Abstract: The present invention relates in one aspect to a compressible and/or deformable microtome object holder. The object holder may be in the same or similar shape as a wide variety of previous object holders, comprising a specimen plate having a textured or grooved surface and a shank structure. The holder may further comprise a ball element on the opposite end of the shank structure from the plate. In this instance, the ball element serves as the means of mounting the holder to the microtome. At least the grippable portion of the holder which is held by the microtome is formed of a compressible and/or deformable substance. Preferably, the holder is unitarily formed entirely of a compressible and/or deformable substance. The invention allows an object holder to be held more securely and to be molded economically.

Abstract: A vise comprises mainly a base, a sliding member, a movable base, and an urging member. The base consists of a long slot extending axially in the middle thereof and of a holding base located at upper portion of the rear end thereof. The holding base comprises at front end thereof a jaw. The sliding member comprises on front end thereof a cooperating block of a predetermined shape and at front end thereof a circular arc portion having an appropriate curvature radius. The movable base consists of a bevel face with hole having at rear end thereof a bevel fave with a cavity disposed thereon for placing and positioning an intermediate member and of a protruded block with the protruded arc portions of predetermined curvature radii. The urging member is composed of a screw and a top block comprising at rear end thereof a recessed arc portion having a curvature radius corresponding to that of the circular arc portion.

Abstract: The present invention is a low-contaminate work surface for processing semiconductor grade silicon. The work surface is comprised of a parallel array of silicon elements forming a planar surface. The silicon elements are of comparable purity with the semiconductor grade silicon to be process, thus minimizing contact contamination. In an additional embodiment of the present invention, the low-contaminate work surface is part of a work station which provides for initial screening and sizing of the semiconductor grade silicon being processed.

Abstract: An improved machine vise, particularly well suited for use on milling machines and the like, having an improved arrangement for securely holding workpieces of irregular shapes or several different, diversely sized workpieces simultaneously. The vise is provided with a fixed jaw and two movable jaws mounted in a side by side relationship such that each jaw is free to move back and forth into and out of a gripping relationship with the object being clamped. The two movable jaws are yoke driven on a shaft such that a single forward thrust of the yoke exerts a forward and downward pressure to move both jaws forward while at the same time allowing for a translational motion between said adjacent jaws. These jaws can thus simultaneously grip and secure individual workpieces of different dimensions or differently sized portions or cross-sections of the same workpiece. Each jaw may also be provided with individually mounted fingers that pivot into the best gripping relationship with the object being clamped.

Abstract: A clamping device for clamping a workpiece and, in particular an irregularly-shaped workpiece is disclosed. The device includes a pair of movable jaws. Each of the jaws carries at least one clamping member, including a clamping surface, thereon for movement therewith. At least one of the clamping members is movably mounted on a respective jaw for rotational and lateral sliding movement relative to the other clamping member in response to the shape of the workpiece clamped therebetween. The clamping surfaces are shaped, so as to matingly engage one another when moved towards one another without the workpiece therebetween.

Abstract: A machine vise for holding workpieces on a milling machine or the like comprises a pair of movable jaws arranged to move in parallel and to cooperate with a fixed jaw for holding workpieces for machining. A yoke is pivotally mounted with respect to the jaws and operates to provide equal pressures for gripping with equal pressure separate workpieces or different parts of the same workpieces.

Abstract: There is disclosed a clamp device for clamping a workpiece, e.g. a ceramic shaped body having a surface curvature. Support members are mounted on the base frame to support the workpiece thereon, and are adapted to swing about predetermined rotational axes. First clamp members are mounted on a base frame and adapted to swing about predetermined rotational axes. Second clamp members are mounted on a sub-frame, which is movable relative to the base frame, and are adapted to swing about predetermined rotational axes. The second clamp members can be moved toward the first clamp members to clamp a workpiece therebetween.

Abstract: A portable fish holder for convenient, safe cleaning and filleting of a fish. The invention is comprised of one rectangular base panel, two panel support walls, one affixed transversely at each end of the base, and two positionable rectangular fish support panels. Both fish support panels have outwardly extending hinge pins at each end which are movably held in specifically structured grooves in the inward facing surface of each of the panel support walls. The shape of the grooves allows variable positioning of both fish support panels. A locked V-shape arrangement of both fish support panels is useful for holding a fish in a supine position for cleaning. Both fish support panels are also positionable parallel to the surface of the base. A tail securing clamp is provided on the backside of one support panel for use in securing the fish while scaling and filleting. A knife holder is also provided on the side of one fish support panel.

Abstract: A clamping apparatus having a pair of vise jaws. A pair of concave recesses are formed laterally of each other in the face of the vise jaw. Each concave recess has a base with an arcuate groove therein. A semi-circular clamping member is disposed in each concave recess. The clamping member has a convex surface complementary to the concave recess. The clamping member further has an arcuate rib thereabout which is complementary to the arcuate groove in the clamping member. The upper surface of the clamping member has a semi-circular boss thereon which forms a step-like relationship to the upper surface. A pair of retaining covers are disposed on the upper surface of the jaw and extend over the clamping member so as to abut the semi-circular boss. The retaining cover secures the clamping member to the jaw and also prevents processing chips from falling between the concave recess in the jaw and the convex surface of the clamping member.

Abstract: An adjustable angle vice that is movably adjustable in four different directions or coordinates. The vice has an upper frame, including clamping faces carried thereby, that is carried by a base frame. The upper frame is pivotably joined to the base frame for pivotal movement of the upper frame in a pivotal direction. The upper frame is further joined to the base frame, so that the upper frame sliding moves relative to the base frame in a first horizontal direction. The base frame is rotatably carried by an upstanding rod, so that the vice, including the upper frame, may be rotationally moved in a rotational direction. The rod is slidingly joined to the base frame, so the the vice, including the upper frame may be slidingly moved in a second horizontal direction. Finally, rotational movement of the rod also vertically moves the upper frame in a vertical direction.

Abstract: Work holder apparatus for clamping large workpieces in position to carry out finishing operations comprising a base support unit, spaced parallel upright support members disposed thereon and extending upwardly to define a generally channel-shaped opening for insertion of a workpiece in the channel, a movable clamping member mounted on one of the support members including a workpiece-engaging surface in facing relation to the other of the support members, and clamping control means for horizontally advancing the clamp member toward and away from the other of the frame members.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatically adjusting the orientation of a first surface of a first body to be against a second surface of a second body when said first surface is pressed against said second surface. The apparatus includes a means for movably mounting the first body to a support which permits rotation of the first surface so that when the first surface is pressed against the second surface, the first surface rotates with respect to the support resulting in the first surface being against the second surface.

Abstract: A screw-type clamp for gripping structural members such as steel sheets has the general form of a U-shaped clamp body, a screw threadedly received through a portion of the body and a jaw pivotally mounted to the body opposing the screw such that members may be securely gripped by a gripping surface on the screw and a gripping surface of the jaw. The jaw is mounted with a ball and socket configuration such that the gripping surface on the jaw stays parallel with the surface of the member being gripped. In a second embodiment, a similar jaw is mounted to the screw. The ball in the ball and socket joints contains an annular groove and is held into the socket by a plurality of pins that tangentially engage the annular groove.

Abstract: A C-clamp is provided having L-shaped stationary members capable of being adjusted to a plurality of rigidly retained selectable orientations with respect to one another and capable of being rigidly secured to a shaft which supports a threaded movable member. A polygonal element on the shaft engages complementary polygonal holes in the L-shaped members to rigidly retain the selected orientation of the L-shaped members with respect to one another and the shaft.

Abstract: A portable gun cas holder comprised of a pair of gun supports mounted within a carrying case wherein one of the gun supports is equipped with a clamping assembly which holds the gun in place wherein the clamping assembly may be adjusted to accommodate the individual characteristics of a particular gun and furthermore where the gun supports may be adjusted in height and further may be folded within the carrying case to allow for easy transportation of the invention.

Abstract: A plier-like tool (11) having two plier-like members (13, 15) pivotally joined togther intermediate of their ends and having handle portions (17, 18) and swivel jaw members (29,30). An automatic locking mechanism (27) extending between the members permits an user to clamp the handle portions together so as to clamp the jaw members on an object (25) but holds the position so reached if the clamping action of the user is removed. A release device (65) is provided so that the jaw members may be opened up again. A compression spring (23) extending between the members (19, 20) assists in the opening of the jaw members. The swivel jaw members (29, 30) permit the user to rotate the plier-like members (13,15) relative to the object (25) being grasped.

Abstract: This is an apparatus to facilitate securing radiator tanks onto header plates of automotive radiators and the like of a type made either from brass or of plastic having a gasket trough and integral header tabs. It includes opposed rails suspended from an overhead support, preferably circular to afford 360.degree. rotation, and arranged for individual movement towards and away from each other in substantially parallel relationship to support the header on different thicknesses of radiators for mounting the tank thereon. In one position, opposed edges of the rails are notched to hold radiators of varying sizes and types with easy access to header tabs on plastic radiators and in an inverted position, the rails are provided with a flange to support the underside of the gasket trough on plastic tanks with good access to the tabs.

Abstract: An angle vise includes a body with a curvilinear guide rail having a predetermined number of graduation holes on its outer surface, the holes being arranged in a manner such that a line connecting the centers of the graduation holes is a curve with a same center of curvature as the guide rail and located in equal intervals, a base with a curvilinear guide way having a predetermined number of selector holes located in equal intervals therealong in a manner that a line connecting the centers of these selector holes is coincident with the line connecting the centers of graduation holes. The interval between any two consecutive selector holes is smaller than the interval between any two consecutive graduation holes so that more setting of inclination may be achieved by aligning a graduation hole. Alignment is achieved through the holes with a selector hole by inserting a pin.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for repair of automotive radiators is disclosed, usable for recoring of either brass or plastic tank radiators, including clamping gates providing parallel rails adjustably spaced to receive the radiator header with an air cylinder exerting clamping pressure on the tank top. The radiator sits atop the rails of a first set of clamping gates when resoldering conventional tanks and is recessed between the rails of a second set of clamping gates which are alternatively installed for decrimping and crimping of the header tabs of plastic tank radiators. Decrimping and crimping hand tools of special configuration are also disclosed, cooperating with the rails during use.

Abstract: An integral workbench having a table top formed as an integral vise including integral vise jaws and clamping elements which are longitudinally and angularly adjustable to vary the angle of clamping and selectively adjustable to vary the shape of the clamping surface. Either vise jaw has a pair of spaced apart openings formed therein longitudinally thereof and the other vise jaw has one such opening formed therein. Each opening has a substantially straight edge portion and a plurality of longitudinally-spaced cut-outs formed therein opposite to the straight edge portion. A clamping element is associated with each opening such that at least three clamping elements are provided. Each clamping element has a top portion that rests on the jaw and a shank portion that extends through the opening and is adapted to be selectively received within one of the cut-outs, providing longitudinal adjustability. The elements may rotate about the axis of the shank, providing angular adjustability.

Abstract: A clamping tool for use in clamping and supporting a wide variety of elongated pieces for welding has a pair of generally C-shaped arms which support a pair of opposed L-shaped clamping members, one for each arm. Each clamping member has a long leg and a short leg which extends perpendicular to the long leg, and each clamping member is supported on one of the arms for pivotal movement about two axes.

Abstract: A ski holder includes:(a) rotatable jaws having first generally longitudinally extending axis of rotation,(b) two supports for the jaws having sockets in which the jaws are rotatable about the axes,(c) the supports located for relative movement so that when a ski is placed between the jaws with its opposite sides positioned to be gripped thereby, the jaws rotatably accomodate to said ski sides as the jaws are relatively closed toward said sides.

Abstract: A clamping apparatus includes two pairs of rotatable and substantially cylindrical clamping elements positioned on jaws of the clamping apparatus. One pair of clamping elements is located on a fixed jaw, and the second pair is located on a movable vise jaw. The jaws are supported on a generally rectangular base which has a pair of end portions. One end portion is a first upstanding flange formed integrally with the base. The second end portion is the fixed jaw. A two-way threaded rod is carried by the movable vise jaw and one threaded end extends through a cooperating threaded recess in the first upstanding flange. The movable vise jaw has a transverse notch located in its bottom to receive a hollow cylindrical nut which is internally threaded in a first direction. Adjacent to the cylindrical nut is a friction ring. The second threaded end of the threaded rod, threaded in the second direction, is threaded into the cylindrical nut.

Abstract: A drilling machine for drilling holes in glass panes includes an annular support and an annular pressing member aligned opposite each other along a path of movement of the drill bit. The support and the pressing member are swingably mounted relative to the axis of the drill bit and are made preferably as inner rings of a ball and socket joint.

Abstract: It is an improved mechanism of vise; the feature of this invention is that on the two jaws of a vise, a sliding movable clamp piece is mounted for clamping a working piece having a plane surface, or irregular planes; in addition, said sliding movable clamp piece can automatically adjust its angular and eccentric sliding movement so as to tightly position a working piece on a vise.

Abstract: A clamping device is provided with holding means on each of a first and second jaw means for positioning at least two workpieces of different thicknesses together in any desired abutting angular relationship and means for applying a force to the jaw means so that the holding means will hold the workpieces of different thicknesses in the abutting angular relationship.

Abstract: A unitary, integrally casted dual C-clamp structure is automatically adjusted by the workpiece during the clamping operation and is formed with clearance areas to facilitate the clamping of an irregularly shaped workpiece. The clamp has a common base. A pair of substantially parallel, spaced-apart supports are formed integrally with the base. Positioned on each support is a respective freely-rotatable, prismatically-shaped clamping block. The clamping blocks are spaced from one another. A slot is formed in the base below and between the clamping blocks.

Abstract: A tool for holding a workpiece to be machined on a CNC lathe or other device which includes an integral or separately powered draw tube. The tool includes two rods which are spaced from but pivotally connected to the draw tube. The rods extend through a fixed tooling surface for releasable engagement with a clamping plate. When the rods are drawn in by movement of the draw tube, a properly positioned workpiece is retained between the tooling surface and the clamping plate for machining. Movement of the draw tube in the opposite direction releases the workpiece.

Abstract: An angle clamping tool is provided having a handle including a lockable clamping mechanism operably connected to two jaw arms. Each jaw arm includes an end portion and a medial portion. Secured to the end portion of each jaw arm is a clamping jaw comprising a pair of two elongate clamp members. The clamp members are adjustable to form a selected angular relationship with respect to each other, depending on the types of materials being secured together and the uses for such materials. Once a selected angle is obtained, means are provided for locking the clamp members in such angle during use. The jaw arms in the invention are designed so that, when the handle portion is gripped, the clamping jaws move inwardly toward each other so as to meet and engage work pieces therebetween. The jaw arms are further designed so that when the clamping jaws meet, the medial portions of the jaw arms are sufficiently spaced from each other to permit passage of the clamped work pieces therebetween.

Abstract: A pair of clamp claw assemblies are mounted on the frame of a workbench. At least one clamp claw assembly is movable in a substantially horizontal plane laterally of the workbench and in a direction towards and away from the other clamp claw assembly. Each clamp claw assembly has a pair of substantially parallel threaded rods rotatably mounted on the frame. A pair of threaded blocks are carried on the rods, and a clamp claw is pivotably mounted about a substantially vertical axis on each block, such that the clamp claws are pivotably independently of one another. In a preferred embodiment, four clamp claws are provided; and the threaded rods have respective handles disposed on the same side of the workbench frame.

Abstract: A clamping device of the type having a pair of clamping jaws mounted on a base, wherein one of said jaws is laterally movable in a direction towards and away from the other jaw, and wherein the other jaw includes a pair of movable clamping jaws arranged laterally of one another. Each movable jaw is multi-layered and includes a pair of movable, pivotable clamping claws spaced vertically of one another. Said clamping claws are each provided with forward multi-faceted portions including at least a pair of planar clamping faces arranged transversely of one another. A non-movable supporting ring member is interposed between the pair of clamping claws. This support member has a forward portion extending substantially inwardly of the multi-faceted planar faces of the respective movable clamping claws. The support member further has a rearward portion provided with a flat edge for bearing against an upwardly-extending base member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved vise mechanism wherein the respective jaws of a vise are provided with a sliding movable clamp piece for clamping a workpiece having a plain surface or an irregular surface. The sliding movable clamp piece can automatically adjust its angular and eccentric sliding movement to tightly position the working piece between the jaws of the vise.

Abstract: A work bench has folding U-shaped splayed legs received in sockets in respective spaced blocks. A horizontal work table is mounted on support posts carried by the blocks for vertical adjustment therein. The work table has a plurality of bosses formed integrally therewith and depending from the bottom surface thereof. Preferably, the bosses have through bores and are interconnected by respective ribs.

Abstract: This invention is an improved concept of the clamp shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,736,629, as issued June 5, 1973. This clamping device has two C-shaped arms, each of which is an assembly of two plate-like members of sheet metal. These two arm assemblies are pivotally retained at one end with the plate-like members in an overlay condition. A pivot pin has an enlarged center portion which acts as a spacer and has two eccentric cam areas sized and spaced to actuate apertures formed in one of the arm pairs. Shouldered rivets retain these arm assemblies in spaced array and a stop pin secured in this pivot pin has a length sufficient to engage a secured rivet. At one limit of movement of the stop pin, the cam areas move one arm assembly to a maximum clamping force and, at the other limit of movement of the stop pin, the cam areas are in a reduced-force application.

Abstract: A workpart fixture for an unbalanced drill bit lug includes a support having a vee-shaped recess with an included angle substantially the same as vee-shaped intersecting surfaces on the drill bit lug to receive same and a fluid actuated clamp assembly carried on an arcuate slide which is movable in a circular arc path laterally relative to the drill bit lug generally about a centerline through the drill bit lug body to accommodate right or left linear or angular offset of the line of intersection of the vee-shaped lug surfaces and to optimize clamping force on the lug in the fixture. The clamp assembly includes a clamp lever which is pivotal toward and away from the drill bit lug by a fluid actuator and which carries swiveling clamp pads that seat against the drill bit lug when the clamp lever is actuated by the cylinder.

Abstract: A clamping device for rectangular configurations characterized by two opposed jaws each having right-angled jaw portions and each pivotally mounted on separate support means for movement to and from each other so that the jaws form rectangular openings with self-adjusting aspect ratio for holding a rectangular workpiece.

Abstract: A mechanical wood splitter comprises a weighted cutter which is raised on a support column by means of a winch and cable drive, and then allowed to drop, in order to split a log of wood positioned thereunder into segments, by uncoupling the winch drum from a drive shaft through a clutch mechanism. The cutter has a cruciform blade arrangement and can be rotated through 45.degree. so that, a log may be split into four segments using a single pass of the cutter or into eight segments using a double pass and rotating the cutter blades between the passes. The apparatus further includes a resilient log gripping assembly for positioning the log under the cutter and accommodating the impact of the cutter with consequential expansion of the log.

Abstract: A portable gun case holder comprised of a pair of gun supports mounted within a carrying case wherein one of the gun supports is equipped with a clamping assembly which holds the gun in place wherein the clamping assembly may be adjusted to accommodate the individual characteristics of a particular gun and furthermore where the gun supports may be folded within the carrying case to allow for easy transportation of the invention.

Abstract: An apparatus for reliably engaging and supporting a motor vehicle frame for use in vehicle frame and body straightening. The illustrated apparatus includes a plurality of frame engaging clamping heads which each comprise a pair of relatively movable jaw supports, biasing springs interposed between the supports for biasing the supports in a jaw opening position, clamping bolts extending through said supports for selectively moving the jaw supports into clamping position against the biasing force of the interposed springs, and clamping jaws carried by said supports with a floating mounting that permits limited pivotal jaw movement relative to the supports during clamping for enhancing reliable engagement of the jaws with a vehicle frame regardless of surface irregularities.

Abstract: A jig is provided including a base for support from the base plate of a hydraulic press over which a downwardly extendible ram is mounted. The jig includes a pair of upstanding supports spaced horizontally apart and with at least one of the upstanding supports mounted from the base for shifting toward and away from the other upstanding support. A first of the supports includes a mount supported therefrom for angular displacement about a horizontal axis extending transversely of a plane containing the upstanding supports and a provided with mounting shank portion generally paralleling and swingable in the aforementioned plane when the mount is angularly displaced about its axis of oscillation. The second of the upstanding support mounts a cradle assembly therefrom for adjustable positioning vertically therealong and for oscillation about a horizontal axis paralleling the first mentioned axis.

Abstract: A trailer bed or chassis including side rail extensions and center rail support posts serves to mount a wooden truss fabricating jig including laterally adjustable center rail sections and associated transverse arms for the support of truss lumber. An arrangement of permanent stops and swivel stops on the jig together with a truss peak locator and splice locator enable the setting up on the job site of a calibrated jig prior to placing the truss lumber thereon, resulting in a great savings of time in truss fabrication. Trusses are produced with precision and uniformity having improved quality and a wider range of truss sizes can be accommodated with the apparatus because of its versatility.

Abstract: In a device for positioning and clamping workpieces in three dimensions which are to be machined and comprising positioning members and clamping members, the improvement wherein the positioning members and clamping members for defining a first plane comprise spherical members each having a flat surface for engaging a workpiece and a spherical seat for each spherical member, each member being capable of limited rotational movement in its seat.

Abstract: Apparatus for guiding a power circular saw across a workpiece and effecting splinterless cutting thereof and having a saw guide assembly with a shield member, a base member, the guide assembly being inoperative association with the workpiece.

Abstract: Fixturing for repair of automobile radiators is disclosed, usable for recoring of either brass or plastic tank radiators, including clamping gates providing parallel rails adjustably spaced to receive the radiator header with an air cylinder exerting clamping pressure on the tank top. The radiator sits atop the rails of a first set of clamping gates when resoldering conventional tanks and is recessed between the rails of a second set of clamping gates which are alternatively installed for decrimping and crimping of the header tabs of plastic tank radiators. Decrimping and crimping hand tools of special configuration are also disclosed, cooperating with the rails during use.

Abstract: A vise jaw assembly interchangeable with conventional jaws for precision vises commonly used for holding a workpiece in relation to a cutting tool such as the milling tool of a milling machine. The assembly includes a rotateable or inclineable platform for supporting the workpiece at a selected angle precisely controlled by an indexed rotator protruding through a window on the top surface of the jaw and connected to the platform by means of a shaft extending beyond the face of the jaw toward the opposing jaw.

Abstract: A clamp for use in holding a wing panel stringer to a header on a wing panel jig includes a clamp base affixed to the header. A stringer locator, which has a pair of clamp-engaging surfaces, is mounted for rotational movement on the clamp base. The first clamp-engaging surface is oriented generally parallel to the rotational axis of the locator while the second surface is a locus of lines that are preferably generally perpendicular to the first surface and form a convexly arcuate second surface. A J-shaped clamping member is slidably and rotationally mounted in the clamp base. The terminus of the curved portion of the clamping member engages the exposed surface of a stringer to hold it tightly against the first and second clamp surfaces.

Abstract: A pipe welder's aligning tool for use in joining two pipe members end to end comprises a clamp having a pair of jaws movable toward and away from one another so as separably to clamp one pipe member adjacent its end. The jaws carry supports of such length as to extend beyond the one end of the clamped pipe to provide support for the confronting end of a second pipe member that is to be joined to the clamped pipe. To enable the supports to function properly regardless of the diameters of the pipes that are to be joined, the supports are adjustable relatively to their associated jaws. One of the jaws may be mounted on an elongate member which is adjustable to enable the tool to be used on pipes of greatly differing diameters.

Abstract: A clamping device having a first jaw, a second jaw and means for urging said first jaw toward said second jaw wherein a clamping plate is rigidly secured to the first jaw and a second clamping plate is pivotally secured to the second jaw so that the device can clampingly engage two workpieces having different diameters at the same time. In addition, one of the clamping plates includes a pair of swivelly mounted support members having a support surface so that regardless of the pivot position of the second clamping plate, the support surfaces flatly abut against the workpieces to urge them tightly against the flat surface of the other clamping plate in a coplanar alignment.

Abstract: An improved workbench includes collapsible legs, tool holders attachable to the legs, extensible auxiliary support legs, a generally planar bench top with a removable section for power tools and a pair of adjustable vises cooperative with the planar top. The adjustable vises include a mechanism for gross and fine adjustment and additionally include gripping jaws that are pivotal.

Abstract: A toe-nailing clamping tool that securely holds wood structural framing members in a fixed relationship to facilitate joining the members with increased accuracy and efficiency so as to provide increased strength. The tool is formed by a pair of oppositely disposed substantially L-shaped opposing jaws, each jaw being substantially L-shaped in cross-section and having barbed opposing surfaces. The jaws are supported in the fixed or detachable relationship by a pair of substantially C-shaped arms attached to plier-like handles of a leverage advantage locking plier, such that when the handles are squeezed together, the opposing jaws are locked into abutting contact with the wood structural framing members to permit accurate, efficient and structurally effective toe-nailing.