Abstract: A synchronized ballast for a discharge lamp having an increased dimming range. The ballast includes a combined overvoltage and reverse voltage protection device for an electronic circuit operable from a direct current supply is disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic circuit with a protection device against fluctuations in the supply battery voltage, being of a type which comprises a MOS power transistor connected between one pole of the battery and an electric load for driving said load to ground, further comprises a pair of Zener diodes connected to each other in a push-pull configuration, between said pole and the gate electrode of the power transistor.

Abstract: A relay-less load driver circuit includes an FET that couples a battery to a load. A bias circuit that selectively turns the FET on during normal operation also turns the FET on in reverse-battery conditions to avoid high power dissipation by an intrinsic diode associated with the FET.

Abstract: The additional voltage drop across a guard diode against supply polarity inversion in an integrated bridge circuit for driving an external load and employing two high-side NPN power switches driven by two PNP transistors, all monolithically integrated using a junction-type isolation technique, is substantially eliminated by connecting the emitters of the two PNP drive transistors directly to the positive rail, i.e. to the anode of the guard diode. Integrated PNP transistors are per se intrinsically protected against polarity inversion and when so connected permit to reduce the overall voltage drop across the driving bridge circuit. Using a Zener diode as the guard diode and a second Zener diode connected in opposition to the first Zener between the cathode thereof and the negative supply rail an additional spike protection of the circuit's components is implemented.

Abstract: A guarded electronic circuit from reversal of its supply battery polarity comprises a MOS power transistor connected between one pole of the battery and ground, to drive an electric load to ground, and a second, protection MOS transistor connected between the pole and the first transistor; said transistors, which are both provided with respective inherent diodes between the source and the drain, have their related drain electrodes connected together. The resulting circuit is self-protected against possible reversal of the polarity of the battery to which it is connected, and can protect the electric load driven thereby.

Abstract: An integratable circuit configuration includes a first transistor of one conduction type having an emitter being acted upon by a first potential, a collector being acted upon by a second potential, a base, a base-to-collector path and a base-to-emitter path. A resistor is connected in parallel with the base-to-emitter path of the first transistor. A second transistor of the other conduction type is connected to the base of the first transistor for triggering. A diode may be connected in parallel with the base-to-collector path of the first transistor. The diode conducts in inverse operation for reverse current reduction during inverse operation of the first transistor. A third transistor may be connected to the first transistor instead of the diode and fourth and further transistors may also be connected to the first transistor.

Abstract: A terminal unit for use in an information transmission system disposed between an information transmission line in the information transmission system constituted of signal lines for transmitting a signal by conduction therethrough of a direct current having positive polarity and negative polarity and controlled equipment as one terminal of the system, including at least a coupling circuit for transmitting and receiving a signal to and from the transmission line by converting the signal into a direct current as aforesaid and converting such a direct current into the signal, a transmission control device controlling transmission and reception of a signal according to a protocol for signal transmission, and a transmission circuit and a reception circuit disposed between the coupling circuit and transmission control device for making signal transmission and reception, respectively, and further, comprising a polarity detection circuit for detecting polarity of the direct current voltage supplied from the signal l

Abstract: This invention relates to a voltage sensor for sensing a voltage on an electrically charged object such as a distribution line or the like, the sensor being disposed with an insulation space to the object. The voltage sensor includes an amplifier circuit for outputting a signal having a waveform similar to that of a displacement current inflowing from the electrically charged object via the insulation space, and a filter circuit for extracting a signal having predetermined frequencies from the output of the amplifier circuit and outputting an alternating current waveform similar to the potential of the electrically charged object.

Abstract: A new type of power source switching circuit is disclosed. In the device of the present invention, a relay is used instead of semiconductor elements which are used in the conventional types of power source switching circuit. Compared with the conventional ones, the circuit according to the present invention is much simpler, and assures the protection of the circuit against damages due to an overvoltage or impact pulses, which damages are liable to occur in the conventional types of power source switching circuit.

Abstract: A reverse battery and loss of positive supply voltage detector circuit includes a power field effect transistor for switching a stored inductive energy to the ground supply voltage terminal if there is a disruption in the power supply. A detector circuit senses a reversal of the supply voltage connections as would happen if the battery were connected backwards and enables the power field effect transistor for discharging a negative voltage that may have developed across an inductive load. The detector circuit further senses a loss of the positive supply voltage and enables the power field effect transistor for discharging a negative voltage that may have developed across an inductive load due to the disruption of applied power.

Abstract: A power relay for a switching control device of a microwave oven, designed to prolong the life of the power relay by alternately carrying out the drive of the power relay used for controlling the power in a microwave oven at the positive (+) cycle and the negative (-) cycle of the alternating current input voltage, respectively. The output signal of the 50 Hz/60 Hz clock generator for generating the clock signal corresponds to the frequency of the alternating current input voltage and is combined with the output signal of the power relay ON/OFF generator. The power relay ON/OFF control part is composed so as to alternately realize the ON-point and the OFF-point of power relay at the positive cycle and the negative cycle of the alternating current input voltage, respectively, so that no potential difference takespace in one direction between contact of the power relay, and the life is thereby prolonged.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel switch for iontophoresing cation and anion, comprising an on/off switch for power circuit; a selector switch for reversing the output current from an iontophoretic low-frequency oscillator; and a rotary member actuating said on/off- and selector-switches when turned.

Abstract: A control device for supplying current to electrical appliances and particularly appliances having single phase capacitor start motors wherein the control device includes a changeover switch which is mounted between a source of power and the appliance motor and which changeover switch includes selectively operated components for controlling the power supply to the appliance motor or to terminate the power supply thereto. In one embodiment of the invention, a second circuit is provided intermediate the power source and the appliance motor for detecting the amount of current flowing in the circuits so as to insure connection of the starting capacitor of the motor, braking of the single phase motor when power is terminated and to provide an indication of overcurrent in the motor.

Abstract: An electronic bipolar interface driver circuit for interconnecting a microprocessor to an electromagnetic relay load. The driver circuit includes a peripheral adapter circuit having a pair of outputs connected to a respective one of the two inputs of a pair of NAND gates. A source of square-wave signals connected to the other inputs of the two input NAND gates so that a.c. signals are supplied to one of two switching amplifiers. The a.c. signals are transformer-coupled to a pair of rectifiers. The rectified d.c. voltage is supplied to either one of two switching transistors which establishes a given polarity of voltage on a pair of output terminals and which illuminates one of two optical couplers to feedback a checking signal to the peripheral adapter circuit to verify the polarity of the voltage on the output terminals.

Abstract: A power supply having a dual-polarity, automatically switchable high voltage output. The power supply includes apparatus for regulating low voltage including a comparator having a programming voltage input and a feedback voltage input. The low voltage is converted by low voltage dc conversion apparatus to both negative and positive polarity high voltage dc signals proportional to the electronic signal applied to the programming input. Apparatus for switching the high voltage output by remote control is provided such that in a first switching mode the high voltage output is derived from the output of the positive polarity conversion apparatus, and in a second switching mode the high voltage output is derived from the output of the negative polarity conversion apparatus.

Abstract: A negative sequence occurring in a polyphase power system control including a continuous wave frequency transducer causes a second harmonic to be generated which for a 60 Hz system comprises a 120 Hz signal. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the continuous wave frequency transducer includes an active 120 Hz notch filter having one stage which provides a component of the 120 Hz second harmonic. This signal is coupled to a second harmonic detector implemented by a semiconductor diode connected to the output of an operational amplifier. The detector diode is coupled to one input of a comparator circuit whose other input is coupled to a selectable DC reference signal. The comparator operates to generate a fault indicating signal indicative of a negative sequence when the output from the second harmonic detector exceeds the reference.

Abstract: A monolithically integrated, polarity-reversal protected switching circuit includes, in the output of a switching stage, a symmetrical thyristor instead of an otherwise customary diode. This thyristor is constituted by an npn transistor and a lateral pnp transistor. The control input of the thyristor is controlled by an additional control arrangement in such a manner that the thyristor is switched off at the occurrence of high voltage peaks. In this manner, there is obtained a relatively inexpensive monolithically integrated switching arrangement which is protected against polarity reversal and withstands voltage pulses of up to 150 volts.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the starting of a three phase load in its normal phase sequence. The apparatus is connected to the load in a predefined manner and has input terminals for receiving three phase electric energy through external supply lines. There is provided a device within the apparatus which automatically corrects the phase sequence of the electric energy supplied to the load. An open phase protection device is provided which allows the starting of the load in response to the absence of open phase in the received electric energy, and inhibits the starting of the load in response to the presence of open phase in the received electric energy due to, for example, breaking of an external supply line. In one embodiment, the apparatus is built into a submersible motor-pump assembly. The pump is always initiated to rotate its impeller in a proper direction for pumping, regardless of correct or incorrect phase connections between the external supply lines and the input terminals of the apparatus.

Abstract: A phase controller of a type consisting of two magnetic contact units, a phase shifting mechanism for a thermal relay, a biasing circuit, a control circuit and a delay circuit, whereby phase shifting by the phase shifting circuit and three-phase currents, in coordination with the biasing effects due to the biasing circuit, alters the peak voltage of the alternating currents flowing past the phase-setting relay, to convert the state of the contacting points so as to incite the magnetic contacts in the phase conversion unit following a change in phase of the three-phase power source, thus maintaining the output end of the power source at a certain phase in a manner convenient and safe enough by all standards.

Abstract: A method for interrupting an inductive load in a three-phase, high voltage network by means of a switch having a quick dielectric recovery, in particular a vacuum switch, in which two of the three vacuum switches, having a quick dielectric recovery, open at least 1/3 of a cycle of the network frequency later than the first vacuum switch, augmented with the minimum arcing time in the first vacuum switch, in order to prevent high over-voltages, caused by virtual chopping.

Abstract: Alternate polarity pulses of current are fed to a load L1A by charging a capacitor C5A alternately in different directions and closing unidirectional switches V2A and V3A at appropriate times to discharge the capacitor C5A through the inductor L1A. This arrangement is considered superior to an alternative system in which different capacitors are charged with different polarities to produce the different pulses. In the latter system the arrangement of switches needs to be such that the closing of one produces transient voltages which might cause the other switch to operate when it is not required to do so. In the illustrated system the switches V2A and V3A, being connected in parallel, do not suffer from this problem. In an alternative system the switches V2A and V3A could be replaced by a single bi-directional switch.

Abstract: A multiphase imbalance monitor utilizes a resistive summing network for sampling the ac voltage in each phase of the system under consideration. The summing network provides a zero voltage output under normal conditions. When a phase imbalance or missing phase condition occurs, the summing network provides a finite output voltage which can be used to actuate indicating and/or interrupting means.

Abstract: A power distribution apparatus, and related method, for coupling single-phase power from a three-wire input line to a power outlet only when the ac power signals carried on the input line have the correct polarity. Particular wires of the three-wire input line are designated to carry a positive power signal, a neutral power signal, and a negative power signal, with the positive and negative power signals having opposite polarities. The apparatus detects the voltage difference between the power signals carried on the two wires designated to carry the positive and negative power signals and couples power to the power outlet only when the detected voltage difference exceeds a prescribed threshold. Since the detected voltage difference exceeds the threshold only when the polarities of the power signals on the input line are correct, the system prevents the coupling of incorrect voltage levels to the power outlet and thus eliminates electrical shock hazards of this kind.

Abstract: A remotely operated downhole switching apparatus, particularly adapted to selectively connect a downhole device such as a sensor circuit to a cable which supplies power to a downhole motor includes a switch for connecting the downhole device to a neutral node of the motor, a latch coil responsive to a latching signal carried by the cable for closing the switch, and a delatch coil connected to the cable through a frequency responsive circuit which is responsive to a delatching signal carried by the cable for passing current through the delatch coil. A diode connected to the delatch coil prevents current flow through the delatch coil in a direction which causes the switch to close. An AC signal may be employed for closing the switch, and a voltage pulse may be employed for opening the switch.

Abstract: The protective circuit against overpoling and overloading of an electronic consumer includes a combination of a zener diode connected parallel to the consumer and a parallel connection of a fuse and a conventional diode connected in series with one power supply terminal. Preferably an additional fuse is connected in series between the power supply and the first-mentioned fuse. In the case of a polarity reversal, a fuse burns out, but after restoring normal operational conditions the protective circuit permits operation of the consumer.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus that is adapted to be connected between a source of alternating current supply and a load is designed to achieve automatic correction of hot and neutral lines at the output should the supply lines at the input be reversed, and is arranged to be utilized in connection with a ground wire. To achieve the result, a change-over switch is provided in each of the phase wires and a logic circuit is provided for operating the switch, the logic circuit being arranged to detect a voltage change between one of the phase wires and the ground wire so that when a voltage change is detected, the logic circuit will energize the switch to reverse the connection of the supply lines to the load. Two types of change-over switches are disclosed, one in the form of a relay and the other in the form of solid state triacs.

Abstract: A universal 3-wire switch module is provided for normally open and/or normally closed load control modes. The universal switch module is field convertible from P type DC to N type DC to P type AC to N type AC configurations as programmed by installation wire connection, without internal changes to the switch module. A single switch module replaces the prior dedicated switch modules used for the various configurations. The switch module is further characterized by its versatile application to a wide range of voltage.

Abstract: A circuit which accepts an input signal of either positive or negative polarity and produces an output signal having an open circuit voltage similar in amplitude to the input signal amplitude but having a defined polarity. A plurality of switching elements, preferably MOS transistors, are connected in a bridge circuit, the bridge circuit having a pair of input terminals responsive to the input signal and a pair of output terminals for providing the output signal, the switching elements being connected between the input and output terminals. Each of the switching elements has a control input connected to one of the input terminals whereby each of the switching elements automatically opens or closes in response to the polarity of the input signal to maintain the defined polarity of the output signal.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling the power delivered to a load from an alternating current source includes a bridge rectifier coupled to the alternating current source for developing full and half-wave rectified signals in response thereto. The full and half-wave rectified signals are algebraically added to form a reference signal which is applied to one input of a comparator, the other input comprising an adjustable direct current control signal. The output of the comparator comprises a pulse width modulated signal which is used to control the state of a switching transistor connected in series with the load between the rectifier node developing the full-wave rectified signal and a point of reference potential.

Abstract: An uninterrupted power source (UPS) system is provided by utilizing a synchronous motor to power an alternator which provides the desired uninterrupted output power. Normally, the synchronous motor is powered by utility line power. However, an interruption in utility power will cause the motor-alternator set to slow down, although the inertia of the system will continue generating power. If the utility power interruption is sufficient such that the alternator output frequency drops more than 1 Hz, or if reverse power flow is detected from the synchronizing motor back into the utility grid, the motor is automatically powered by an inverter driven from a battery-powered current source. A feedback system from the alternator output insures that the inverter is synchronized with the synchronous motor in order to quickly bring the alternator's output back up to the desired voltage and frequency level.

Abstract: A microprocessor controlled motor starter is utilized in which the sign values of two phases of voltage are sampled and stored prior to actual motor startup to determine if a phase reversal, a phase imbalance, or a phase loss exists. If any of the preceding conditions exist, the motor start operation is aborted. This generally requires sampling the signs of the appropriate voltages three times during each voltage cycle at approximately equal intervals of 120.degree., give or take 10.degree. or so, and then forming a matrix of voltage signs versus sampling intervals. By comparing diagonal measurements of the sign values in the matrix for three diagonals in a direction of advancing time, phase loss or imbalance can be determined. The determining factor is that each diagonal must contain two values which should be equal, that is, both should be digital ones or both should be digital zeros. If such is the case for the three diagonal measurements, then no phase imbalance or loss exists.

Abstract: An absolute magnitude circuit is provided wherein an input signal is fed to one input of a differential amplifier circuit, the output of such amplifier circuit being coupled to a second input thereof through a negative feedback loop, such feedback loop having two output terminals with an inverter coupled therebetween; and a switching circuit, responsive to the polarity of the input signal, for coupling a selective one of the pair of output terminals to an output of the absolute magnitude circuit, with the voltage at the output of the absolute value circuit having the same polarity independent of the polarity of the input signal.With such arrangement, since the input circuitry to the operational amplifier is independent of the polarity of the input signal, the gain and biasing of the absolute magnitude circuitry is independent of input signal polarity.

Abstract: An electronic control circuit for the formation of a monostable switching behavior in a bistable relay, including a logic circuit for the conversion of binary input signals into control signals for a switching circuit through which the direction of current flow is reversible within the relay, whereby the relay is switchable at each status change of the input signal. The electronic control circuit includes at least one time pulse generating circuit with an at least single-step divider circuit, wherein the input signal is applied to an interrogating circuit through which first control signals can be generated immediately after each status change of the input signal and in synchronism with a predetermined timing pulse, and in which the switching circuit consists of a bridge circuit controlled by the first control signals, through which the relay is supplied with short power pulses whose polarity can be reversed by the control signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phase sequence network. The network is compensated for frequency variations in the signal applied to the sequence network so as to develop a desired sequence component output that is accurate over a limited but adequate range of frequencies.

Abstract: A semiconductor circuit for protecting battery powered electronic devices from damage due to polarity reversal. A metal oxide semiconductor is employed in series with the power source to switch the power input as appropriate. A first embodiment simply disables the power source input upon improper polarity. A second embodiment actually reverses the effective polarity to the load. Because the source-to-drain impedance of the metal oxide semiconductor device is resistive, a number of protection devices may be used in parallel to achieve an arbitrarily low voltage drop between power source and load for a given current drain.

Abstract: Four bipolar transistors are arranged in a bridge configuration and are interconnected with two additional bipolar transistors to provide an efficient polarity guard circuit. The circuit has two output terminals, one of which has a positive polarity regardless of the polarity across two input terminals. The two additional transistors prevent collector to base current from flowing through any of the bridge transistors which may be biased off.

Abstract: A three-phase circuit, either load impedances or transformer windings for feeding such load impedances, are connected in a delta circuit configuration by a first group of controllable semiconductor elements and in a star circuit configuration by a second group of such elements. All elements are fired, but at different phase angles for operatively establishing a star, a delta, or a mixed type of connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery cable jumper arrangement. The arrangement has a first pair of cables and clamps at the connecting ends of each cable of the first pair of cables to connect each cable end to a respective terminal of a source of D.C. power. The arrangement further includes a second pair of cables with clamps at the connecting ends of each cable of the second pair of cables for connecting each cable end to a respective terminal of a battery to be recharged. A first sensor, such as a three-position solenoid, senses the polarity of connection of the first pair of cables at the source of power, while a second sensor, such as a three-position solenoid, senses the polarity of connection of the second pair of cables at the battery.

Abstract: A safety device is included in a circuit comprising a power source and a user device. The power source has one terminal connected to ground, as does the user device, with the safety device connected in a conducting path leading to the ground in the user device. In the event of an incorrect polarity connection between the power source and user device, a current path through the safety device and to ground is established.

Abstract: A device for automatically protecting telecommunication apparatus against input signals of improper polarity. The device does not use any energy or voltage after polarity match is established, so that use of the device does not degrade the incoming signal. A set of relay contacts, controlled by diodes, assures that the signal applied to the load is of proper polarity. There is no voltage drop between the exchange line incoming cable and the load.

Abstract: Sequence network circuits are provided for use in three-phase protective relaying applications. In one embodiment, the circuit includes input circuit means for receiving input signals, one of which comprises a reference input signal, and signal processing means for processing such input signals. The signal processing means includes an operational amplifier and a single capacitor. A plurality of resistors couple the input signals to the operational amplifier. The value of the resistors and the capacitor are selected such that the output signal of the operational amplifier is representative of the quadrature voltage, relative to the reference input signal, and shifted 90.degree. lagging with respect to its normal phase position. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In a reference voltage generation circuit consisting of a capacitor, a reference voltage source for generating a predetermined voltage for charging the capacitor and a voltage polarity switching circuit for selectively inverting or not inverting the charged voltage of the capacitor to produce an output voltage at an output terminal, and capable of being fabricated in a semiconductor integrated circuit, the improvement wherein the voltage polarity switching circuit includes a second capacitor for compensating for an error between positive and negative reference voltages due to the stray capacitors.

Abstract: A method and system for enhancing the transient stability of an intertied three-phase electric power generating system. A set of power exporting generators (10) is connected to a set of power importing generators (20). When a transient cannot be controlled by conventional stability controls, and imminent loss of synchronism is detected (such as when the equivalent rotor angle difference between the two generator sets exceeds a predetermined value, such as 150 degrees), the intertie is disconnected by circuit breakers. Then a switch (30) having a 120-degree phase rotation, or a circuit breaker having a 120-degree phase rotation is placed in the intertie. The intertie is then reconnected. This results in a 120-degree reduction in the equivalent rotor angle difference between the two generator sets, making the system more stable and allowing more time for the conventional controls to stabilize the transient.

Abstract: A circuit with low impedance for maintaining a single polarity at an output is disclosed. Switching is provided by light controlled switching devices which in one embodiment are field effect transistors (14, 15, 16, 17) which are optically triggered by one or more photo-responsive devices (26', 27', 28', 29') coupled to their gate electrodes. The ON-OFF state of each switch is determined by the presence or absence of light from an adjacent line-powered LED (26, 27, 28, 29). A diode (32, 33, 34, 35) may be included in parallel with each switching device to provide surge protection.

Abstract: In a typical power system, a motor bus is fed by a main power system; and, an auxiliary system is provided to alternatively feed the motor bus. When a fast transfer from the main power to the auxiliary power system is desired, for example, in case of fault occurring in the main system, the inventive method transfers power in a synchronous mode; that is, power is transferred from the auxiliary system to the motor bus when the phase difference of the auxiliary system with respect to the frequency of the residual voltage on the motor bus is essentially zero degrees.

Abstract: A portable power pack for starting and operating automotive engines includes a transformer having a primary winding provided with wires to be plugged into a standard 110 volt 60 hertz electrical supply and a center-tapped secondary winding connected to a pair of silicon controlled half wave rectifiers to provide a direct current output at approximately 16 volts. A remotely operable trigger or gate circuit is provided to cause the silicon controlled rectifiers to fire only at the time it is desired that electrical power be fed to the automotive engine which is to be started or operated. With the exception of the electrical leads from the standard source of alternating current, to the automotive engine, and to the point of remote operation of the trigger circuit, the entire power pack is potted in a solid, thermally stable, thermally conductive material to rapidly dissipate the heat generated within the potted electrical elements of the power pack when it is delivering electrical power to an automotive engine.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuel energy is converted to AC electrical energy by a new system utilized to supplement AC power for household and similar limited size loads in synchronism with existing AC utility service via pre-existing wiring between the load and the utility lines. The system has an externally excited commutator AC motor-generator driven by an internal combustion engine to provide AC power at a magnitude which is a function of the drive shaft velocity and degree of excitation. An exciter circuit provides excitation for the motor-generator to cause the generated AC power to be in phase with utility power. A load demand sensor senses current flowing through the wiring to the load, providing a control signal signifying magnitude of the current, thus measuring load power requirements. Control circuitry interconnected with the exciter circuitry and the engine is responsive to the control signal to control excitation for causing the generated supplemental power substantially to meet load requirements.

Abstract: A control circuit is disclosed for synchronizing a prime mover or electrical generator with an electrical grid or power line such that when the prime mover is connected to the grid;(a) the instantaneous phase and slip are within allowable limits;(b) the phase and slip expected at breaker closure, as contrasted to the instantaneous measured phase and slip, will be within given limits;(c) the phase and slip anticipated at the breaker closure instant are optimal for the given trajectory, i.e. when they are the closest to their most desired values during the given transition. The circuit includes a clock for measuring the phase difference between the power line voltage and the generator voltage and means for calculating the rate of change of the phase difference which is a measure of difference of the respective frequencies known as the slip.

Abstract: A device for automatically changing the polarity of a direct current supply source for use in a cataphoresis apparatus comprises a switch for changing the polarity of migration current, a device for generating a functional signal in response to a detection of the finish or the beginning of the migration current, a signal processing device connected to the functional signal generator for processing the functional signal to drive the polarity change switch and a polarity changing device connected between the signal processing device and the polarity change switch for instructing polarity change of the migration current to the polarity change switch and for memorizing the changed polarity of the migration current in spite of switching on or off of a power supply source. The polarity changing device always changes the polarity of the migration current to a polarity opposite to the just before polarity every detection of the finishing or the beginning of the migration current.

Abstract: A battery jumper cable assembly (15) including a pair of solenoids (100,200) connected to provide an interlock preventing the direct connection of two batteries (10,20) in series with each other by means of such cable assembly is disclosed. The operation of the cable assembly under various operating conditions is described. The essential features of the solenoids and the interconnection of alternate types of switch elements in the cable assembly are disclosed.