Abstract: A photocopy-resistant document which has a background pattern or logo which is printed with solvent-sensitive, dye based ink and a method of making such a document. The presence of this photocopy-resistant background pattern or logo makes it impossible for a would-be forger of a face-value note such as a bank check to duplicate the original document as a color photocopy. It also makes it impossible for a printing plate to be made based on a photocopy of the document. Besides being photocopy-resistant, the indicia printed with the solvent-sensitive ink are washed away when acetone or bleach solvent is applied to the surface of the document. A fluorescence material can also be added to the solvent-sensitive ink to make the indicia printed with the ink fluorescent under black light.

Abstract: A book is formed from a number of rigid pages each formed from a stiff material. All of the indicia on the pages are formed from a material having luminescent properties and also having a thickness on the page to form a relief pattern on the page. The luminescent also includes colored pigment providing different colors on the page. The indicium elements on each page are arranged relative to the next adjacent page so that they do not overlap when the pages are closed. An edge bead is applied onto relatively thick page edges to illuminate the edges and to provide a soft feel to the edges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for preventing the forgery of paper records. The method includes providing at a manufacturing site paper and a marking agent having a pre-determined and identifiable photoluminescent characteristic; printing fixed indicia on the paper using the marking agent; transferring the paper to a point of sales site; installing the paper in a printing apparatus capable of both piercing the paper and printing variable indicia on the paper; and piercing the paper to form an aperture therethrough.

Abstract: Each copy of software is assigned a unique identifying code pattern which is printed on all documents produced with that software by a high resolution printer. The unique identifying code pattern is a plurality of spaced apart marks having a size no greater than about 300 dpi, and is therefore, at best, barely noticeable to the human observer. The "invisible signature" is also reproduced on documents made by unauthorized copies of software which can therefore be traced. Preferably, the unique identifying code is replicated multiple times over the document using an error correcting code to assure that at least one replication will be clear of matter selected for printing by the software. A high resolution scanner extracts and identifies the code patterns printed on the document.

Abstract: A postal indicia is disclosed that contains markings thereon which may be used to distinguish between availability or non availability of additional security and sorting information. The foregoing will make the handling of the mail faster and more efficient. The ink that is used to print portions of the indicia is fluorescent for conventional indicia printing and fluorescent and phosphorescent for value added bit map generated printing.

Abstract: This invention relates to a document authentication concept wherein a transparent tape having encoded text thereon is applied to the document. The encoded text printed on the transparent tape is printed with invisible ink so that the message thereon is not visible to the unaided eye. Preferably, the ink is visible in the infrared range. With such a combination, the authentication medium can be applied to a document that has a predetermined format so that the tape can be placed over a portion of the text and the latter will still be readable.

Abstract: A photocopy-resistant document which has a background pattern or logo which is printed with solvent-sensitive, dye based ink and a method of making such a document. The presence of this photocopy-resistant background pattern or logo makes it impossible for a would-be forger of a face-value note such as a bank check to duplicate the original document as a color photocopy. It also makes it impossible for a printing plate to be made based on a photocopy of the document. Besides being photocopy-resistant, the indicia printed with the solvent-sensitive ink are washed away when acetone or bleach solvent is applied to the surface of the document. A fluorescence material can also be added to the solvent-sensitive ink to make the indicia printed with the ink fluorescent under black light.

Abstract: A device for detecting fraudulent negotiable instruments by coating areas of the negotiable instruments with a fluorescent substance that, when subjected to an ultraviolet light source, develops an emission of a certain known frequency. The device includes a filter which only passes known emission frequencies so that negotiable instruments can be rejected that do not exhibit that frequency.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a pocket sized instrument for reliable recognition of authenticity features of banknotes and other security documents. A basic embodiment of the instrument includes an elongated rod with a handle part at one end. The handle part contains the battery housing and the switch and is provided with a clip for facilitating handling. The other end of the rod includes a frontal test part. A banknote can be passed through a slit in the frontal test part and exposed to the enclosed optical elements. Authenticity features of the document become visible through illumination.

Abstract: Documents and data, patterns, etc., applied thereto, which are present in the form of a surface relief, in particular in the form of embossed characters, are provided partially in the area of this surface relief with luminescent substance which is testable visibly and by machine. The luminescent substance is introduced either into raised or into depressed areas of the surface relief, so that characteristic features of the surface relief are reflected in its spatial distribution. The data can thus be tested for falsification and at the same time for authenticity in a simple way.

Abstract: Basic commodity or collector's object in particular of a high replacement collector's value with an identification label, whereby the identification label is formed in material of the object itself as an optical mark which is not visible if illuminated with a light source with a wavelength range within the sensitivity range of the human eye but is visible to the human eye if illuminated with a light source outside this sensitivity range the label being situated in an area of a housing surface or other area of the which is optically transparent for at least a part of the wavelength range within the sensitivity range of the human eye and for an additional wavelength range which is outside the sensitivity range of the human eye and which is used to read the label, whereby the undamaged nature of the area is at least to a high degree important when evaluating the replacement or collector's value.

Abstract: A security element that can be embedded in the form of a thread or strip in a security document, in particular a paper of value, is composed of two carrier sheets, each of which bears each of the marking substances allowing for detection of authenticity. The two carrier sheets are put together in such a way that the marking substances to be protected from mechanical abrasion and other external influences come to lie on the inside.The thread not only offers special protection for the marking substances, but can also be embedded in the paper substance easily due to its symmetrical structure and without showing any tendency to curl.

Abstract: A method for preventing counterfeiting or theft of sales, bank checks and other important records and documents comprising alphanumeric characters including, the steps of printing different parts of at least come of the characters in a predetermined sequence of colors, dyes or other materials from a printing ribbon on which the segments or color are serially or alternatively deposited in a predetermined sequence of segments. Additionally, the method and apparatus for fabricating a multi-colored printing ribbon by depositing spaced segments of a first color at a first color depositing station and then inserting segments of a second color between said segments of said first color at a second color depositing station. By providing multiple color applying regions at each station carefully controlled color segments are produced on the printing ribbon. Means are provided to adjust segment spacing, the amount of coloring material deposited and the timing of the overall device.

Abstract: Commercially available pigments mixed with fluorescence compound to obtain print stuff mixtures for transfer thereafter to mattes. The print stuff mixtures obtainable thereby are used to print securitY and face-value documents which will be color copier resistant, that is, not be accurately reproducible or replicable by a photocopier. An empirical test is provided which will allow the ordinary skilled printer to determine the best titer of commercially available fluorescence to be used in the ink/pigment mixing scheme.

Abstract: Stamps such as postage stamps, fee stamps, etc., involve the problem of being machine testable with respect to their position on the carrier and their authenticity, and of assuring that they can only be used once. A stamp is proposed with characterizing printing thereon and an adhesive layer for attaching it to a carrier, said stamp containing a machine-testable marking material suitable for automatic processing, the marking material being provided in the adhesive layer.

Abstract: The plastic material used to form the case and cover of a molded case circuit breaker includes a filler material such as glass fibers for strength purposes. To insure that the incoming plastic material contains the requisite filler material, a fluorescent material is included with the filler. Illumination of the plastic material under ultra-violet light confirms the presence of the fluorescent material and the filler material prior to fabrication of the circuit breaker case and cover. Illumination of the circuit breaker under ultra-violet light in the field confirms both the presence of the filler material as well as the source of manufacture.

Abstract: A method for preventing counterfeiting of sales receipts which involves printing at different stages of both fixed and variable information on register rolls.

Abstract: Structures, including covers, labels, toys and figurines, have fluorescent and phosphorescent materials that emit and reflect light to provide a sense of identity, security, comfort, and amusement. The cover in the form of a blanket has a protective grid of phosphorescent material that when exposed to light and placed in a dark environment emits light for a period of time. The protective grid is a pattern of intersecting ribbons of phosphoresent material anchored to and covering substantially one surface of a fabric. The protective grid provides a visual light shield that creates an image of protection and is useable for amusement and entertainment.

Abstract: A composition for rendering materials fluorescent substantially without visible trace comprises an organic fluorescent compound dissolved in a solvent characterized by a boiling point or distillation range at atmospheric pressure of between about 12.degree.-35.degree. C. The preferred composition comprises fluorescent azoles, such as 2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole, 2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)benoxazole, and derivatives thereof dissolved in volatile halocarbon solvents, such as Fluorotrichlormethane, 1,1-Dichloro-1-Fluoroethane, and 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane. The resultant product is particularly suited for marking currency, papers, fabrics, and other porous webs and surfaces. Treated surfaces appear normal in white light, are highly fluorescent under UV light and feature excellent transfer of the fluorescent compound to fingertips and other surfaces in direct or glancing contact.

Abstract: Stamps such as postage stamps, fee stamps, etc., involve the problem of being machine testable with respect to their position on the carrier and their authenticity, and of assuring that they can only be used once. A stamp is proposed with characterizing printing thereon and an adhesive layer for attaching it to a carrier, said stamp containing a machine-testable marking material suitable for automatic processing, the marking material being provided in the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A label for marking an article for identification and description includes a sheet of material such as paper or vinyl having one surface coated with an adhesive material, and at least one closed peripheral cut formed through the sheet defining the external boundary of identification and descriptive indicia. A method for marking an article for identification and description includes making at least one closed peripheral cut through a sheet of material in selected portions of the sheet to define the external boundary of identification and descriptive indicia, adhesively attaching the closed peripheral cut out portions of the sheet to a surface of the article, and covering the closed peripheral cut out portions and an area of the article surface beyond the external boundary of the closed peripheral cut out portions with a covering material thereby producing a three-dimensional image of the closed peripheral cut out portions.

Abstract: The invention relates to security means for securing the sequential order of the pages of a book such as a passport, or other such security document, by enabling the convenient detection of any removed pages through a visual inspection of the book. Specifically, the invention provides a means of marking the unbound edges of the pages of a book whereby any subsequently missing page(s) may be detected upon a visual review of the unbound side of the book. The tamper-proof comprises a plurality of pages, a spine at a first side of the pages and a visually detectable marking on each one of successive ones of the pages at the outer edge of the side which is opposite the first side. The markings collectively depict a visual image across the outer edges of the opposite sides of the pages such that the absence of any one of the successive pages is identifiable upon viewing the image. Preferably, the markings are printed by means of invisible fluorescent ink.

Abstract: A method of securing a transaction record from counterfeiting is disclosed. The method comprises providing an ink ribbon for a transaction record which is impregnated with an ink containing a fluorescent material and a vehicle which is highly absorptive. A transaction record paper is provided which is at least moderately porous so that the ink contacts both sides of the paper when applied only to one side of the paper. The transaction record is fluorescable under black light on both the front and rear of the transaction record.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a patch which is easily applied to motion picture film, a jig and a method for using the same. The patch may act as a splice to connect two lengths of film which require repair or which must be joined together to produce a complete presentation. The patch may also be applied along a predetermined position of the film to carry control information which may be used to control the sequence of events in a movie theater. In some applications, the patch may serve both a splicing as well as an information-carrying function. The patch can be rapidly and accurately positioned and attached to the film by use of a novel splicing jig and results in a splice which does not leave any adhesive residue about the film sprocket holes or on the jig.

Abstract: In order to distinguish originals from copies, a method adds substances to printing medium that produces markings, which are not visible to the naked eye and are only recognizable by using special scanners.

Abstract: A high security label is disclosed which includes a multiple layer security label with a base layer with a permanent adhesive coated on its lower surface. Indicia or markings are applied to the bottom surface of the top layer. The top layer is laminated to the upper surface of the base layer by a permanent patterned adhesive. The patterned adhesive is formed so as to leave a portion of the upper surface of the base layer and the bottom surface of the top layer free from adhesive. The markings are applied to the bottom surface of the top layer in at least the adhesive free areas.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate having markings which are provided by at least two fluorescent materials which have different excitation spectra in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and different emission spectra in the visible region of the spectrum. The invention also provides a method of marking an article for identification.

Abstract: Documents and data, patterns, etc., applied thereto, which are present in the form of a surface relief, in particular in the form of embossed characters, are provided partially in the area of this surface relief with luminescent substance which is testable visibly and by machine. The luminescent substance is introduced either into raised or into depressed areas of the surface relief, so that characteristic features of the surface relief are reflected in its spatial distribution. The data can thus be tested for falsification and at the same time for authenticity in a simple way.

Abstract: A method of marking an article or substrate with a mark or device which is made visible or is enhanced on exposure to U.V. light which comprises printing onto the article or substrate a photochromic ink containing a photochromic compound which is reversibly converted to a colored form on exposure to U.V. light and reverts to a substantially colorless form in the absence of U.V. light and applying a superficial protective layer to said mark or device which protects the phototochromic compound against degradation by atmospheric moisture and oxygen. In addition the invention includes a security device in the form of a label, document or card which incorporates a mark or device which is partially or wholly invisible in light which does not contain a U.V.

Abstract: The invention relates to security fibers and other allied materials made luminescent by a dyeing process employing rare-earth compounds and their applications in fiduciary documents and other materials requiring authentication.

Abstract: The invention concerns a security-marking procedure, an apparatus to sense a security marking, fiduciary documents provided with security markings, by resorting to rare-earth chelates consisting of at least two rare-earths and of which the fluorescence wavelengths vary as functions of temperature, and fiduciary document containing such chelate(s).

Abstract: The invention concerns a security-marking procedure, an apparatus to sense a security marking, fiduciary documents provided with security markings, by resorting to rare-earth chelates consisting of at least two rare-earths and of which the fluorescence wavelengths vary as functions of temperature, and fiduciary document containing such chelate(s).

Abstract: A counterfeit resistant label for goods is manufactured by selecting a code word from a plurality of possible code words to identify a particular label and desired information relative to the goods with which the label is to be associated, applying the code word as a series of marks in several but less than all of a plurality of predetermined locations on the face of the label using an ink that is sensitive to light in the nonvisible spectrum, and masking the visibility of the ink in light in the visible spectrum over substantially all of the predetermined locations.

Abstract: A security document has security printing formed as a moire pattern of two superimposed sets of generally parallel lines. In each line set the line spacing varies progressively along the length of the lines so that each line set has one or more areas in which the line frequency is low and individual lines can be seen with the naked eye, and one or more further areas of high line frequency in which individual lines can only be readily distinguished by using magnification. Futhermore, the thickness of each line varies progressively between relatively large and relatively small values corresponding respectively to the areas of low and high line frequency, the ration of line spacing to line thickness being approximately constant so that the color or tonal density of the security printing is approximately uniform. For additional security the individual line sets are printed in inks of which the colors can be differentiated by the naked eye but not by a reproducing machine used for counterfeiting.

Abstract: A textile label, that is destinated to be applied to several different types of products, such as clothing, or to any other article, in order to distinguish the corresponding products. It is possible to quickly obtain a showing, without any light being required or even in total darkness, of many details of interest to the buyer or to the user of the product. Characteristically, the textile label is made in the manner of a textile substrate, having incorporated therein at least one phosphorescent thread that forms one or more embroideries. This thread can readily be seen from the top surface or from the bottom surface of the label. The textile label provides quick and easy control over the origin and quality of a highly recognized distinguished product to which it is attached, preventing its total falsification by anyone.

Abstract: A card and a card identifying apparatus. The card is imparted with a predetermined characteristic information in the form of an embossment pattern, a character pattern, a fingerprint pattern, a colored pattern or a combination of selected ones of these patterns, while information corresponding to the predetermined characteristic information is stored in a memory incorporated in the card. Upon insertion of the card into the card identifying apparatus, the latter senses the characteristic information while reading out the corresponding information from the card for collation. When coincidence is found between both information, it is decided that the card is genuine.

Abstract: The invention relates to fiduciary documents and liquids requiring an authentication and a method of marking.The authentication is effected by producing a synthesis reaction of a fluorescent chelate in or on the materials to be authenticated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a printed security with a hallmark in the form of a coating applied in a vacuum to the surface of the security. This coating is so thin that it is almost invisible even as a metal layer, while at the same time permitting accurate automatic examination. The absorption characteristics of the security are preferably measured in a certain range of the wavelength of the spectrum.

Abstract: A negotiable instrument operable for automatic bank scanning and processing wherein the negotiable instrument includes three field areas to receive maker, payee, and amount indicia. A fluorescent ink is applied as background on at least one of the field areas of the negotiable instrument. When ultraviolet light is used to illuminate the negotiable instrument indicia added on top of the fluorescent ink may be automatically detected and scanned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for deterring fraud with documents having monetary value such as a PVC substrate having a signature location on the substrate. In the method, a supporting ink layer 2 including a pigment and containing a product that assures it a certain porosity with respect to the substrate is deposited on the signature location; then a transparent, porous varnish layer 3 including a dissolved powder enabling a fluorescence of the desired color to be obtained under ultraviolet light is deposited on certain zones of the first ink layer 2; next a filigree pattern is printed in zones of either the first ink layer 2 or the varnish layer 3, using a silkscreening process and a second pigmented vinyl ink 4. The signature or identifying mark of the owner of the document is executed using a felt-tip pen having an indelible ink, of the type which is indelible to a product such as that sold under the mark "CORRECTOR".

Abstract: A credential, such as a passport or an identification card, is provided, for example by impregnation or coating, with a phosphorescent composition which includes at least two phosphorescence activators which exhibit different emission characteristics both with respect to wavelength and lifetime so that, when the composition is irradiated, the initial afterglow changes color, for example from green to blue.

Abstract: Security papers with luminescing authenticity characteristics built in or printed thereon which absorb in the visible region of the optical spectrum but in the infrared have a transparent region in which the luminophore also emits. By the absorption in the visible undesired parasitic emissions are suppressed which would make the luminophore visually evident on corresponding excitation. For testing the authenticity of the document the emission is investigated in the infrared. Suitable luminophores are rare earth metal luminophores in suitable host lattices, particularly in ferrite lattices or garnet lattices, which contain transition metal ions as absorbing elements.

Abstract: Security papers with luminescing authenticity features worked into them or printed on them. The authenticity features used consist of a luminophore and one or more absorbing materials by which the emission and/or the excitation spectrum of the luminophore is changed in detectable fashion. The dyestuff can be present as an admixture to the luminophore, as a coating of a luminophore layer or as a coating on luminophore powder grains. For checking the authenticity of documents the emission spectrum of the luminophore is not used but the change generated by the technology used in the emission or excitation spectra.

Abstract: Security paper with narrow band luminescing authenticity characteristics which can only be excited in substantially the same wavelength region in which it also emits. With these authenticity characteristics therefore the authenticity signal is overlapped or covered by the test signal of several orders of magnitude stronger. The authenticity of the security papers cannot accordingly be tested with the normal processes or devices for determining of luminescence. The test devices used take advantage of the decay behavior of the luminescence emission for detection. The authenticity characteristics can be added to the paper material, the printing ink used, further mottling fibres or security threads.

Abstract: Ordinary articles involved in transactions that require ascertaining authenticity of the article, such as wearing apparel, electronic parts, identification cards, or credit cards, may be identified as genuine through use of stimulatable inorganic phosphor compositions. The inorganic phosphors are applied to the article to be identified. The phosphors are excited to store energy therein, such as excitation by application of light as in a radiative photon process, or by application of thermal or electric fields as in a conductive process. The storage may be for however short or long a period. The result of storage is a later emission of real--time luminescence, sometimes called fluorescence, or of time-lag luminescence, sometimes called phosphorescence, or of no luminescence, where energy is either totally stored, converted to non-visible emissions such as infrared radiation, or internal conversion processed.