Abstract: Color change devices which are capable of undergoing a color change on bending. The devices comprise a flexible substrate having a color generating metal (e.g. a valve metal such as Ta or Nb) at at least one surface and an intimately contacting optically thin anodic film covering the color generating metal and generating a visible color by light interference and absorption effects. The thin anodic film is produced by anodizing the color generating metal in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent (e.g. a fluoride) for weakening the normally tenacious bond between the anodic film and the metal. Devices of this kind capable of being activated by bending, as well as by separation of the constituent layers, are produced by carrying out the anodization step in the presence of a particular concentration of the adhesion reducing agent from a narrow range (e.g. 40-350 ppm of fluoride).

Abstract: An initially colorless, chemically sensitive protective ink which can be readily printed or applied onto a document substrate and which reacts upon contact with an oxidizing agent to form a noticeable color change is provided. The protective ink, when printed onto a document, resists leaching by water for an extended period of time, both before and after contact with oxidizing agents, and provides visible evidence of any attempted tampering. The leach-resistant ink includes a colorless material which becomes colored upon contact with an oxidizing agent and a complexing agent which reacts to form a complex with the colorless material. A fixing agent which promotes insolubilization and fixing of the complex to the document substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A document system having improved image security for preventing or reducing the likelihood of successful alteration of information printed on a document includes a detectable substance is released from ruptured microcapsules onto the document in image areas. The substance that penetrates through the document to form a confirming image on the reverse surface. Another detectable substance of lesser penetrating ability simultaneously may be released onto the document in the image areas. Spreading of the first substance outside the boundaries of the image area created by the second substance may produce a halo effect around the image area. Documents as treated by the methods are disclosed, as well as articles comprising a document to be treated in contact with a sheet coated with the detectable substance. The first substance is microencapsulated, the second substance may or may not be microencapsulated.

Abstract: Methods for preventing or reducing the likelihood of successful alteration of information printed on a document, wherein a detectable substance is released from ruptured microcapsules onto the document in image areas. The substance penetrates through the document to form a confirming image on the reverse surface. Another detectable substance of lesser penetrating ability simultaneously may be released onto the document in the image areas. Spreading of the first substance outside the boundaries of the image area created by the second substance may produce a halo effect around the image area. Documents as treated by the methods are disclosed, as well as articles comprising a document to be treated in contact with a sheet coated with the detectable substance. The first substance is microencapsulated, the second substance may or may not be microencapsulated.

Abstract: A system for verifying the authenticity of documents such as negotiable instruments wherein a field of photoactive microcapsules is provided in a localized area on the document. By image-wise exposing the document, a latent image of a verification meand such as a signature, fingerprint, or the like can be produced on the document which can be instantly developed upon rupturing the microcapsules to verify the authenticity of the document when it is presented.

Abstract: An identification method, applicable to the identification of animals or inanimate objects, is described. The method takes advantage of a hithertofore unknown set of individual-specific, or IS antibodies, that are part of the unique antibody repertoire present in animals, by reacting an effective amount of IS antibodies with a particular panel, or n-dimensional array (where n is typically one or two) consisting of an effective amount of many different antigens (typically greater than one thousand), to give antibody-antigen complexes. The profile or pattern formed by the antigen-antibody complexes, termed an antibody fingerprint, when revealed by an effective amount of an appropriate detector molecule, is uniquely representative of a particular individual. The method can similarly by used to distinguish genetically, or otherwise similar individuals, or their body parts containing IS antibodies.

Abstract: An advertising device formed of sheet material having a first and second portion, one of which includes a predetermined visual indicia formed thereon, and the other portion having a non-visible or latent image or indicia formed therein; whereby the latter is rendered visible by coating the latent image with a developing ink. This disclosure further contemplates a developing device for developing the latent or non-visible image or indicia, which includes a support arranged to receive the sheet of material so that the portion having non-visible or latent image is predeterminedly positioned at a developing station formed on the support adjacent to a source of a developing ink supply formed thereon.

Abstract: A tamper evident document comprising a support bearing an autogenous coating including chromogenic material isolated from an electron-acceptor color developer material in which the autogenous coating bears a principal image comprising visible indicia of a transfer medium imprinted on the surface of the localized autogenous coating. Tampering with the principal image causes chromogen to react with the electron-acceptor color developer material to provide a color indication of tampering.

Abstract: System for requiring the contemporaneous application of time clock data and personal data to a time card to prevent or signal the fraudulent application of either type of data at a time which is substantially different from the other type of data, i.e., by up to about 15 minutes. The present system includes the use of time cards having at least one color-forming chemical which may be in the form of a discontinuous coating, time clock transfer elements which may be coated with at least one complimentary color-forming chemical, pre-application of a liquid coating to the data-receiving area of the time card, which liquid coating permits the desired color-forming reaction only while it is liquid and which dries under ambient conditions before about 15 minutes, and the use of a signature-applying implement containing a special ink including at least one color-forming chemical and/or a mixture thereof with a transparent dye or pigment.

Abstract: A dye-receiving element and process for producing a high-security, monolithic identification card, the element comprising a support having thereon a dye image-receiving layer adapted to receive a thermally-transferred dye image, the dye image-receiving layer containing indicia printed thereon approximately 40-120 .mu.m in width.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for protecting a document against unauthorized alteration comprising providing, on localized areas of a substrate, a self-contained chemical system which can produce an authorized visible message when subjected to impact pressure, and the same chemical system produces an unauthorized warning indication when any attempt is made to mechanically alter the authorized visible message.

Abstract: Anti-theft device, tag assembly and article theft detection system. An anti-theft device having a thin elongated sealed container (e.g., a closed tube) containing a chemical agent is attached to each article to be protected. One or more detectors capable of detecting the chemical agent are placed in the area to be protected. Removal of the anti-theft device, which requires cutting or tearing, causes the chemical agent to be released and to be detected by a detector. This in turn registers an alarm. The anti-theft device may be combined with a tag to form a tag assembly. The tag may contain a passive transponder of a type used in electronic article surveillance systems. A transmitter and receiver placed near the exit from the protected area will cause an alarm to be activated if someone attempts to remove a protected article with tag attached from the protected area.

Abstract: A tape product which bears a visible message which is changed when the tape is subjected to stress is adapted for use on containers and packages to indicate that the same container or package has been opened or the closure has been tampered with in an attempt to open the same. The message change is obtained by the tape becoming opaque to obliterate one message and provide a contrasting background for a different message.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plastic identification card with forgery protection with respect to embossed information. There is a problem with existing credit cards in that the forgers can change the embossed information. This problem is overcome by providing in registration with the embossed information a layer of chemicals reactive under the pressure of a change in the embossed information to release a colored dye.

Abstract: A novel lottery ticket comprising a blush-type coating which coating is characterized by susceptibility to a change in appearance when exposed to either (a) any of a wide spectrum of organic solvents or (b) an elevated temperature. Such susceptibility reveals that solvent or thermal techniques have been used in tampering with the ticket or a pouch package in which the ticket is held. Such tampering is often the result of an illicit attempt to obtain information about the indicia printed on the ticket.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plastic identification card with an improved signature panel. There is a problem with existig credit cards in that the existing signature can be obscured by printing over with a patch of clay composition similar to that used to provide the original signature panel. A new signature can then be applied. This problem is overcome by providing a signature panel which is sandwiched between the core stock and a protective transparent film. The signature panel comprises a layer of chemicals reactive under the pressure of a signature to release a colored dye conforming with the signature.

Abstract: A novel lottery ticket comprising a blush-type coating which coating is characterized by susceptibility to a change in appearance when exposed to either (a) any of a wide spectrum of organic solvents or (b) an elevated temperature. Such susceptibility reveals that solvent or thermal techniques have been used in tampering with the ticket or a pouch package in which the ticket is held. Such tampering is often the result of an illicit attempt to obtain information about the indicia printed on the ticket.

Abstract: Method of constructing pneumatic tire where at least one of its elements is comprised of a heat-curable rubber composition, an improvement in which such composition is identified with a releasably attached identification tag containing an information-providing ink composition thereon, wherein the ink composition contains a heat activatable blowing agent. The invention further relates to the heat-curable rubber composition so-identified and also to the identification tag itself.