Abstract: A door assembly includes a door and a pusher. The door defines a cavity. The pusher is fixed to the door in the cavity, and the pusher contains a non-Newtonian fluid. The door assembly may be installed in a vehicle. Because the pusher contains a non-Newtonian fluid, the pusher distributes force from the impact to an occupant in a manner that depends on a size of the occupant.

Abstract: A ram air turbine actuator includes a piston rod arranged in a cylinder. The cylinder and piston rod are configured to move longitudinally relative to one another between retracted and deployed positions. An annular space provided between the cylinder and piston rod, and a fluid flow regulating feature is provided in the piston rod. The fluid flow regulating feature is progressively blocked from the retracted position to the deployed position. The RAT actuator is deployed by initiating a deploy sequence and reducing a volume of an annular space. Fluid flow is forced from the annular space through a flow regulating feature to a cavity. The size of the flow regulating feature reduces to damp the actuator during the deploy sequence.

Abstract: A compressible stop member for use on a crane includes: a housing having a first sealed end, a second end, a first cylindrical surface and a second cylindrical surface; a free piston slidably contained within the housing in a sealing engagement with the first cylindrical surface; a compressed gas chamber in the housing between the free piston and the first sealed end; and a rod comprising a cylindrical portion with a diameter less than the diameter of the second cylindrical surface and a rod support portion that separates a first liquid chamber comprising the volume inside the housing between the free piston and the rod support portion from a second liquid chamber comprising the volume between the rod support portion and the second end of the housing. Also, the rod support portion includes at least one flow channel allowing liquid to flow between the first and second liquid chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydropneumatic piston/cylinder arrangement, in particular for use as a spring element and/or shock absorber element, comprising a cylinder (1) and a piston (15) which is axially movable in the cylinder chamber (5) of said cylinder, the cylinder chamber being tilled with hydraulic fluid. The piston (15) is connected to a piston rod (13) which extends outwards in a sealed manner from one end of the cylinder (1), and the base of said piston, which is remote from the piston rod (13), can he operatively connected to a pneumatic spring mechanism (7) in order to convey fluid. Said piston/cylinder arrangement is characterised in that a piston accumulator (7), the accumulator piston (19) of which directly adjoins the hydraulic fluid situated in the cylinder chamber (5), is provided as the spring mechanism.

Abstract: A spring device at a swivelable hatch of a motor vehicle, having a gas spring and a helper spring between the body of the motor vehicle and the hatch. The hatch is a front hood which can be raised into a pedestrian protection position prior to an impact of a pedestrian on the front hood, by an actuator activated by a sensor device. The helper spring is preloaded with a preloading force which, in case of a malfunction in which the gas spring has no gas pressure or a reduced gas pressure, is sufficient to adjust the front hood into the raised pedestrian protection position and to hold the front hood in the raised pedestrian protection position prior to the impact.

Abstract: A hydraulic shock absorber includes a damper cylinder having a hollow bore therein. A piston rod and piston separate the bore into a rod side oil chamber and a piston side oil chamber. A pressure side damping force generator is provided with a sub piston in the piston side oil chamber. A first separator is provided in a sub piston side oil chamber of the sub piston, with a communication hole that communicates between the sub piston side oil chamber and a bladder side oil chamber. A hollow bladder is mounted in the bladder side oil chamber. A blow hole is provided in the bladder side oil chamber, the blow hole being normally closed by the bladder and opening when oil enters the bladder side oil chamber such that the bladder is contracted by an oil pressure when a volume of the oil reaches a predetermined capacity.

Abstract: A door closer includes a body formed with a cylinder and a piston system located in the cylinder and functionally connectable to the door. The piston system divides the cylinder into a first cylinder volume on a first side of the piston system and a second cylinder volume on a second side of the piston system. A spring located in the second cylinder volume. A flow channel formed in the body guides flow of fluid from the first cylinder volume to the second cylinder volume, and a control valve for regulates rate of fluid flow through the flow channel. A filter is positioned across the flow channel upstream of the control valve relative to flow of fluid through the flow channel from the first cylinder volume to the second cylinder volume. The filter presents a filter area greater than the cross-sectional area of the flow channel to incoming flow to the filter and presents a filter area substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the flow channel to outgoing flow from the filter.

Abstract: A viscous damper for a machinery mount having a damping member disposed intermediate a top support engageable with at least a portion of a load and a bottom plate disposed beneath the support and spaced therefrom to thereby decrease or deaden vibrations. The damper includes a receptacle for vertical disposition, which is closed at the bottom and opened at the top, and is adaptable for containing a viscous fluid. A plunger of smaller lateral dimensions is arranged concentrically and co-axially within the receptacle, and depends downwardly from the horizontally disposed support, and is of such a longitudinal dimension as to be spaced from the closed bottom of the receptacle so as to be submerged partially in the viscous fluid and is therefore free to move vertically. A perforated plate is affixed at the bottom of the plunger, and provides fluid communication between the receptacle and the plunger.

Abstract: A hydropneumatic spring, which is preferably articulately arranged between a vehicle body and a wheel guiding part in motor vehicles, has a fluid-filled cylinder which is entered by an outwardly sealed piston rod having a piston connected at the internal end. For altering spring force-deflection progressivity characteristic, a first working chamber of the cylinder is in constant hydraulic connection with a first spring energy store device and a second working chamber of the cylinder is in constant hydraulic connection with a second spring energy store device via a second valve device via a first valve device. In a mid spring deflection range, a second spring energy store device is connected via a second valve device and a bypass to the first spring energy store device. The bypass includes an axially extending channel arranged between the first working chamber and the second working chamber.

Abstract: A vehicular suspension system includes a liquid spring operatively interconnected between a vehicle frame and an associated wheel assembly to provide resistive spring and damping forces in response to relative vertical displacement between the frame and wheel assembly. The liquid spring includes a cylinder secured to the vehicle frame and having a compressible liquid-filled internal chamber in which a piston structure is reciprocally disposed and divides the chamber into bounce and rebound chambers. A rod is slidably and sealinqly carried by the cylinder for axial movement into and out of the chamber, the rod having an inner end anchored to the piston structure, and an outer end portion extending outwardly from the cylinder and secured to the wheel assembly. A flow passage extends through the piston and intercommunicates the bounce and rebound subchambers.

Abstract: A shock absorber is constructed with a hollow cylinder within which a first piston is disposed to move coaxially. A well is defined within the first piston to receive a second piston. The first piston is also provided with longitudinally extending dampening passageways and relief passageways. A cavity of variable volume filled with a compressible fluid, such as air, is defined between the two cylinders. At the start of a stroke of movement of the first piston within the cylinder, the additional length of the piston rod which enters the cylinder as the first piston moves toward the blind end of the cylinder increases pressure on the compressible fluid within the cylinder. The second piston is thereby pressed further into the first piston and ultimately closes off the dampening passageways, thereby preventing further movement of the first piston and increasing the dampening characteristics of the shock absorber.

Abstract: In a hydraulic telescopic damper with a cylinder (10) and a piston (12) which has a check valve (O-ring 18) and a narrow opening (22), a valve member (30) is mounted on the side of piston (12) away from the pressure side. Valve member (30) is urged by the force of a spring (36) in a locking position of piston (12) and keeps opening (22) closed. The telescopic damper thereby locks automatically. Exerting an additional manual force on the piston rod can release the self-locking action once more.

Abstract: An apparatus for damping movement courses of two bodies, in particular in a vehicle wheel/vehicle suspension system, having a piston sliding in a cylinder and dividing it into two work chambers, the two work chambers arranged to communicate with one another via respective oppositely acting check valves and via a variably asymmetrical damper valve adjustable in such a manner that upon a valve member movement the opening cross section for one flow direction decreases to the extent that it increases for the other flow, direction, such that whenever in comparison with the active damper system energy would have to be supplied from outside, the damper force is substantially reduced to the value of zero.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control device for a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is controlled mechanically by an engagement spring (8), by a disengagement spring (2), and by a hydraulic transmission for transmitting a portion of the energy in the engagement spring to the disengagement spring. The device has circular symmetry about a longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The double-acting shock absorber producing the throttling of a fluid flowing through a constricted passage for damping out a movement in constructed, in combination of, a fixed piston (2) and a fixed cylinder (3) cooperating both with a movable member (4). This movable member has two axially aligned portions, that is, an upper portion (5) and a lower portion (6), the upper portion having a cylindrical cavity in which the fixed piston (2) is slidably fitted, and the lower portion having the configuration of a piston slidably engaged in the fixed cylinder.

Abstract: A shock absorber comprising a strut (1), a sliding rod (3) mounted to slide inside the strut, at least one gas chamber (13, 17) under pressure, an oil chamber (6) associated with the gas chamber, and an expansion chamber (5) connected to the oil chamber via expansion throttling valve (8), the volume of the expansion chamber (5) varying as a function of the extent to which the sliding rod is received in the strut. The shock absorber also includes an expansion short circuit passage (18) between the oil chamber (6) and the expansion chamber (5), the expansion short circuit passage having a cross-section which is greater than the flow section of throttling valve (8), and the shock absorber includes controlled closure partition (32) for closing expansion short circuit passage (18).

Abstract: A shock absorber having a casing containing compressible fluid and a piston head with structure for providing fluid amplification during normal piston head movement, the piston head having a central bore therein for slidably mounting the piston head for axial movement on the piston rod and being biased against a holding member by Bellville washers, a valve on the holding member obstructing conduits between the piston rod and the piston head when the piston head is biased against the holding member, the conduits being uncovered by the valve to permit flow therethrough from one side of the piston head to the other when the pressure in the shock absorber in the area of the holding member exceeds a predetermined value, the conduits between the piston head and piston rod being of a shape to provide a second stage of fluid amplified flow.

Abstract: The piston of the damper, which is of the piston-and-cylinder type, has therein at least one fluid passageway, a pair of fluid inlet/outlet ports opening from one end of the piston and communicating with the passageway at spaced locations along its length, an outlet/inlet port opening from the opposite end of the piston and communicating with the passageway at a location along its length intermediate the locations of the inlet/outlet ports, and a valve element mounted within the passageway for movement transversely thereof between an open-valve position, where the valve element permits relatively free flow of fluid through the passageway, and a closed-valve position wherein the valve element obstructs the fluid flow. The valve element has at least one pressure-equalizing opening extending therethrough and is substantially pressure balanced in a plurality of orthogonal directions. The valve element is driven by an actuator which may be and preferably is a linear actuator of a springless single acting type.

Abstract: Included in a spring suspension system is a main spring (1) for taking up a load or for supporting a mass. The spring is arranged on a cylinder (4) which contains a piston (5). The piston or the area of the piston rod operates via hydraulic oil against the effect of a spring function, the purpose of which is to ensure that the fluid is under pressure at all times. A moving device (7) interacts both with the fluid an with the aforementioned main spring (1), which for this purpose is so arranged as to provide the double function of serving both as a load/mass supporting spring and as a compression spring.

Abstract: An air pressure shock absorber for smoothly stopping a moving object reciprocated by a rod in an air pressure cylinder. The shock absorber absorbs and reduces the internal pressure of a chamber in the cylinder to smoothly stop the moving object by the communication of air compressed in the chamber to the atmosphere through a bypass passage formed in a cylinder wall. The air pressure is released to the atmosphere after the piston has moved through a predetermined stroke.

Abstract: An impact force shaping head includes an elongated casing having an interior wall, an open end and a closed end and contains a liquid. A piston is slidingly mounted within the casing and extends longitudinally beyond the open end of the casing. The piston sealingly engages the interior wall of the casing to define a liquid-filled first chamber between the piston and the closed end of the casing. A reservoir contains liquid and a conduit connects the first chamber with the reservoir. A control valve controls the flow of liquid through the conduit. The control valve is operative in response to changes in the pressure of the liquid contained in the first chamber.

Abstract: A liquid spring shock absorbing device 8 comprising an hydraulic piston 10 with an integral surge valve 14. The hydraulic piston 10 is positioned within a fluid filled piston housing 12 and is made up of a piston body 16, a spring reaction plate 22 and a piston heat 18. A large annular spring 30 and a small annular spring 36 are positioned adjacent to the spring reaction plate 22. Short duration shocks are transmitted by the fluid to cause rotation of annular spring 36 which opens relief valve port 42. Long duration, high intensity shocks cause compression of both annular springs, opening of relief valve port 42 and movement of hydraulic piston 10.

Abstract: A damper which comprises a damper housing and a damper plunger in which the damper plunger comprises a top plate for the reception of an object that is to be damped, and a plunger tube. The plunger tube is frustoconical in configuration and can be moved into and out of a damping medium present in the damper housing, the larger cone diameter end of the plunger tube being directed into the damper medium.

Abstract: The piston cylinder type damper comprises a cylinder connected to either member of the pair of a main body and an openable object, and a piston connected to the other member of the pair and adapted to fit into the cylinder and the piston incorporates therein a check valve adapted to allow the air in the cylinder to escape from the cylinder interior while the piston is driven into the cylinder by the movement of the openable object.

Abstract: A piston assembly for a shock absorber includes a first set of one or more ports controlled by two valve mechanisms, a second set of ports controlled by a single valve mechanism, and a third set of ports uncontrolled by any valve mechanism. All three sets of ports conduct fluid during the compression and rebound strokes.

Abstract: The first of four adjustments for the shock absorber located between the rear wheel and main frame of a motorcycle is an externally accessible filler-valve enabling the rider to adjust gas pressure in one chamber to vary spring rate and respectively a second adjustment for varying the rate of hydraulic fluid from a main chamber through a main piston to a third chamber by means of a second valve to obtain the desired rate of upper wheel travel, a third adjustment which is an adjustable pressure relief third valve to limit differential pressure between fluid in the main chamber and in the third chamber under conditions of severe impact for the rider to select damping characteristics and a fourth adjustment valve varying fluid flow from a fourth chamber to the third chamber for the rider to adjust damping during extension. Optionally, there is an air cooler chamber around the main chamber and in communication with the carburetor.

Abstract: A piston assembly for a shock absorber includes a first set of one or more ports, controlled by two valve mechanisms, which conduct fluid only during the rebound stroke of the piston. A second set of ports, controlled by a single valve mechanism, conducts fluid during all compression and rebound strokes. A third set of ports uncontrolled by any valve mechanism conducts fluid during all compression and rebound strokes.

Abstract: A telescopic hydraulic shock absorber for a motor vehicle has a piston with a frustoconical valve element that provides a bypass passage from the rebound chamber to the jounce chamber during a low velocity rebound stroke of the piston with respect to the pressure tube. The frustoconical valve element is constructed to be sufficiently resilient to become seated and close off the bypass passage in response to a relatively high velocity rebound stroke such that all fluid is forced through the rebound ports and the rebound valve to provide higher damping than when the bypass passage is open.

Abstract: A gas spring, having a collapse safety feature operable in the event of psure loss, is provided, for use, for example, as a counterbalance for flaps or vertically adjustable structures. A movable partition is arranged between the piston and the head of the cylinder of the gas spring, and is exposed on one side to a closed gas chamber under pressure, while on the other side the gas volume effecting the extension force of the piston rod is present between the piston and the partition. In event of pressure loss in the gas volume on either side of the piston, the movable partition will meet the piston and act as a safety to prevent abrupt release or lowering of the object for which the gas spring is to serve as a counterbalance.

Abstract: A compressible liquid ride strut includes a ported piston which reciprocates in a cylinder chamber to divide the chamber into two sections. The piston ports provide controlled flow of liquid from one section to the other. A valve member engages the piston upon extreme rebound strut extension to greatly diminish flow of liquid through the piston and increase the rebound dampening rate of the strut. The valve member is acted on by a pair of springs which hold the valve member away from the piston during normal operation and permit it to move against the piston during rebound.

Abstract: An air pressure shock absorber for smoothly stopping a moving object reciprocated by a rod in an air pressure cylinder. The shock absorber absorbs and reduces the internal pressure of a chamber in the cylinder to smoothly stop the moving object by the communication of air compressed in the chamber to the atmosphere through a bypass passage formed in a cylinder wall. The air pressure is released to the atmosphere after the piston has moved through a predetermined stroke.

Abstract: A cylinder structure and method for rapidly evacuating a cylinder without contamination thereof. The structure comprises a hollow cylinder, a piston mounted in the cylinder for axial reciprocation, a hollow piston rod secured to the piston for movement therewith extending out of one end of the cylinder, a seal between the one end of the cylinder and the piston rod, and a radial opening through the hollow piston rod between the piston and seal for evacuating the space between the cylinder, piston, piston rod and seal during reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder. The method includes the step of evacuating the space between the cylinder, piston, piston rod and seal through the piston rod during reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder.

Abstract: A shock absorber is disclosed having an outer cylinder closed at one end thereof, a hollow inner cylinder closed at one end and opened at an another end thereof, the open end being inserted in the outer cylinder, a guide member for guiding the inner cylinder slidably in the outer cylinder, a member for generating a damping force, the damping force generating member being connected to the open end of the inner cylinder, and having an orifice for throttling flow of hydraulic fluid from a chamber in the outer cylinder to a chamber in the inner cylinder, the orifice being in a central portion of the inner cylinder, and a plate-like stop provided between the inner cylinder and the damping force generating member for retaining the damping force generating member against the damping force within a predetermined range, the stop having an aperture greater than the orifice.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shock absorber mounted between a suspended part and an unsuspended part of a vehicle and specifically a telescopic hydraulic shock absorber comprising a damping piston slidingly mounted in a cylinder. A compensation piston cooperates with the cylinder in order to maintain the damping piston and the cylinder in a given relative position during a variation in the load or centering of the vehicle. The compensation piston has at least one passage controlled by at least one valve sealing the passage to permit the normal operation of the shock absorber during a rapid deformation of the latter as a result of unevennesses of the road. One or more return springs maintain the damping piston at rest in a middle position relative to the cylinder facing a given zone of the latter.Application to vehicle shock absorbers.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for damping a billet shears assembly and includes a damping cylinder and piston mounted to the stationary portion of the assembly opposite the moving shear blade. The damping piston defines a control cylinder and the base of the damping cylinder carries a control piston adjustably fixed in the control cylinder in axial alignment with the damping piston over the entire stroke distance. A pneumatic fluid supply line in the control piston connects the damping cylinder with the control cylinder and is provided with a non-return valve.

Abstract: An improved type of hydraulic control cartridge with mounting structure and accessorial safety device for installation within both ends of reciprocative pneumatic actuators to permit a safe increase in their speed of operation. The safety device automatically stops the actuator if the hydraulic cartridge malfunctions.

Abstract: A hydraulic shock absorber for use on vehicles which includes a rubber attachment on the upper end thereof which is supported on the vehicle. A cap sealingly covers the rubber attachment to provide a sealed chamber communicating with oil in the cylinder of the shock absorber. A partition provided with a communicating hole is disposed in the chamber. A flexible membrane is disposed above the partition in the chamber and divides the chamber into sealed compartments. One of the sealed compartments is filled with pressurized gas, and the other sealed compartment is held in communication with the interior of the shock absorber. The arrangement of the invention provides a shock absorber with an improved secondary performance in dampening forces between the shock absorber and the body of the vehicle.

Abstract: A hydraulic snubber device and method of damping for railway trucks and more particularly a snubber adapted to be interposed between a bolster and a side frame member and being operative to provide a first damping rate when the railway car is operating on tangent track or at equilibrium speed on super elevated track and to provide a second relatively higher damping rate when the railway car is operating on super elevated track at low speed and in all instances of severe rocking.

Abstract: The height of a chair and the inclination of its back support may be varied by changing the respective, effective lengths of two pneumatic springs whose assembly forms the chair leg. The cylinder of one spring is coaxially received in the cylinder or the hollow piston rod of the other spring, and relative axial movement of the received spring and the receiving element of the other spring is limited or entirely prevented. A valve connects the two compartments separated in the cylinder of each spring and may be operated by a mechanism separate from the valve operating mechanism of the other spring.