Abstract: An electrically isolated, combined power and signal coupler, for a patient connected device, is disclosed. A docking station and a portable device, capable of docking with the docking station each include a power coupler and an electrically isolated data transducer. The respective power couplers include a magnetically permeable element including a central pole and a peripheral pole and a printed circuit board with an opening through which the central pole protrudes. The printed circuit board includes windings surrounding the central pole opening: a primary winding in the docking station and a secondary winding in the portable device. When the portable device is docked with the docking station, the magnetically permeable element in the portable device and the magnetically permeable element in the docking station are arranged to form a magnetic circuit, and the data transducer in the portable device and the data transducer in the docking station are arranged to exchange data.

Abstract: Power converters such as power modules configured as inverters employ modularized approaches. In some aspects, semiconductor devices are thermally coupled directly to thermally conductive substrates without intervening dielectric or insulative structures. Additionally, or alternatively, semiconductor devices are thermally coupled to thermally conductive substrates with relatively large surface areas before heat transferred from the semiconductor devices encounters a dielectric or electrically insulating structure with correspondingly high thermal impedance.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for deicing energized electrical transmission lines by means of an apparatus capable of producing an angular offset between its terminals. The method consists in: selecting segments (4, 6) of electrical transmission lines to de deiced, connecting the segments (4, 6) so as to form a loop, connecting the apparatus in series with the segments (4, 6) of the loop to be deiced. In the case of an apparatus with adjustable angular offset, it consists in switching on the apparatus and adjusting the angular offset to impose an increase of current flowing in at least one of the segments (4, 6) as the case may be. In the case of a apparatus with fixed angular offset, it consists in using a switch (54) or a circuit breaker (28) so as to connect the apparatus in the loop, the apparatus and the line segments being previously selected such that the angular offset imposes the required current increase to the deicing of at least one of the segments (4, 6) of the loop.

Abstract: A distance extender (100, 200) for increasing a distance between a first device (145) and a second device (150) in electrical communication with the first device includes an electrical cable (130, 230) electrically coupled between the first device and the second device, a first subsystem (110, 210) electrically coupled to the first end of the electrical cable, and a second subsystem (120, 220) electrically coupled to the second end of the electrical cable. The electrical cable includes a first end (131, 231), a second end (132, 232), and a plurality of wires extending between the first end and the second end. The plurality of wires includes a first wire, the first device generates a data signal and provides an electrical power signal, and the data signal and the electrical power signal are simultaneously transmitted between the first device and the second device over the first wire.

Abstract: One apparatus embodiment includes a patterned electrically conductive layer, a power source, and an actuator. The power source provides an electrical signal to the electrically conductive layer. The monitoring unit monitors the electrical signal and initiates an action based upon a change in the electrical signal.

Abstract: System and method for re-routing internal power for reducing voltage requirements of a submarine transmission system. A power supply supplies power to a bridge rectifier circuit (10) the latter biasing a plurality of Zener diodes (11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16) which are connected in parallel arrangement with respective optical amplifiers (21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26). The bridge rectifier circuit (10) is arranged such that a first predetermined number of Zener diodes (23; 24; 25; 26) are biased in forward bias direction thus operating as normal diodes with a low voltage drop, whereas a second predetermined number of Zener diodes (21; 22) are biased in reverse or powering direction thus powering respective optical amplifiers.

Abstract: The switching apparatus and method are provided for varying the impedance of a phase line of a segment of an electrical power line. The phase line includes n conductors electrically insulated from each other and short-circuited among each other at two ends of the segment. The apparatus comprises, for each of at least one of the n conductors, a passive component and a pair of electromechanical and electronic switches, the pair of switches being able to connect and disconnect in a selective manner the passive component in series with the corresponding conductor, the switches of each pair being controllable independently. The apparatus also comprises a detecting device for detecting the current operating conditions of the phase line, and a control device for controlling each pair of switches according to the current operating conditions.

Abstract: The high-voltage metal-clad substation element comprises at least one circuit-breaker connected electrically and mechanically to at least one set of busbars (3, 4) extending along an axis (D) that extends transversely to the longitudinal axis (AX) of the circuit-breaker. The metal case (1) is fixed to the ground via a hinge which allows the case to tilt slightly when said set of busbars (3, 4) expands along said transverse axis (D). This configuration makes it possible to omit or to reduce the use of axial bellows on the set of busbars, thereby reducing the cost of manufacturing the metal-clad substation. Advantageously, in association with the hinge, the metal case is designed to have some flexibility to reduce mechanical stresses when the set of busbars expands.

Abstract: An electrical power conditioning apparatus in accordance with the present invention generally includes an electrical input for receiving power from the power source, a surge suppression circuit and a plurality of electrical outlets. A plurality of parallel channels connect the input to at least one of the plurality of outlets. At least one of the plurality of channels includes a filter circuit and a current sensor circuit for measuring the current through the channel. One or more displays are electrically connected to the current measuring to a visual indication of voltage and current measurements.

Abstract: A single power distribution board having pin coded connectors may be used for both AC and DC power distribution to appropriate AC and/or DC power supplies in an information handling system. A common conductive layer may be used for either AC neutral or DC power supply return so as to eliminate one conductive layer in the power distribution board. Alternatively, total isolation of AC and DC power source inputs allow both AC and DC power supplies to operate together in a robust, redundant fashion. The DC power supplies in combination with a battery system may be used as an inexpensive uninterruptable power supply for the information handling system. Various DC and/or AC source voltages and frequencies may be coupled to appropriate power supplies through the pin coded connectors.

Abstract: A roll-ring conductive wheel is used to conduct electricity between the inner and outer races of rotating or moving parts. The conductive wheel is a thin-walled metal cylinder with a plurality of spokes connecting the outer cylindrical wall to a central hub. The preferred spokes are arcuate and the wheel is made flexible so that it can be compressed to an elliptical shape between the inner and outer conductive races for good electrical contact and to absorb slight deflections or gap variations between the races. The conductive wheel can have other shapes depending on the configuration of moving parts, such as a truncated cone shape for conical or wedge-shaped races.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a circuit block with a plurality of components. At least one of the components is supplied with a voltage having a value different from that supplied to the other components. This allows reduction in power consumption in the semiconductor integrated circuit device.

Abstract: A method of tapping a high voltage transmission line for input into a power distribution substation is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of dividing the transmission line and attaching the conductors to the primaries of at least two transformers via a series connected first disconnect switch, second disconnect switch and circuit breaker. A bus interconnects the first disconnect switch and the second disconnect switch and the bus of the first transformer bay is connected to the bus of the second transformer bay using a circuit breaker. A system for the conversion of tapped high voltage electricity to medium voltage electricity is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing conductive thermal losses in high-current cryogenic power electronics systems needing large cables to interface between warm and cold environments. Thermal losses increase with increasing cross-sectional area. The total current at the warm/cold interface is split into many smaller currents by splitting the power buss into a plurality of parallel leads. Respective physical switches in each smaller lead at the interface interrupt current flow, and at the same time open the path for thermal conduction along the lead. When little or no current is flowing through the system, selected smaller leads of the power buss are physically opened by the associated switches to stop the thermal and electrical flow along these leads. Current diverts to another parallel lead in the buss but the cross section for heat flow is reduced at the interface.

Abstract: An automation device includes a modular assembly with a primary group configured for use with a hardware element. The primary group includes a controller providing signals. A feeder unit provides power to automated units. A primary first link connects the input/output modules, the primary first link carrying the signals and carrying power to the input/output modules. A primary second link connects the input/output modules and carries power to the automated units. A terminating module connects to the primary first and second links. A secondary module group is associated with a secondary zone of the hardware element. The secondary group includes a lead module connected to a secondary first link and a secondary second link, the secondary first link connected to the primary first link. A cable connects the terminating module with the lead module.

Abstract: A communication jack having crosstalk compensation features for overall crosstalk interference reduction is disclosed. In one embodiment, the jack is configured to receive a plug to form a communication connection, and comprises jack contacts disposed in the jack, with each contact having at least a first surface and a second surface. Upon the plug being received by the jack, the plug contacts interface with the first surface of the jack contacts. The jack further includes a first capacitive coupling connected between two pairs of jack contacts to compensate for near end crosstalk, with the first capacitive coupling being connected to the pairs of jack contacts along the second surface adjacent to where the plug contacts interface with the jack contacts. A far end crosstalk compensation scheme is also set forth.

Abstract: A printed circuit board having a first switching device (S1 or S2), a second switching device (S3 or S4), a third switching device (S5 or S6), and a common source node (26 or 166) that are each mounted to a surface of the printed circuit board (50 or 150). The printed circuit board further includes at least a first set of conductive paths in a first layer, a second set of conductive paths in a second layer, and a plurality of vias that connects the first layer to the second layer. The first set of conductive paths provides electrical conductivity between the common source node, the first switching device, the second switching device, and third switching device. The second set of conductive paths in the second layer provides electrical conductivity between the common source node, the first switching device, and the third switching device.

Abstract: A modular infrastructure for a computer server rack, comprising modular server chassis, each chassis configured to receive a plurality of servers and two network switches. The switches are redundantly coupled to each server in the same chassis via point to point links within a data backplane. The rack further comprises redundant AC to DC power supplies configured to transmit power to a power backplane in each of the server chassis through a power bus bar. DC power is provided by both power supplies to each server in the rack through the power bus bar and a power backplane located in the same chassis. Each power supply is sufficient to power the entire rack. Servers within separate chassis are coupled into the same network by merely daisy chaining the switches in the rack. Individual servers are deployed by sliding the servers into a server chassis to engage connectors in the backplanes.

Abstract: An improved modular landing gear harness for use on a jet aircraft is disclosed. The modular landing gear harness is divided into four sub-assemblies including the main sub-assembly, the brake temperature monitoring sub-assembly, the weight off wheels sub-assembly, and the anti-skid sub-assembly. The various sub-assemblies may be connected to form a unitary harness that provides a protective conduit for wiring for critical landing gear systems. The use of light-weight composite connectors facilitates troubleshooting and substantially reduces the overall weight of the harness assembly.

Abstract: A motor and a rotary potentiometer, or other position sensor, running on the motor shaft are mounted in a first enclosure with an output shaft for driving a power switch open or closed. A part of the system outside the first enclosure makes use of a motor position signal from the rotary potentiometer that is processed by a microcontroller that a worker can interact with at a switch panel to set and adjust motor travel limits without needing access into the motor enclosure. The first enclosure and its components can be used for various applications, including those for either underground or pad-mounted switches, which for the latter case can have the first enclosure inside a second enclosure on a pad, and the second enclosure also contains other power and control elements of the system. A portable unit with the switch panel for travel limits can be provided.

Abstract: A system for providing electric power and a method of controlling the same. The system includes a local power source, a non-neutral-bonded connector electrically connected to the local power source, a neutral-bonded connector, and a conductor. The system also includes a first connector that provides an electrical connection between the non-neutral-bonded connector and the neutral-bonded connector in a first configuration of the system, and a second connector that provides an electrical connection between the non-neutral-bonded connector and the conductor in a second configuration of the system.

Abstract: An interface cable for providing a connection between an AC power source and a DC sensor. The interface cable includes a shroud portion containing a power convertor for converting power from an AC power source to a DC power output for powering a DC sensor. The shroud portion additionally includes a sensor interface for converting an output from the DC sensor to an output comparable to an output provided by an AC sensor for connection to controller configured for an AC sensor. The shroud portion is formed as a compact cylindrical structure integral with first and second cable portions whereby the interface cable provides a readily installed interface for connecting a DC sensor to a machine configured for operation with an AC sensor.

Abstract: A distribution line structure for electric power supply is provided with a pair of first conductors and a second conductor. Each of the first conductors is provided with a first main portion formed in a flat strip shape and first connection portions, and the second conductor is provided with a second main portion formed in a flat strip shape and second connection portions. The first conductors are connected with each other at the first connection portions. The first and second main portions are layered and separated each other by insulators. The second main portion is put between the first main portions.

Abstract: A submarine cable power feeding system includes N (N is an integer of 2 or larger) main submarine cables extending from the land in the offshore direction, N-stage (N is an integer of 2 or larger) submarine feed branching devices, and first to Nth (N is an integer of 2 or larger) sub submarine cables. Each submarine feed branching device is connected to the main submarine cable to receive constant-voltage power from a constant-voltage feed unit. Each sub submarine cable connects the Nth-stage submarine feed branching device, connected to the Nth main submarine cable, to the adjacent submarine feed branching device through submarine repeaters, thereby receiving power from a constant-current feed unit. Each constant-current feed unit is built in the submarine feed branching device. The submarine feed branching devices and the submarine repeaters are arranged in a matrix on a plane.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a modular temporary lighting assembly and multi-outlet stringer that is particularly suited for building construction settings. The modular lighting assembly is formed by connecting a plurality of like-shaped stringers and a plurality of like-shaped multi-outlet receptacles. The assembly is formed by several sections, with each section including one stringer and one receptacle. Each stringer has a three-prong twist-lock plug at one end, and a three-port twist-lock outlet at the other. Each receptacle has a light socket, one male twist-lock plug, three female twist-lock outlets, and a mounting hook. The socket receives a light bulb and a removable protection cage. The receptacles are hung along the ceiling of the building and electrically connected by the stringers. The sections of the lighting assembly are connected in a single linear routing or a multi-branch pattern throughout the desired areas of the building.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for transmitting power over non-adjacent multiple conducting pairs and aggregating power from the conducting pairs to power a remote electronic device. In an embodiment, the apparatus and method comprises a wiring closet which has power supplying capabilities for providing power to a plurality of conducting pairs. A remote termination is adapted to aggregate power provided to and transmitted by two or more non-adjacent conducting pairs. The aggregated power is supplied to a remote electronic device. Preferably, a plurality of power circuits provide power to the conducting pairs. Preferably one or more rectifier circuits aggregate power from the non-adjacent pairs to the remote electronic device.

Abstract: Power converters such as power modules configured as inverters employ modularized approaches. In some aspects, semiconductor devices are thermally coupled directly to thermally conductive substrates without intervening dielectric or insulative structures. Additionally, or alternatively, semiconductor devices are thermally coupled to thermally conductive substrates with relatively large surface areas before heat transferred from the semiconductor devices encounters a dielectric or electrically insulating structure with correspondingly high thermal impedance.

Abstract: A backplane for a motor controller having a control module and one or more axis modules provides both low power and low powered signals and high power used to produce motor drive signals.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, an integrated jack unit is provided. The integrated jack unit includes a housing. The integrated jack unit also includes a jack positioned at least in part in the housing. The integrated jack unit also includes a power controller positioned in the housing and coupled to the jack by a line. The line is designated for coupling with a transformer. The integrated jack unit also includes a pin protruding outwardly from the housing. The pin is electrically coupled to the jack through the power controller and the line. The pin is positioned to receive power for the jack from a printed circuit board.

Abstract: The invention concerns a solid state current distribution system for DC voltages comprising an electronic solid state switch (13) for current switching from an input circuit powered by a voltage source to an output circuit connected to a load. The switch is connected to a first copper support (11) soldered to the case of the electronic switch and connected to the input circuit. An electronic printed board (14) is provided for the control of the electronic solid state switch, and a second copper support (12) is connected to the output terminals and to the load.

Abstract: There is provided a method for blocking a portion of energy of a signal in a power line. The method includes equipping a high frequency magnetic core with a coil, connecting a capacitor across terminals of the coil to create a resonant circuit that resonates at a frequency of the signal, and placing the magnetic core around the power line, at a location where the blocking is desired.

Abstract: The invention provides a modular distribution system having central distribution panel for receiving a plurality of services at an input and having a plurality of outputs each connected to an outlet at a remote location. A central region is provided in the central distribution panel having a plurality of module receiving connectors each having a first portion connected to the input and a second portion connected to one of the plurality of outlets. A plurality of modules are each separately connectable to a respective module receiving connector and configured to bridge a selected service from the first portion of the module receiving connector to the second portion of the module receiving connector.

Abstract: A signal conductor includes first and second connectors connected to the ends of a cable. The second connector includes a signal processing element that processes signals transmitted between the first and second connectors. In another implementation consistent with the principles of the invention, the signal processing element is located in a patch panel connected to the signal conductor.

Abstract: An electrical system for a vehicle such as a truck wherein a power source is split or divided into a plurality of branch power lines to transmit power and data to a variety of systems and subsystems throughout the vehicle, each line having a fuse and a filter so that the data is isolated on the individual circuits while power is delivered to such circuits. In one embodiment, the system includes a J560 connector with a data filter, data control circuitry, and one or more power line transmitters and receivers being incorporated into the J560.

Abstract: A field bus module assembly includes a generally rectangular base module adapted for mounting on a fixed support, an input/output module, and a connecting module for connecting the input/output module with the base module, the base module including a lateral projecting portion adapted for insertion in sealed relation within a corresponding recess contained in the base module of an adjacent assembly. The base module includes a housing formed of a synthetic plastic insulating material, a plurality of bus bar conductors mounted on the housing, a protective cover member covering the bus bar conductors, and a mass of encapsulating material hermetically sealing the space around the cover.

Abstract: An housing of a meter unit is inserted from above into a meter unit support hole which is provided in the rear handle cover. Engagement claws of the housing are engaged with claw receiving portions of the rear handle cover, thereby prevent the housing from coming out. Male connector is provided beforehand in the rear handle cover, and inserting the housing of the meter unit into the meter unit support hole causes the female connector of the housing to be automatically connected to the male connector, thus completing the wiring work of the meter unit. The wiring work on the meter unit supported on the rear handle cover of the motorcycle can therefore be performed easily and reliably.

Abstract: Previously in a bus system, voltage signals were transmitted from the central unit to the modules, which could reply thereto by variation of the current input. A disadvantage thereby is the relatively high susceptibility to interference of the current input, which itself already must be kept relatively small due to the energy consumption, as well as the correspondingly high effort and expense for an error-free recognition of the signals transmitted from the modules in the central unit. It is now suggested, that the modules also answer to the central unit by means of voltage signals superposed on the direct supply voltage, whereby for the time duration of the signal transmission by the modules, the central unit provides the direct supply voltage to the bus line over a resistor, so that the voltage signal of the module can be detected in the central unit on the bus line on the side of the resistor facing away from the direct supply voltage.

Abstract: According to the disclosed embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method of supplying electrical power to a series of upright computer blades mounted side-by-side in a closely spaced configuration, including extending an elongated power distribution unit transversely to the upright blades, and electrically interconnecting the upright blades with a series of electrical connectors arranged side-by-side on one side of the distribution unit. In one embodiment of the invention, a second series of electrical connectors are arranged side-by-side on the opposite side of the body of the power distribution unit.

Abstract: A fuse arrangement for use in a vehicle is provided having a configuration wherein a common bus terminal connected to a voltage supply is connected to terminals of one or more axial fuses. The other fuse terminals are, in turn, connected to a wiring harness that is located on an opposite side of the fuse box from the common bus terminal in a base of a fuse box. Additionally, the present invention includes a fuse array including a planar substrate with fuses constructed on the substrate by film metallization. Furthermore, the invention includes a carrier strip used for packaging automotive fuses that is made of a flexible material capable of being rolled into a package for shipping to an end user. The invention also includes a mini fuse having reduced terminal spacing for use in vehicles with mixed voltage systems wherein the reduced terminal spacing fuse is used for a particular voltage.

Abstract: A power converter is disclosed, in which the sum of the length of that portion of a control signal line which is in opposite relation to an area of a main circuit wiring where a main circuit current flows and a plurality of tabular conductors are in superposed relation with each other, the length of that portion of the control signal line which is in opposite relation to an area of the main circuit wiring where the main circuit current does not flow and the length of that portion of the control signal line which is located outside an end of the main circuit wiring, is substantially equal to the total wiring length of the signal control line.

Abstract: The invention provides a modular distribution system having central distribution panel for receiving a plurality of services at an input and having a plurality of outputs each connected to an outlet at a remote location. A central region is provided in the central distribution panel having a plurality of module receiving connectors each having a first portion connected to the input and a second portion connected to one of the plurality of outlets. A plurality of modules are each separately connectable to a respective module receiving connector and configured to bridge a selected service from the first portion of the module receiving connector to the second portion of the module receiving connector.

Abstract: An arc discharge preventing device is electrically connected to at least two electronic devices, the arc discharge preventing device. The arc discharge preventing device includes an insulating main body, a first terminal, a second terminal, a low conductive member, and a conductive member. The first terminal is provided on the insulating main body, and electrically connected to a first electronic device. The second terminal is provided on the insulating main body, and electrically connected to a second electronic device. The low conductive member is provided on the insulating main body, and having a first resistance value. The low conductive member is electrically connected to the first and second terminals. The conductive member is detachably mounted on the insulating main body, and having a second resistance value lower than the first resistance value. The conductive member is electrically connected to the first and second terminals when the conductive member is attached to the insulating main body.

Abstract: The invention provides a “hybrid” high voltage multiphase distribution substation having one or more sets of busbars including at least one air-insulated set of busbars (10), the substation having feeders (A, B, C, D) for air-insulated lines (21, 22) placed in substantially parallel bays (11, 12) on either side of the set(s) of busbars (10) and including metal-clad breaking and switching modules each formed by metal cladding (2) containing, for each electrical phase passing through a module, breaking and disconnection systems connected to a phase conductor (6) in an insulating gas, an end disconnection system (4A, 4B) being placed at each of the two ends (13, 14) of a module, the substation being characterized in that the feeders are opposite in facing pairs, and in that two opposite feeders (A, B) are electrically interconnected for each electrical phase via a single module (1) when the break systems (3A, 3B, 3C) and the end disconnector systems (4A, 4B) of said module are closed, said end discon

Abstract: A system distributes power. The system includes a hub for providing a specific power criteria and a trunk for transferring power from the hub a power consuming device. A first branch, a second branch, and a third branch transfer power from the trunk. The system has a first condition wherein the first branch transfers power to a first pass-thru receptacle, a second pass thru receptacle, and a first sub-branch. The first sub-branch includes a first twig and a second twig. The second twig powers the power consuming device. The second branch, in the first condition, transfers power to a third pass-thru receptacle and a fourth non-pass-thru receptacle. The third branch, in the first condition, transfers power to a first switch and a fifth pass-thru receptacle. The first switch controls power to a second sub-branch. The system further has a second condition for modularly augmenting the first condition by adding a fourth branch, a fifth branch, and a sixth branch.

Abstract: Methods and devices for implementing repeaters in integrated circuit wire buses having a pre-determined wire pitch, such as a minimum wire pitch, are described. In one embodiment, a parameterized bus repeater circuit cell of variable length having a width of three times the wire pitch of the bus to be repeated is described. In another embodiment, a bus repeater circuit block having a plurality of individual bus repeater circuit cells is described. The embodiments of the present invention are readily adaptable to design implementations using computer-aided design tools to provide automated placement and array of the bus repeater circuit cells and bus repeater circuit blocks.

Abstract: A trigger switch module suitable for use with various household appliances and instruments is capable of generating a signal needed by a microcontroller via a human-machine interface, so that the trigger switch module has stable signal level output pins for a microprocessor or a logic gate to make judgment easily. The trigger switch module can be triggered to output a signal through a non-direct contact of the switch at low voltage and low power consumption. All components of the trigger switch module are enclosed in a top casing that is completely watertight and dustproof to ensure stable capacity of the switch. The trigger switch module combines the functions of conventional switches but eliminates drawbacks thereof. A touch panel made of plastics, metal, glass, ceramic or other insulating material may be provided with the top casing to ensure safe and durable use of the trigger switch module.

Abstract: A USB transmission line having switching function comprises a transmission line, a first connector, a second connector, and a circuit unit. The first and second connectors are USB connectors, and are connected at two ends of the transmission line. The circuit unit has switching function of unidirectional transmission and bi-directional transmission, and is disposed on the transmission line between the first and second connectors. The transmission line can thus flexibly select the unidirectional transmission function or the bi-directional transmission function according to practical necessity.

Abstract: A power strip having a plurality of grounded outlet receptacles includes a motion sensor circuit. The motion sensor circuit controls operation of the power strip, and hence, operation of all electronic components plugged into the power strip.

Abstract: The switching apparatus is intended to be used with a segment of an electric power line having several phase lines. Each of the phase lines has several conductors electrically insulated one from the other and connected in parallel. The conductors of each phase line are short-circuited among them at two extremities of the segment. The apparatus comprises pairs of switches connected in parallel, for selectively opening and closing the conductors of each phase line, a detecting device for detecting current operating conditions of the segment, and a controlling device for controlling the pairs of switches according to the current operating conditions of the segment. The present invention also relates to a switching method.

Abstract: A hot swappable system is described. It included software controlled hot swapping operations which provided a graceful booting or power-down of the system. In the even of force insertion or extraction of the system blades, a set of hardware features (such as using different pin lengths in the connectors and dampening resistor) prevents these types of operations from damaging the system hardware or affecting the operation states of other blades within the system.