprises at least one first nozzle part (2, 3) and a second nozzle part (7), wherein the nozzle parts (2, 3, 7) are adjustable relative to one another by changing the geometry of the Laval nozzle (1).

Abstract: A method, implemented by a software-controlled computer device and/or by dedicated hardware, for probing an electrically conductive target material, e.g. molten metal or semiconductor material, in a metallurgical vessel. In the method, a measurement signal is acquired from a sensor, which is inserted into the target material, during a relative displacement between the electrically conductive target material and the sensor, the measurement signal being indicative of electrical conductivity in the vicinity of the sensor. The measurement signal is generated to represent momentary changes in an electromagnetic field around the sensor, which is created by operating at least one coil in the sensor. Based on the measurement signal, a signal profile is generated to be indicative of the electrical conductivity as a function of the relative movement. The method enables a probing of the internal distribution of the target material in the vessel at any level of detail.

Abstract: A device to measure a temperature of molten metal may include an infrared sensor effective to measure the temperature of the molten metal, a sheath having an open end, a sealed end, and a channel extending from the open end to the sealed end, and an infrared-transparent window disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath. The open end of the sheath is disposed near the infrared sensor and the sealed end of the sheath extends into the molten metal. The infrared-transparent window or rod is disposed between the infrared sensor and the channel of the sheath such that the infrared sensor can measure the temperature through the infrared-transparent window or rod, the channel, and the sealed end. The infrared-transparent window or rod seals the infrared sensor from the channel in the sheath.

Abstract: A starting material 2 in the form of a magnesium-containing metal melt is present together with the upper region 32 of a condensation vessel 3 in the upper region 11 of a retort 1 heated by the external heating element 5, wherein the steam produced according to the arrows 91, according to arrow 92, enters the upper region 32 of the condensation vessel 3 through the opening 31 below the cover 4 which provides protection from unwanted ingress of contaminated magnesium melt, wherein said steam condenses in the lower region 12 of the retort which is heated by a second heating element 51, below the line 8 corresponding to the melting point isotherm of magnesium, to give the high-purity magnesium melt 21 in the lower region 33 of the condensation vessel 3.

Abstract: A system including a movable lance (1), which measures or influences physical or chemical quantities of a melt (2) in a converter (3), and a device for contactless position measurement of the movable lance (1). Also, a converter system including such a system and a method for the contactless position measurement of the movable lance (1). For position measurement of a movable lance (1) in converter steel production, the system has a stationary transmitter (4) for emitting electromagnetic waves (7), a stationary receiver (5) for receiving the emitted electromagnetic waves (7), a reflector (6), which is connected to the movable lance (1) and on which the electromagnetic waves (7) can be reflected, and a calculator (8) for calculating the absolute position of the lance from the propagation time of the electromagnetic waves (7) emitted by the transmitter (4) in the direction of the reflector (6), reflected by the reflector (6) in the direction (2) of the receiver means (5), and received by the receiver (5).

Abstract: There is provided a method for heat treatment, a heat treatment apparatus, and a heat treatment system capable of performing highly precise and efficient control of heat treatment such as a bright treatment of materials to be treated with ease and safety. A heat treatment furnace has in-furnace structures made of graphite and has a heat-treatment chamber in which heat treatment of materials to be treated is performed. A value of ?G0 (standard formation Gibbs energy) is computed with reference to the sensor information from respective sensors, and an Ellingham diagram, a control range, and a status of the heat treatment furnace in operation expressed by ?G0 are displayed on a display device 331. A control unit 334 controls a flow rate of neutral gas or inactive gas as atmosphere gas or a flow velocity of the gas so that ?G0 is within the control range.

Abstract: Metallurgical treatment of a steel melt is provided in a vacuum melting system in which acoustic signals generated in a pan receiving the steel melt are recorded with at least one structure-borne sound pick-up acoustically coupled directly or indirectly to the pan. The acoustic signals are used to determine a variable characterizing the operating state of the vacuum melting system.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace system having a furnace body at least partially defined by a refractory wall and configured for holding a molten metal therein. The system further including one or more cooling elements, each including a working fluid contained therein and defining a heat absorption section and a heat rejection section. The heat absorption section configured for disposing within the refractory wall to absorb heat from the refractory wall. The heat rejection section configured to reside outside the refractory wall to reject heat absorbed by the heat absorption section. The working fluid generating a vapor flow within the one or more cooling elements in response to absorbed heat. The cooling system further including a coolant flow in contact with an exterior surface of the one or more cooling elements for dissipating heat from the heat rejection section. A cooling system for a metallurgical furnace and method of cooling are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing reduced iron from ironmaking dust which contains iron oxide which is generated at an ironmaking plant, takes note of the rotary kiln reduction method which does not require pretreatment of the dust, and has as its problem the pursuit of facilities which achieve further improvement of heat efficiency and stable operation. To solve this problem, the present invention is characterized by heating and reducing carbon-containing shaped materials in a single closed space in which an internal heat type rotary kiln and an external heat type rotary kiln are arranged in series and including at least the insides of the two rotary kilns during which making the reduced exhaust gas which is generated at the external heat type rotary kiln burn inside of the internal heat type rotary kiln.

Abstract: The invention provides a vertical annealing furnace including a heating zone and a soaking zone without any partition wall therebetween. The furnace has furnace-to-refiner gas suction openings disposed in a lower portion of a joint between the soaking zone and a cooling zone and in the heating zone and/or the soaking zone except a region extending 6 m in a vertical direction and 3 m in a furnace length direction both from a steel strip inlet at a lower portion of the heating zone. The furnace has refiner-to-furnace gas ejection openings disposed in a region in the joint between the soaking zone and the cooling zone, the region being located above the pass line in the joint, and in a region in the heating zone located above 2 m below the center of upper hearth rolls in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A system and method of verifying that a part is heat treated to strengthen the part. The part is marked with a thermo-chromatic composition before heat treating. The part is then heat treated to strengthen the part and change the color of the thermo-chromatic composition to indicate successful completion of the heat treating process. A detector may act to prevent the inclusion of a non-heat treated part in an assembly by disabling an assembly tool. A controller may also provide data related to the completion of the heat treating process to be recorded in a database.

Abstract: A lance (10), for conducting a pyrometallurgical operation by top submerged lancing (TSL) injection, wherein the lance (10) has at least an inner pipe (12) and outer pipe (14) which are substantially concentric. The lower outlet of the inner pipe (12) is set at a level relative to the lower, outlet end of the outer pipe (14) required for pyrometallurgical operation. The lance (10) further includes a shroud (22) through which the outer pipe (14) extends and which is mounted on and extends along an upper portion of the outer pipe (14) to define with the outer pipe (14) a passageway (28) along which gas is able to be supplied for flow towards the outlet end of the outer pipe (14) for discharge exteriorly of the lance (10). The shroud (22) is longitudinally adjustable relative to the outer pipe (14) to enable substantial maintenance of or variation in, a longitudinal spacing between the outlet ends of the shroud (22) and the outer pipe (14).

Abstract: A magnetic pump in a pump well in a molten metal furnace with a long, relatively thin side wall that wraps around a significant fraction of the circumference of the pump, which facilitates creation of an eddy current based flow field in the molten material with better magnetic coupling, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the pump. Breach of the well wall will not result in spillage of metal outside the furnace, and the well can be monitored for any such breach or other change so that the pump can be lifted out of the well to protect it from contact with the molten metal in the event of such a breach, or other appropriate action can be taken.

Abstract: A magnetic pump in a pump well in a molten metal furnace with a long, relatively thin side wall that wraps around a significant fraction of the circumference of the pump, which facilitates creation of an eddy current based flow field in the molten material with better magnetic coupling, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the pump. Breach of the well wall will not result in spillage of metal outside the furnace, and the well can be monitored for any such breach or other change so that the pump can be lifted out of the well to protect it from contact with the molten metal in the event of such a breach, or other appropriate action can be taken.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for removing metal from complex materials.

Abstract: An ultrasound device for the treatment of surfaces and welded joints is disclosed. The device has a housing with a plurality of shaped slots formed therein. A reciprocally moveable sleeve is attached to the housing, and contains an ultrasonic transducer. A reciprocally moveable attachment is attached to an operating end of the sleeve, and has a detachable working head mounted thereon. A pin is positioned in a pin slot on the housing, and anchors the sleeve to the housing to limit movement of the sleeve. The pin is biased towards the front of the pin slot by means of a spring, and a moveable spigot provides a predetermined contact force between the ultrasound device and a work surface. The spigot has spigot pins that are inserted into the plurality of shaped slots in the housing in order to restrict axial movement of the spigot, thereby providing added compression or tension to the spring in order to provide the predetermined contact force.

Abstract: A lance for conducting a pyrometallurgical operation by top submerged lancing (TSL) injection, has inner and outer substantially concentric pipes. The lower end of the inner or at least a next innermost pipe is set at a level relative to the lower end of the outer pipe required for the pyrometallurgical operation. The relative positions of the inner and outer pipes are longitudinally adjustable to enable the length of the mixing chamber to be maintained at a desired setting during a period of use to compensate for the lower end of the outer pipe wearing and burning back.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering valuable metals and manufacturing multifunctional aggregate from slag. The apparatus includes a slag reforming processing pot 10 in which molten slag discharged from a converter or an electric furnace is stored, a reducing agent introducing part 20 which introduces a reducing agent into the slag reforming processing pot from above, the reducing agent recovering valuable metals from the molten slag, a reducing agent inflow part 25 which inputs a reducing agent into the slag reforming processing pot through a lower portion of a side of the slag reforming processing pot, the reducing agent recovering valuable metals from the molten slag, and cooling units 30 and 40 which create bubbles and perform controlled cooling in order to convert the molten slag, from which the valuable metals are recovered, into a light material having a porous structure.

Abstract: Extracting gallium and/or arsenic from materials comprising gallium arsenide is generally disclosed. In some example embodiments, a material comprising gallium arsenide may be exposed to a first heating condition to form a first exhaust. The first exhaust may be directed to an arsenic collection bed including aluminum, which may form aluminum arsenide. The material including gallium arsenide may be exposed to a second heating condition and/or a vacuum may be applied, which may form a second exhaust. The second exhaust may be directed to a gallium collection bed including aluminum, which may form gallium alloys of aluminum.

Abstract: Diagnostic methods and systems are used to determine operating condition and performance of a cooling element in a metallurgical reactor during operation of the reactor. The system can include sensing means, processing means and display means. The sensing means is located in or approximate the cooling element for sensing operating conditions of the cooling element. The processing means is in communication with the sensing means for receiving data corresponding to the sensed operating conditions and for processing the data to determine a relative condition indicator of the cooling element. The display means is in communication with the processing means and displays the relative condition indicator to a user of the diagnostic system. The display means can display a first, second or third state representative of the relative health indicator.

Abstract: What is proposed is a mixing and kneading machine (1) which is suitable, in particular, for continuously conditioning metals such as aluminium or magnesium for a subsequent die-casting operation. To this end, the mixing and kneading machine (1) has a worm shaft (3) which rotates and at the same time moves in translation in the axial direction in a housing (2). The temperature of both the housing (2) and the worm shaft (3) is controlled by means of a flowing gas in such a manner that the conditioned metal assumes a thixotropic state when it leaves the mixing and kneading machine (1).

Abstract: A resident measurement system for a charge level of a blast furnace includes a chamber, a servo system, a distance measurement unit, and a cooling-cleaning unit. The chamber is combined with a lateral furnace wall of the blast-furnace, covers an opening of the furnace wall, and has a pivoting hole. A pivot of the distance measurement unit is pivotally disposed at the pivoting hole, and the distance measurement unit is driven by the servo system to perform a motion with the pivot as a movement center, so as to measure the charge level. The cooling-cleaning unit is used to supply a high-pressure gas, which flows through the distance measurement unit to perform cooling and cleansing operations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing apparatus of a hot-rolled steel sheet capable of cooling control of a steel sheet even when disposing a cooling device capable of cooling from inside a finishing mill. The manufacturing apparatus of a hot-rolled steel sheet comprises: an immediate rapid-cooling device capable of spraying cooling water, at least a part thereof being disposed inside a final stand in the row of hot finishing mills; a device for measuring a temperature on an entry side of a final stand; a device for measuring a steel sheet passing speed; a device for predicting a rapid-cooling stopping temperature which calculates a predicted rapid-cooling stopping temperature; and an immediate rapid-cooling control device which corrects the water supply volume or water supply pressure of the immediate rapid-cooling device such that the predicted rapid-cooling stopping temperature matches a targeted rapid-cooling stopping temperature.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are disclosed for improved recovery of metal from hot and cold dross, wherein a dross-treating furnace is provided with a filling material with capacity to store heat. This filling material is preheated to a desired temperature by injection of an oxidizing gas to burn non-recoverable metal remaining in the filling material after tapping of the recoverable metal contained in the dross and discharging of the treatment residue. When dross is treated in such furnace, the heat emanating by conduction from the filling material is sufficient to melt and separate the recoverable metal contained in the dross, without addition of an external heat source, such as fuel or gas burners, plasma torches or electric arcs and without use of any salt fluxes. Furthermore, the recovered metal being in the molten state can be fed to the molten metal holding furnace without cooling the melt.

Abstract: A stave/brick construction, comprising: a stave having a plurality of ribs and a plurality of channels, wherein a front face of the stave defines a first opening into each of the channels; a plurality of bricks wherein each brick is insertable into one of the plurality of channels via its first opening to a position, upon rotation of the brick, partially disposed in the one channel such that one or more portions of the brick at least partially engage one or more surfaces of the one channel and/or of a first rib of the plurality of ribs whereby the brick is locked against removal from the one channel through its first opening via linear movement without first being rotated; and one or more wear monitors and/or thermocouples, wherein each wear monitor and thermocouple is disposed through or adjacent to the stave and/or one or more of the bricks.

Abstract: A method for recycling noble metals from electronic waste materials and apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps: mechanically breaking up the electronic waste materials; removing rubber and plastic materials by electrostatic separation; removing ferromagnetic metals by magnetic separation; removing residual rubber and plastic materials by microwave pyrolysis; removing low-melting-point metals by indirectly heating using microwave; separating the noble metals from one another in turn from low-melting-point metal to high-melting-point metal for recycle. The apparatus includes a microwave housing. A filtering screen is positioned on the inside wall of the housing horizontally, and vertically-arranged and open-ended heating pipes are positioned over the filtering screen. The method and apparatus can adequately recycle resources in the electronic waste materials.

Abstract: A remotely controlled, semi-automatic sampling and temperature measuring apparatus for steelmaking comprises (i) an air-cooled main probe body carrying a retractable metallic pipe pole containing a plurality of measuring cardboard cartridges by means of a push-pull driving mechanism; (ii) a non-cooled half-moon circular probe housing comprising a rotating arm for inserting and removal of the main probe body from the furnace by means of a hydraulic rotating actuator; and (iii) a double sided frame arm connected to the furnace shell for rotating and repositioning the half-moon circular probe housing and the main probe body away from the furnace for replacing the cardboard cartridges.

Abstract: A process for heating a metal feedstock (31) fed in continuous to a smelting furnace (30) through a second horizontal heating section (34) through which hot discharge fumes collected from said furnace (30) pass, said fumes exerting a heating phase of said feedstock (31), characterized in that, immediately before entering said second heating section (34), the feedstock (31) is subjected to a preheating phase by heating means other than the discharge fumes collected from the smelting furnace (30). In a plant for the embodiment of said process, said different heating means are envisaged inside a first preheating section (33), which is operatively connected with said second heating section (34) by means of an intermediate fume evacuation section (35), the fumes coming from said sections (33) and (34) being conveyed to said section. Said sections (33, 34) preferably have a tunnel configuration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel, comprising a blowing head (5) having a feed line (5b) for delivering gas, in particular oxygen, to the blowing head (5), and at least one Laval nozzle (1) disposed on the blowing head (5), said nozzle having an inlet section (2) which conveys the gas and an outlet section (3), wherein the gas is delivered to the inlet section (2) via the feed line (5b) and leaves the outlet section (3) at supersonic speed, wherein the Laval nozzle (1) comprises at least one first nozzle part (2, 3) and a second nozzle part (7), wherein the nozzle parts (2, 3, 7) are adjustable relative to one another by changing the geometry of the Laval nozzle (1).

Abstract: Embodiments of methods for vacuum heat treating refractory metal articles (e.g., implantable medical devices), and heat treating apparatuses for use in such methods are disclosed. Heat treating refractory metal articles under high vacuum (e.g., 10?6 Torr) may improve strength and ductility and remove material contaminants (e.g., oxygen or hydrogen) that may be absorbed during manufacturing processes. Heat treating methods include disposing a refractory metal article in a heat treating apparatus, drawing a vacuum therein, and moving the article to a heated zone in the furnace using a drive system that permits movement of the article while the vacuum is maintained in the apparatus. A heat treating apparatus may include an elongate furnace tube that may be sealed and placed under vacuum, a heating element disposed around at least a portion of the tube, and a drive system configured for moving articles disposed inside the furnace tube while under vacuum.

Abstract: A pre-coated plate of steel is heated in a furnace to form an intermetallic alloying layer on the plate at least in an area thereof. Air is pretreated through drying to produce dried air which is fed into the furnace to control the atmosphere within the furnace while the pre-coated plate is in the furnace.

Abstract: Ultrasound Device for Improvement Treatment of Parts and Welded Joints; said device comprises a housing with a handle and sliding guides, wherein a sleeve with an attachment possessing the ability of reciprocal motion is affixed; said sleeve contains, over vibro-insulation packing, an ultrasound transducer installed on the nodal plane and connected to the oscillation velocity transformer; a temperature sensor and a sensor of the sleeve position in relation to the housing; a forced air-cooling system for the transducer based on feeding compressed air at the butt end of the sleeve and discharging it in the area of the exit opening of the velocity transformer, said transformer being in contact with the striker tips capable of the reciprocal motion and positioned within a working head; the cylindrical end of said working head is mounted on the attachment with the ability of rotation and quick removal; the movement of the sleeve is limited by means of a pin anchored on the sleeve and positioned in a longitudinal s

Abstract: A system and method are provided for the extraction of gold and other precious metals and elements from ore, as well as purification of water. Heavy elements are separated from lighter elements during the rotation of any conductive liquid in a chamber. To provide proper conductivity seawater can be used as the main conductive liquid. An electric field and hence a current is generated in a radial direction in a magnetic field generated in an axial direction, perpendicular to the radial direction, with respect to a chamber. The conductive liquid is provided to the chamber and is subjected to the current, and the conductive liquid is caused to rotate in the chamber by the current interacting with the magnetic field. Due to the Lorentz force, proper rotation is achieved without any mechanical motion. Rotation of the liquid in the chamber causes separation of heavy elements from light element caused by centrifugal forces.

Abstract: A vessel comprises a probe oriented downward from an outside surface of the vessel to an inside surface of the vessel. A method of operating a vessel, the vessel comprising a vessel wall having an inside surface and an outside surface, comprises: defining a hole extending through the vessel wall, the hole being oriented at a downward angle from the outside surface to the inside surface; and placing a probe in the hole; and preventing slag buildup around the probe during operation of the vessel.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for inducing a surface stress-induced volumetric change in a nanoporous material and to a device for carrying out the method. The method of the invention comprises—accumulating polar molecules onto the surface of the nanoporous material by physical adsorption of the polar molecules from the vapour phase thereby inducing surface stress to said surface; or—dissipating accumulated polar molecules from the surface of the nanoporous material by physical desorption of the polar molecules into the vapour phase thereby inducing surface stress to said surface, wherein the nanoporous material comprises a nanoporous metal or alloy. The device comprises a) a nanoporous metal material which, upon physical adsorption from the vapour phase or physical desorption into the vapour phase of polar molecules onto or from the surface of the nanoporous metal material, exhibits a volumetric change; and b) a mechanism for detecting and/or transferring the volumetric change.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piece of reaction equipment for producing sponge titanium, which includes a reactor and a reactor cover with a stirring device, wherein a sealing ring is arranged between the reactor cover and the reactor, one side of the reactor cover is provided with a lifting device for controlling the lifting of the reactor cover, a resistance furnace is arranged above the reactor cover, a valve is arranged below the resistance furnace, and a vacuum-pumping pipe and an inflation pipe are arranged above the reactor cover. The present invention has the beneficial effects that the production equipment can ensure normal production, and effectively ensures the quality of sponge titanium product; compared with the prior art, the equipment has low cost, environmental protection and harmlessness during production.

Abstract: A method for producing metallic iron including providing a hearth furnace having an entry end and a discharge end, a moveable hearth, and an exhaust stack positioned toward the entry end of the furnace, providing a carbonaceous hearth layer above the hearth, providing a layer of reducible material comprising reducing material and iron bearing material, delivering a flow of gases into the hearth furnace through burners, gas injection ports, or a combination thereof directing a flow of gases toward the entry end selected from combustible fuel, oxygen and carbon dioxide, oxygen and flue gas, oxygen and air, or a combination thereof to heat the furnace to a temperature sufficient to at least partially reduce the reducible material, increasing the velocity of the flow of gas to greater than 4 feet per second along the furnace, and heating the layer of reducible material to at least partially reduce the reducible material.

Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus for treating return ores using plasma, capable of treating sintered return ores generated in a sintering process in a steel maker or return ores (iron ores) employed in other ironmaking process such as FINEX. The method of treating return ores using plasma includes: providing return ores sorted out by a sorting process; and bonding the return ores by fusing and agglomerating the return ores using plasma. Also, an apparatus for treating return ores using plasma includes a plasma heating device used to fuse and agglomerate sorted return ores. The return ores of a predetermined grain size are fusion-bonded and agglomerated using a flame of a plasma heating device. Particularly, the return ores can be treated in a massive amount to enhance productivity of a fusion-bonding process of the return ores. Furthermore, a great amount of sintered return ores generated in the sintering process can be subjected to a fewer number of re-treatment processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing apparatus of a hot-rolled steel sheet capable of cooling control of a steel sheet even when disposing a cooling device capable of cooling from inside a finishing mill. The manufacturing apparatus of a hot-rolled steel sheet comprises: an immediate rapid-cooling device capable of spraying cooling water, at least a part thereof being disposed inside a final stand in the row of hot finishing mills; a device for measuring a temperature on an entry side of a final stand; a device for measuring a steel sheet passing speed; a device for predicting a rapid-cooling stopping temperature which calculates a predicted rapid-cooling stopping temperature; and an immediate rapid-cooling control device which corrects the water supply volume or water supply pressure of the immediate rapid-cooling device such that the predicted rapid-cooling stopping temperature matches a targeted rapid-cooling stopping temperature.

Abstract: A container for molten metal includes an outlet for outflow of the molten metal from the container and a temperature measuring device fixed in a wall of the container. The temperature measuring device includes a plug, an outer protective sheath having a closed end, and an inner protective tube having a closed end. The inner protective tube is arranged within the outer protective sheath. A thermocouple is arranged within the inner protective tube. The plug includes a substantially refractory material and the outer protective sheath consists essentially of substantially refractory metal oxide and graphite. The outer protective sheath extends away from the first end of the plug and projects into a recessed portion of the wall of the container. The closed end of the outer protective sheath is arranged in the recessed portion. A junction of the thermocouple is proximate to the closed end of the inner protective tube.

Abstract: A method for controlling a ladle to pour molten metal into a mold. The method comprises producing a mathematical model describing a relationship between a measured electrical voltage supplied to a servomotor for tilting the ladle and a flow rate of the molten metal flowing out of the ladle when the ladle is tilted; solving an inverse problem of the mathematical model; estimating the flow rate of the molten metal using a state observer having an exponential damping that uses an extended Kalman filter, based on the measured electrical voltage and a weight of the molten metal poured into the mold; processing the flow rate of the molten metal and a target flow rate of the molten metal with a gain-scheduled PI controller; obtaining a target electrical voltage to be supplied to the servomotor; and controlling the servomotor based on the target electrical voltage.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention comprise a preheater for preheating a ladle for use in steelmaking wherein less fuel is consumed in heating the ladle efficiently and accurately to a controlled temperature. A preheater temperature is varied by controlling a burner of the heating unit based on measurements of refractories of the ladle taken by a pyrometer. The heating unit of the preheater includes an emissive coating for reducing heat loss and efficient heating during the preheating process. The heating unit of the preheater also includes valve mechanisms for accurately varying a flame size of the burner by regulating the rate of fuel, air, and oxygen supplied to the heating unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for achieving cavitation at high static pressures which may be used in acoustic applications and research such as in liquid metal resonators. Novel preparation and electroplating methods are disclosed to improve boundary layer conditions. A chemical cleaning loop for containment and treatment for oxide removal and to develop a dynamic system for chemically treating liquid metal disposed in a liquid metal loop is also described. A liquid metal handling loop for containment and treatment is provided to maintain cleanliness of bulk liquid metal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide for remote control, monitoring and/or servicing of heat-treatment equipment via wireless communications networks. Specifically, the method and apparatus can be used in pre and post-weld heat-treatment applications for steel pipes in a variety of industries, including, but not limited to, power plants, chemical and petrochemical plants and refineries. Importantly, the embodiment generates and manages all the documentation necessary to input and verify the specified heat-treatment process. It will produce and deliver to the customer the reports and certificates required by the applicable quality control standards, requirements and regulatory authorities.

Abstract: A tilting rotary furnace with a door assembly that seals against a furnace vessel. The seal between the door and the furnace vessel allows for regulation of the internal environment of the furnace and control over thermitting of the aluminum. As a result, aluminum recovery may be carried out without the use of salt. A portion of the door may rotate with the furnace vessel and a portion of the door may remain rotationally stationary with respect to the furnace vessel and the rotating portion of the door.