Abstract: A portable seat, comprising an internal frame; a cover; and one or more hook assemblies; wherein said internal frame is encased by said cover; wherein said one or more hook assemblies comprise a hook, biasing element, and anchoring element; wherein said one or more hook assemblies engage said internal frame at an engagement area via said anchoring elements; wherein said cover comprises one or more holes through which said one or more hooks protrude; wherein said biasing elements applies a force to said hooks such that said hooks pivot at said engagement area and said hooks rest against said cover; wherein said one or more holes are not configured to be sealed; and wherein said hooks are configured to engage a front surface of a bench by pivoting away from said cover and extending orthogonally relative to said cover.

Abstract: A seat made of drop stitch material has a back panel, a bottom panel, and a support panel, where the back and bottom panels are adjustably and detachably connected to each other at a substantially orthogonal orientation, and the support portion tilts or reclines the seat into a recumbent position which is advantageous for paddling while sitting on the upper surface of a watercraft.

Abstract: The portable bleacher chair provided by the present disclosure includes a base and a backrest rotatably connected to amend of the base. The base includes a pair of main rods arranged in parallel and a foldable assembly connected between the pair of main rods. The foldable assembly is configured to be in a folded state or an unfolded state, and a distance between the pair of main rods varies with a transition between the folded state and the unfolded state of the foldable assembly. Since the base includes the foldable assembly, the portable bleacher chair provided by the present disclosure is small, compact, and easy to carry in the folded state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an outdoor and/or collapsible chair (1), said chair (1) having: a frame (2), the frame (2) having a pair of elongate front members (4) spaced apart by at least one cross member (5); a pair of elongate rear members (7) spaced apart by at least one cross member (8); at least one side member (10) extending between each of said front and rear members (4, 7); a flexible seat (15), adapted in use to be supported by said frame (2) between said side members (10), said seat (15) having a bottom portion (17) and a back portion (18), said portions (17, 18) having a front surface (20) and a back surface (21); and at least one temperature controlling pocket (30) located adjacent said bottom portion (17) and/or said back portion (18) to provide in use temperature control to a region of a user when sitting in said chair (1).

Abstract: A bicycle luggage rack includes a mounting rack and a supporting rack. The mounting rack includes a first sliding portion having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end. The first sliding portion further includes an arcuate portion between the first and second ends. The supporting rack is disposed on top of the mounting rack. The supporting rack includes a second sliding portion and a placement surface. The second sliding portion is slidably disposed on the first sliding portion and is slidable along the arcuate portion. An angle between the placement surface and the mounting rack is varied while the second sliding portion slides along the arcuate portion of the first sliding portion. The level of the placement surface is varied while the second sliding portion slides along the arcuate portion of the first sliding portion.

Abstract: A chair including structural members having hinge joints at ends thereof pivotally coupling each of the members to one or more adjoining members. The chair is configured to be arranged in a collapsed configuration wherein all of the members are in the same plane and define a substantially planar shape, and configured to be arranged in an expanded configuration to define a seat, armrests, support legs, and leg braces of the chair. A stool assembly includes at least first and second stools configured to be stackable such that the seats of the stools abut face to face and in combination define a composite base. A system for constructing furniture includes multiple joints each having slots configured to receive and retain structural members and configured to be assembled with the structural members to form a piece of furniture with the multiple joints defining corners of the piece of furniture.

Abstract: A tree stand is provided. The tree stand includes a seat assembly and foot rest assembly. The seat assembly is mounted to the foot rest assembly and includes a seat and a seatback. The tree stand also includes a pair of mounting plates which mount to either side of the tree stand such that it may be side-mounted to a tree or other mounting body. The seatback is reclinable relative to the seat unobstructed by the mounting body.

Abstract: A stadium seat assembly facilitates the carrying of a stadium seat to and from a sporting event. The assembly includes a seat. A shoulder strap is provided having a first end and a second end each coupled to the seat. The shoulder strap is configured for extending around a shoulder of a user for supporting the seat from the user's shoulders.

Abstract: Gaming chairs include a seat sized to receive a user, a frame coupled to the seat, and a tension mechanism. The frame includes at least a foot-actuated-input-device support portion configured to support a foot-actuated input device, such as associated with a video game, in a position to receive inputs from a user's foot when the user is seated on the seat. The tension mechanism is in tension when a user is seated on the seat and applies pressure with a foot against a foot-actuated input device supported by the foot-actuated-input-device support portion and applies pressure against a back portion of the seat with the user's back. In some embodiments, the tension mechanism includes one or more straps and may be described as a strap system. In some embodiments, the gaming chair includes an extended configuration and a collapsed configuration.

Abstract: A collapsible, compactable chair or seating apparatus having a pair of rigid frames hingedly connected to one another to form an A-frame configuration. Both frames may be collapsed so that the frame dimensions of the chair in an operational, deployed configuration may be reduced in two dimensions (i.e., height, length) when collapsed into a compacted configuration for storage or transport. The novel chair may be compacted into a thin bundle that may be rolled up in and contained within fabric forming a portion of the chair. In its compacted, rolled up state, the novel chair is suitable for transportation within a backpack or other such enclosure.

Abstract: A combination blanket and seat article is disclosed. The blanket portion comprises a king-size terry cloth sheet with two removable seat cushions installed in pockets. Straps attaché the seat back to the seat cushion and secure the seat for comfort. Weights around the periphery of the blanket secure it in place. The blanket portion can be used separately from the seat portion. When the seat is inserted, the back portion can be rolled to form a pillow. A strap is provided to hold the rolled back in position. Handles are provided for carrying the article. Shoulder straps are also provided to enable carrying the article as a backpack.

Abstract: A floor cushion with a seat back has excellent ease of storage and is designed to improve heat preservation by adjusting the cushion size to a chair or increasing its fitting property. The floor cushion includes a sheet-like seat portion, a sheet-like seat back portion foldably connected to a rear part of the seat portion, and sheet-like sleeve portions foldably connected to both sides of the seat portion. The sheet-like portion extends at a required length beyond the rear part of the seat portion, and extensions of the respective sleeve portions are attached to the back face of the seat back portion, thereby enabling fixing of the respective extensions and the seat back portion to each other, detachably and in a way to allow positional adjustment with hook-and-loop fasteners.

Abstract: A light-weight easily transportable chair having a fabric foam plastic seat, a fabric covered foam plastic seat back and a hinge interconnecting said seat and said back and a flexible fabric skirt fixed to the bottom of the seat, the skirt extending over the top of a bucket and secured to the bucket and with support braces on the bottom of the seat to rest on the top of the bucket.

Abstract: An adjustment device for beds, mattresses, seats and the like, which adjustment device includes several support elements extending across an adjustment direction and together spanning a support plane and at least one drive device for pivoting of support elements relative to each other for the purpose of a slope or trend change of the support plane. The support elements are provided with at least one mounting element extending across the support plane. Each mounting element is provided with a pivot joint in its first end region. Spacer devices are provided to maintain the spacing of adjacent mounting elements relative to each other in the region of the pivot joint. Spacing adjusters to change the spacing of adjacent mounting elements are provided on the region of the second ends of the mounting element opposite the pivot joints.

Abstract: A portable seat is provided. The seat comprises a cushion device inside a pocket formed by an outer casing. A heat transfer device is carried by the cushion device and is inside the outer casing. The cushion may be reversed permitting the heat transfer device to be immediately adjacent the user or to provide at least a portion of the cushion between the heat transfer device and the user.

Abstract: A portable seat is provided. The seat comprises a cushion device inside a pocket formed by an outer casing. A heat transfer device is carried by the cushion device and is inside the outer casing. The cushion may be reversed permitting the heat transfer device to be immediately adjacent the user or to provide at least a portion of the cushion between the heat transfer device and the user.

Abstract: A portable seat and storage apparatus combining the multifunctional capacities of a chair, backpack, and storage device. The device incorporates a frame assembly and back support frame assembly, which cooperate to form an adjustable seating capacity. The apparatus may be a substantially open frame or configured with at least one panel. The seat frame assembly is further configured to define a volume enclosing a storage assembly. The storage assembly may be configured as a single or multicompartmented assembly, and may include a plurality of handles, lids, and drawers. The apparatus may be configured with at least one cooperating storage assembly guide recess and storage guide to guide the storage assembly into proper storage position, as well as a plurality of storage retainers and storage stops to limit the travel of the storage assembly. A plurality of accessory devices may be attached with a plurality of clamp-type accessory holders.

Abstract: An adjustable support system of seat structure includes two side supporting units foldably extended from two vertical sides of the back panel, at least an elongated element having a predetermined length of holding portion extended from the back panel through the two side supporting units respectively, and an adjustable locker securely locked up two free end portions of the elongated element for adjusting the length of the holding portion of the elongated element, so as to adjust a folding angle between each of the side supporting units and the back panel.

Abstract: An improved kit for converting a non-reclining wheelchair into a reclining wheelchair providing replacement side rails which improve patient comfort by preventing the side rail from impinging upon the patient. The replacement side rails are affixed to the frame of the wheelchair after the original side rails are removed. The replacement side rails bend outward to avoid the location of the patient's axilla when the wheelchair is reclined.

Abstract: An accessory for an all-terrain vehicle having a rear deck behind the operator includes a base, mountable on the rear deck of the vehicle; at least one closeable compartment on the base portion, for storing items; a removable chair attachable to the base, having a padded seat and a backrest connected to the padded seat by adjustable straps; and a padded portion on the base, for resting a portable cooler.

Abstract: An easy chair device has a leg frame, and a chair main body disposed on the leg frame. Two backrest support rods and two armrest support rods extend upward from the leg frame. The chair main body has a backrest, a seat, and two armrests. The armrests are supported by the armrest support rods and the backrest support rods. A back band is disposed on a back of the backrest. Two fasteners are disposed on two ends of the back band. Two fastening bands are disposed on the armrests to engage with the back band.

Abstract: A patient transport device is disclosed which includes a seat member, a back member, a leg supporting member, and a head supporting member. The device may be unfolded to a position wherein the patient may be transferred thereon in a supine position. The back member may be selectively adjustably positioned with respect to the seat member so that the patient may be transferred thereon in a sitting position with either the patient's legs hanging downwardly from the seat member or extending outwardly therefrom in a horizontal position. Various carrying straps are provided on the device to enable the patient to be easily transported in either the supine position or in a seated position. Restraining straps are also provided.

Abstract: A folding chair is described of the type having a seat portion and a back portion joined by a fabric hinge. The seat and back portions have an array of stiffeners, the stiffeners each having one end mounted in the hinge and another end retained in an end retainer. The outermost slats are provided with a slot through which a pair of stays are wound to limit the opening of the back and seat portions relative to each other. The retainers and the hinge capture the ends of the slats in an interference fit. Some or all of the slats may be glued in place with a waterproof glue. A dual purpose cover is provided for enveloping the chair in a folded position for carrying and also for overlaying the chair when in a position for use.

Abstract: A chair includes a seat frame, a pair of rear joint unit, a backrest frame, a pair of rear legs, a pair of front joint units, and a pair of front legs. The seat frame has a top side, a bottom side, front and rear ends, and two lateral sides which interconnect the front and rear ends. Each of the rear joint units has a first pivot member disposed above the seat to extend along a direction transverse to the lateral sides of the seat frame, and a second pivot member disposed below the seat frame to extend parallel to the first pivot member. The backrest frame is connected pivotally to the rear joint units via the first pivot members so as to be foldable over the top side of the seat frame. Each of the rear legs is connected pivotally to one of the rear joint units via the second pivot member so as to be foldable over the bottom side of the seat frame. Each of the front joint units has a third pivot member parallel to the second pivot member.

Abstract: A thermal seat is provided including a seat panel and a back panel. The seat panel includes a first rigid support, a second rigid support, and a cushioned region. Similarly, the back panel includes a first rigid support, a second rigid support, and a central cushioned region. The thermal seat additionally includes first and second straps attaching the seat panel and the back panel to provide a predetermined angle between the seat panel and the back panel. The interaction between these components of the thermal seat provide for a sturdy and comfortable sitting arrangement. The thermal seat additionally includes a thermal unit constructed for being received within the central cushioned region of the seat panel or the back panel. Alternatively, the thermal unit can be provided in both the seat panel and the back panel. A method for using the thermal seat is provided by altering the temperature of the thermal unit, and introducing the thermal unit into either the seat panel or the back panel.

Abstract: A reclining backrest system for a person in a wheelchair having a wheelchair frame which includes a pair of substantially vertical members, comprising a backrest, brace members and a cushion. The backrest is substantially rigid and has longitudinal and lateral edges. The lateral edges include a lower edge. The brace members have a certain amount of flexibility and are affixed to the lower edges of the backrest the to the pair of vertical frame members. The cushion is supported against the front portion of the backrest, and provides a substantially vertical, cushioned, backrest. The cushion comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending pockets, each pocket have at least one opening, disposed against the front portion of the backrest, and a plurality of removable pads adapted for insertion within the pockets, and for providing individual cushioned back surfaces.

Abstract: A ground-based seat, including a back structure, a seat structure, seat structure support, a foot structure, and foot structure support is described. The back structure includes a top portion, a bottom portion, a front face, and a rear face. The seat structure includes a front portion, a rear portion, a top face and a bottom face, the rear portion of the seat structure being pivotally connected to the bottom portion of the back structure to allow relative rotation of the two structures. The seat structure support extends between the back structure and the seat structure and is positionable for preventing rotation of the seat structure downward and away from the back structure when a person is seated in the seat. The seat structure support may also be configured to allow the seat structure to be positioned substantially parallel to the back structure such that the bottom face of the seat structure lies adjacent the rear face of the back structure.

Abstract: A folding chair for use on both level and inclined supporting surfaces has a back support and a front leg assembly pivotally connected to a bottom for independent forward and rearward movement relative to the bottom and to each other between operative and collapsed positions. A flexible retaining strap of adjustable length maintains the front legs in selected angular position relative to the bottom and holds the bottom in a generally horizontally disposed position when the chair is supported on an inclined surface. A flexible carrying strap of adjustable length maintains the back in a comfortable back supporting position relative to the bottom. Lifting the chair by the carrying strap automatically collapses the chair into a compact bundle which may be carried on a shoulder by the carrying strap. Collapsible rear legs may be provided for supporting the chair bottom at a conventional chair seat height above a supporting surface.

Abstract: A seat for a baby carriage has a backrest core member held by a backrest holding member through a connecting mechanism combining a bracket (77) with a slot (75) and a guide pin (76). When the backrest core member is most inclined, the pin is located against one end wall of the slot to permit moving the backrest core member downwardly thereby forcibly bringing a head guard core member into an upright position. The head guard core member is rotatably connected to a control member which uses the movement of the backrest core member for the movement of the head guard member. Thus, a head guard portion is brought into a state substantially flush with a backrest portion when the backrest assumes a relatively upright state, while the head guard portion is brought into an upright position from the upper end of the backrest portion in a most inclined state of the backrest portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a three wheeled stroller which is adapted for use in transporting an infant. The stroller includes a collapsible frame structure and a seat which is adapted to be secured thereto. This frame structure is both laterally collapsible and foldable to facilitate the storage and transportation of the stroller. Both the collapsing and the folding can be initiated by way of an upper lock assembly positioned adjacent the handles of the frame. A series of straps are also included for the purpose of adjusting the seat back of the stroller.

Abstract: A vest garment with pivotable seat member is provided. The seat member is connected to the interior aspect of the dorsal member of the vest garment and is pivotable between positions for use and for stowing away. Straps support the seat member from the vest to create an effective chair when the seat member is lowered for use, and the straps are adjustable so that the angular orientation of the seat member with respect to the vest can be adjusted for comfort to the user. When not in use, the seat member is swung back inside the vest and stowed against the dorsal member. The dorsal portion of the vest fabric and the seat member are reinforced with rigid edges for seating comfort and structural support.

Abstract: The portable stadium seat apparatus is comprised of an apparatus designed to be used at spectator events where the seating is flat benches without backs. The apparatus consists, in one embodiment, of a streamlined fabric unit which folds readily into a compact flat pad or rolls up to fit a pocket while providing a padded seat and a vertical back support portion. The more detailed embodiment is a multi-compartment shoulder bag having a similar padded seat and a vertical back support portion and a storage compartment which extends from the seat when the unit is in position on the bench, and a storage compartment which is behind the backrest when the unit is in position. The webbing is attached to a hook that secures the seat to the front edge of the bench. The webbing goes across the bench and over the back edge. A compression member is inserted into a pocket in the webbing to form a rear edge for the seat at the back of the bench.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable chair structure, and particularly to a chair structure that when folded down is space-saving and easy for carrying for leisure activities, comprising air cushion body, seat cover, and support rods wherein said air cushion body composed of a plurality of air cushions joined together, and on the top end of each air cushion having an intake for filling or discharge of air in or out of air cushion; on each end of seat cover having an awning for air cushion body to set therein, and each side of seat cover having support rod that provides support function to make the user of the chair feel more comfortable, and on each side of awnings having a connection strip connected to connection device, and the angle between the seat back and seat cover of chair can be adjustable by means of adjusting buckles on connection device.

Abstract: A kit for converting a non-reclining wheelchair into a reclining wheelchair with a thoracic-lumbar-sacral correcting orthosis ("TLSO") corrective chair back. The TLSO chair back portion is hingeably affixed to the frame of a wheelchair which has had its non-reclining chair back removed. The desired degree of incline of the TLSO chair back portion is set by adjustment of recline adjustment straps.

Abstract: A portable seat carrier is provided, which consists of a seat in which a person may sit upon. A backrest to support a back of the person, is hinged to the seat. A structure extends from the sides of the seat to removably connect to the backrest for supporting the backrest in an upright position. Components are for carrying the seat and the backrest. When the supporting structure is removed from and placed behind the backrest, the backrest can be folded backwards against the seat, to form a briefcase type configuration, allowing the carrying components to transport the briefcase type configuration to another location.

Abstract: An improved camping sleeping mat and/or chair arrangement having improved lateral edge stiffening rod retention pockets and having coupling members for coupling various portions together in various configurations. A separate inflatable pillow may be detachably mounted on the camping sleeping mat and/or chair arrangement.

Abstract: The folding seat consists of a seat back (4) and a seat bottom (6) connected by two living hinges 12) and side release buckles (20,24) mounted on bendable strips (16,22) secured to the inner ends of the seat back (4) and seat bottom (6). Upon elevation of seat back (4). The folding seat consists of a seat back (4) and a seat bottom (6) connected by two to a 90.degree. angle, the side release buckles (20, 24) are engaged to form the operative position. In this position the seat back (4) has sufficient strength to support a person while also creating lumbar support as it flexes in response to the size and shape of the user.

Abstract: A foldable recliner/lounge pad having four cushions interconnected with wide hinges to allow folding the cushions together for carrying and support. The cushions have cloth exteriors and are interiorly foam padded. Two of the cushions that can be used as a back support have rigid centers sandwiched between layers of foam. Strap are used for carrying and locking the back support pads in an upright back support position.

Abstract: A compact folding seat, that can also be used as a satchel for carrying picnic or beach items, includes a folding frame having two interconnected wire frame members. Torsion springs are provided for spreading the wire frame members apart from a carrying position to a seating position. The folding frame is surrounded by a fabric that forms a back portion, a seat portion, and at least one triangular-shaped seat side. The folding seat is maintained in the carrying position by securing a pair of adjustable straps to a pair of releasable securing retainers. A pair of handles can be provided for carrying the folding seat.

Abstract: A lightweight seating arrangement having an envelope with an upper layer and a lower layer defining a pad-receiving, air-tight cavity. A pad is positioned within the cavity and preferrably bonded to the upper layer and lower layer. The pad folds along a fold line from a flat position to a position in which a back portion extends upwardly from the seat portion and the back portion is movable towards and away from the seat portion along the fold line. The pad may be comprised of two parts, one in the seat portion and one in the back portion, with a space therebetween to provide the fold line. Flaps extending completely across the seating arrangement are provided at the remote ends thereof and overly a portion of both the back portion and the seat portion. Tab portions are coupled to the flaps at the sides thereof and flexible straps, which are detachably coupled together, are provided on the tab portions.

Abstract: A collapsible and foldable composite chair with back slats and seat slats attached to a flexible fabric material. The slats are fixedly and securedly attached to pockets in the flexible material by a unqiuely positioned and arranged staple system which minimizes damage to the fabric and the slats and which enhances the co-action therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention is an elongated, canvas-like article having sleeves at each end, the article providing basically the bottom and front and back sides of a bag to which are attachable, in various forms, side portions which complete the formation of the bag. The side portions contain pockets on the outer sides which are divided so as to provide separate receptacles for individual items. The inner side of each side portion is an elastic net-like covering which allows the insertion of items which do not require separate pockets. The invention also includes means for carrying the bag to the beach which means can also be utilized to provide a support for the reclining aspect of the invention in which the means for carrying the beach bag provide both a support against the sand as well as for the upper portion of the rectangular segment. The basic embodiment and the other two embodiments disclosed herein are substantially identical.

Abstract: An inflatable article comprises a peripheral inflatable member adapted to be folded on itself about a line, defining two generally similar parts, thereof; and a cushion member attached to the peripheral member along the inside of one of the parts. When folded, the article can be in the form of a chair.

Abstract: A portable, foldable seating device having a seat and backrest pivotally connected to one another. A U-shaped support is pivotally attached to the seat and in a stored position the back and seat engage in a generally parallel abutting relationship with the support extending to provide a carrying handle. In the use-position as a seat, the support secures the back in a generally vertical position with respect to the seat. The seat may be used with the backrest upright on a relatively flat surface or may be inverted with the backrest serving as a support leg and the bottom of the cushion upwardly facing to provide a seating surface on an incline or hillside.

Abstract: A collapsible beach chair which is formed from a covering, such as canvas, which is folded and joined together to define a pair of seat compartments and a pair of back compartments with the compartments being joined together by a transverse hinge portion of the covering. The seat compartments are joined together by a longitudinal hinge portion of the covering separate and apart from a longitudinal hinge portion of the covering joining together the back compartments. Each compartment has therein a stiffening element which includes a rigid backing having a padded surface. The hinge portions of the covering are so arranged that the seat may be folded with all four compartments being disposed in side-by-side relationship and with the back forming compartments disposed outermost. The back forming compartments are joined together by releasable strap means and carry handles to facilitate the carrying thereof.

Abstract: The chair of the present invention comprises a foldable frame of metal or other rigid material, comprising a fabric or plastic seat rest supported between a pair of tubes or rods, to the ends of which are hingedly connected a pair of telescoping tubular back supports, which, in open position extend upward, supporting between them in taut relation a backrest, also of fabric or plastic, which is further supported by a pair of X-pivoted braces and other braces connected to the telescoping tubular supports. Four stub legs support the seat rest in open position. A particular feature of the invention is that it is readily folded into an elongated configuration of narrow width, which may be fitted into a tube, by first folding the back and seat together, and telescopically extending the back supports, which simultaneously causes the X-pivoted braces and other braces to rotate into approximately parallel relation with the back supports.

Abstract: A formed flat blank of corrugated paperboard or the like is peripherally contoured with wing portions or extensions, and impressed with fold lines, such that interfolding and cementing together in predetermined sequence of said wing portions provides comparatively rigid seat and back portions and foldingly interconnectible side gusset portions allowing for conversion between chair seat and carrying case modes of use.

Abstract: A seat has an inflatable seat base member, a back rest member and attachments for securing the seat to rigid structure of a vehicle in which it is installed. A top seating surface of the seat base member is further supported by support panel members attached one to each side end wall of the seat base member and extending upwardly to connect with vehicle rigid structure so that a supported seating surface is available for use when the seat base member is deflated.

Abstract: A posture alignment seat shell for supporting and passively restraining a person seated therein includes a horizontal seat portion and an upstanding back portion formed from resilient material to define a one-piece unit. The upstanding back portion includes a lower back part connected to the seat portion, an upper back part above the lower back part and slanting forwardly thereform, and lateral side parts at opposite sides of the upstanding portion extending forwardly therefrom to prevent side movement of a person sitting thereon. The shell includes flexible strap means for pulling the upstanding back portion downward relative to the seat portion and adjusting the angular position of the back portion. The shell further includes strap means for securing the shell to a chair and strap means for pulling the top segment of the upper part downward and selectively adjusting the height thereof.

Abstract: Four substantially parallelopiped cushions are provided and disposed in end-to-end relation and positionable on a plane surface with either first or second corresponding face surfaces of the cushions opposing the plane surface. Each pair of adjacent cushion ends are connected together for relative angular displacement about a transverse axis extending along corresponding end transverse marginal portions of the first corresponding face surfaces of the cushions. Three adjacent cushions of the four cushions are of generally the same length while the fourth cushion is of a length equal to approximately one half the length of each of the other three cushions.