Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for electrical energy storage. More specifically, the system comprises an energy storage retrofitted to an existing photovoltaic system. The present invention further relates to a method for control such a system for electrical energy storage.

Abstract: An electric power conversion apparatus includes: an electric power conversion circuit that allows a DC terminal to be connected to a DC power source via a DC bus line, and performs at least one of converting DC power of the DC power source into AC power to output, or converting AC power into DC power to output; a DC switch turned on when the electric power conversion circuit performs electric power conversion; an AC switch provided on a side of the AC terminal, and turned on when the electric power conversion circuit performs the electric power conversion; a DC voltmeter that measures a potential at a predetermined portion, on a side of the DC terminal; a ground connection portion that connects the DC bus line and ground potential; and a control circuit connected to the electric power conversion circuit, the DC switch, the AC switch, and the DC voltmeter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 1 kW-100 kW wind-resistant photovoltaic modules and structures that can be utilized as part of an infrastructure energy generation system or for a stand-alone photovoltaic installation. The wind-resistant photovoltaic modules are comprised of hollow structural enclosures formed by solar panels, walls, rigid panels or perforated panels configured to reduce wind loads on solar panels, enable heat dissipation produced by solar panels and to protect electrical circuits and switchgear for the solar panels. The photovoltaic modules are also configured to enable rainwater management.

Abstract: An energy management system and methods of using the same are disclosed. The energy management system is configured to distribute power plant tasks. Energy management system tasks are received at the energy management system. At least a portion of the received tasks are passed over a network from the energy management system to a power plant lead controller in a cluster of nodes, the cluster of nodes comprising electronic devices configured to control power plant equipment, the cluster of nodes comprising the power plant lead controller and a plurality of power plant follower controllers, the cluster of nodes configured to provide a plurality of combinations of redundancy to control power plant equipment. The power plant lead controller delegates, in real time, tasks to the plurality of power plant follower controllers. At least one of the cluster of nodes is configurable to be in hot standby mode.

Abstract: A wind power plant for providing electrical power to a utility grid is provided, the wind power plant including: at least one wind turbine having a wind turbine generator coupled to a wind turbine rotation shaft to which plural rotor blades are mounted, the wind turbine providing electric power at an output terminal; at least one power conversion system, each including: a plant motor electrically coupled and configured to receive the electric power from the output terminal of the at least one wind turbine and convert it into rotational power of a plant motor shaft; a plant generator mechanically coupled to the plant motor shaft and electrically coupleable to the electric utility grid.

Abstract: A power apparatus applied in a solid state transformer structure includes an AC-to-DC conversion unit, a first DC bus, and a plurality of bi-directional DC conversion units. First sides of the bi-directional DC conversion units are coupled to the first DC bus. Second sides of the bi-directional DC conversion units are configured to form at least one second DC bus, and the number of the at least one second DC bus is a bus number. The bi-directional DC conversion units receive a bus voltage of the first DC bus and convert the bus voltage into at least one DC voltage, or the bi-directional DC conversion units receive at least one external DC voltage and convert the at least one external DC voltage into the bus voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for power source selection control. Multiple power sources of a power supply unit are each connected to a high power load via a plurality of switching circuitries each comprising at least one pair of transistors connected in a common source configuration and positioned between a positive lead of a respective one of the power sources and the high power load. A controller detects presence of a current flow from at least one of the power sources and accordingly selects one of power sources and activates a respective one of the plurality of switching circuitries for conducting a current flow from the respective power source selected to the high power load.

Abstract: A dual power switching system includes a first STS, a second STS, an inductive device, and a controller. The first STS is electrically coupled to a main power source, and the second STS is electrically coupled to a backup power source. When detecting that the main power source is abnormal, the controller detects a residual magnetic flux of the inductive device and calculates a magnetic flux difference between the predicted magnetic flux and the residual magnetic flux. When determining that an absolute value of the magnetic flux difference is less than or equal to a magnetic flux deviation value, the controller determines whether the output power meets a forced commutation condition. When determining that the output power meets the forced commutation condition, the controller turns on the second STS so that the first STS is forcibly turned off by the backup power source through the second STS.

Abstract: Provided is a power distribution network. The power distribution network comprises a ring-formed power line and a plurality of power nodes connected to the ring-formed power line. In addition, the power distribution network includes a plurality of circuit protection units, wherein each of the circuit protection units is provided between one of the plurality of power nodes and the ring-formed power line or on the ring-formed power line between two adjacent power nodes. The present disclosure is defined by the accompanying claims and is not limited to the particulars of the embodiments of the above detailed description.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for supplying power to at least one power consuming device using a solar panel. The solar panel includes at least two solar modules, an output connector, and a cable. The at least two solar modules are connected via a first electrical harness in a first combination of parallel and/or series to provide a first output voltage and via a second electrical harness in a second combination of parallel and/or series to provide a second output voltage. The at least one power consuming device is preferably a rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus and a discharge method thereof are provided. A control unit detects a cross-voltage across two ends of an AC safety capacitor to generate a detection voltage, compares the detection voltage with a threshold voltage, counts the number of cycles of the detection voltage during a period when the detection voltage does not cross the threshold voltage according to a comparison result between the detection voltage and the threshold voltage, and performs a discharge operation when the number of cycles is greater than or equal to a predetermined value to discharge electric energy stored in the AC safety capacitor.

Abstract: A method of monitoring joint and contact conditions in an automatic transfer switch includes: collecting electrical signals at a plurality of measurement locations associated with a plurality of power sources and a load over a predetermined period, the electrical signals including voltages and load current; obtaining deltas between source voltages and corresponding load voltage measured at the measurement locations over the predetermined period; comparing the deltas with thresholds obtained during healthy condition; determining that the deltas fall outside of the thresholds; and in response to determining that the deltas fall outside of the threshold, transmitting an alert to a user, the alert indicating a detection of one or more failure modes at the measurement locations.

Abstract: The present application relates to relates to a power strip in a server cabinet that can accommodate a plurality of devices and distribute power to the accommodated devices. The power strip includes an inlet connectable to the first power source for receiving the first power, one or more first outputs, one or more second outputs, and an automatic transfer switch integrated into the power strip. The automatic transfer switch is provided with a first input and a second input. The one or more second outputs are connected to the inlet for receiving and outputting the first power. The first input of the automatic transfer switch is connected to the inlet for receiving the first power. The second input of the automatic transfer switch is connectable to a second power source for receiving a second power. The automatic transfer switch automatically switches between the first input and the second input to connect one of the first input and the second inputs to the one or more first outputs of the power strip.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a novel utility meter with an integrated backup power transfer system. In some embodiments, the system is capable of sensing and switching between multiple power sources. In some embodiments, the system is configured to supply power from multiple backup power sources in parallel. In some embodiments, the system is configured to record and/or transmit data usage and operational profiles, such as voltage and current from one or more power sources. In some embodiments, the system is configured to eliminate the need to install separate junction boxes or panels to meet the wire requirements of various municipalities.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a versatile UPS. The versatile UPS is operative to provide power to a load and to an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers (i.e., an electricity grid, or simply, “a grid”). The versatile UPS has a plurality of switches providing for a multiplicity of switching states. The output to the load, the grid, or both is dependent, at least in part, on the switching states. Related systems, methods and apparatus is also described.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing energy consumption during a power-loss event provide a backup power unit that can notify electronic devices of a switch to backup power. The electronic devices can then automatically minimize power consumption upon receiving such notification. The notification can take the form of one or more signals indicative of a backup power operational state. The signals may be sent to the electronic devices over any suitable wired or wireless connection. Depending on the particular operational states, the electronic devices can take one or more predefined backup power handling actions, such as reducing device functionality, entering low-power mode, performing a controlled shutdown, and the like. The particular actions taken may depend on the type of devices, such that certain devices may have power consumption priority over other devices. The above arrangement provides an intelligent way to reduce overall energy consumption during a power-loss event.

Abstract: A light source module includes a circuit board, a plurality of point light sources fixed on both sides or one side of the circuit board, and a control circuit module configured for controlling ignition and extinction of the plurality of point light sources. The point light sources on each side of the circuit board are arranged in N parallel branches arranged from top to bottom. The point light sources on each parallel branch are arranged in an inverted V-shape, where N is a natural number less than or equal to 10. In the present disclosure, several parallel branches are configured to simulate different levels of a candle flame, and despite of a small number of point light sources required, a simple control circuit and a low cost, rich levels and changes in the flame are presented, and good simulation effect is achieved.

Abstract: A system and method for power pooling, the system including a shared power line, a plurality of backup power supplies connected to the shared power line through respective transformers and one or more controllers configured to, for each respective backup power supply, after passage of a different respective predetermined amount of time, determine whether a transformer connected to the backup power supply is energized. In response to the transformer being energized, the controllers synchronize the backup power supply with the transformer and then set a switch positioned between the backup power supply and the transformer to a fully closed state. In response to the transformer not being energized, the controllers transition the switch from a fully open state to the fully closed state according to an inrush current limiting scheme.

Abstract: A power path control management circuit includes a first power conduit including a first switching component connecting a first power input terminal to an output terminal, a second power conduit including a second switching component connecting a second power input terminal to the output terminal, and at least a power source controller communicatively connected to the first switching component and the second switching component and configured to detect a reverse current condition in the first power conduit and switch off the first switching component, and at least a parameter output component, the at least a parameter output component configured to output at least an electrical parameter from the circuit to an exterior meter, wherein the exterior meter is communicatively coupled to at least one of the first power source and the second power source.

Abstract: Electrical power distribution systems with a bypass unit that electrically engages one of two alternate units for powering a load while electrically isolating the other using a power transfer switch with first and second contactors and mechanical and electrical interlocks to allow a technician to access one of the alternate units when de-energized and in position while the other of the alternate units is energized and powering the load.

Abstract: Provided is an air conditioning system capable of detecting in advance a device that consumes more power than the power that can be fed by a power feed unit. An air conditioning system includes a refrigerant cycle, a power feed unit, and a controller. The refrigerant cycle includes an outdoor unit and a plurality of indoor units. In a case where a power source for at least one indoor unit of the plurality of indoor units has been interrupted, the power feed unit feeds power from an auxiliary power source to the indoor unit for which the power source has been interrupted. When a predetermined device has been connected to at least part of the plurality of indoor units and the power feed unit, the controller performs deactivation of at least one of functions of the device.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses include an automatic transfer switch including a source pole coupled with a power source, a first load pole coupled with a first load, a second load pole coupled with a second load, a first switch selectively coupling the first load pole to the source pole, and a second switch selectively coupling the second load pole to the source pole.

Abstract: An inspection system comprising (a) one or more sleds, each sled comprising (i) three or more rails running lengthwise and defining a diameter and a central axis of said each sled, (ii) first and second mounts, (iii) a nozzle comprising an interface configured for connection to a hose, and (iv) one or more jets configured for communicating fluid from said hose outward; (c) a camera module comprising (i) a housing, (ii) a camera having an optical axis, (iii) one or more lights; (iv) at least one battery, (v) memory operatively connected to said camera for recording images from said camera; and (vi) front and rear members for interengaging with said first and second mounts, respectively, such that at least one of said front or rear members urges against said first or second mounts to secure said camera module to said each sled such that said optical axis is essentially coincident with said central axis.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method of operating a power plant, comprising: obtaining an energy production forecast for a forecast period; generating a plurality of simulation results associated with simulated operation of the power plant for the forecast period, wherein the plurality of simulation results are generated by simulating operation of the power plant using a plurality of control algorithms; assigning a score to each of the plurality of control algorithms based on the generated plurality of simulation results; selecting a control algorithm from the plurality of control algorithms for the forecast period based on the assigned score for the control algorithm; and operating the power plant in accordance with the control algorithm for a duration of the forecast period.

Abstract: A controller includes a microcontroller and a control circuit. The control circuit includes circuitry structured to sense an alternating current (AC) from a current transformer coupled to the controller, convert the AC to direct current (rectified output DC), charge a capacitor to a first predetermined voltage level using the rectified output DC of the current transformer, and switch from a primary power supply for the microcontroller to a secondary power supply that includes the capacitor. The control circuit includes circuitry structured to cause the capacitor of the secondary power supply to provide power, at a second voltage level, to a clock coupled to the microcontroller.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems, and methods for operating a backup power source or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) that can be used in data centers and that provide a backup power source to power the data center when utility power is compromised. A power delivery system that provides power to a primary system may include a UPS with a state timing control system that operates a bypass static switch. The state timing control system can determine when to transition the primary system from the utility power supply to the backup UPS, based on the current AC voltage conditions. The state timing control system may perform modeling to emulate the intermediate DC voltage of an actual rectifier, and particularly emulate the holdup capacitor voltage. The emulated capacitor voltage can be obtained in real time by both an input power model based on RMS utility voltage and the actual rectifier output load.

Abstract: Techniques involve a hydraulic valve module having at least one hydraulic valve with a valve slide which can be adjusted by way of an electric actuator in order to supply hydraulic lines with hydraulic liquid by way of the hydraulic valve. The hydraulic valve module has a controller and an electric energy store. The controller and the electric energy store are set up to move the valve slide out of every possible valve slide position into a deactivation position by way of the electric actuator and energy which is stored in the electric energy store. This allows the safe operation of hydraulic valves without a restoring spring, wherein valves of this type and the actuators thereof can be of smaller and less expensive construction than in the case of conventional valves with a restoring spring.

Abstract: An electrical system operable to supply power from at least one of a primary power source or a standby power source to one or more electrical loads. The electrical system is configured to be provided between an electricity meter and a meter socket. The electrical system includes a housing, a plurality of contacts configured to be coupled with the meter, the meter socket, and a transfer switch. The transfer switch includes a first switch configured to selectively connect the primary power source to the one or more electrical loads, a second switch configured to selectively connect the standby power source to the one or more electrical loads, and an electrical control logic.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques that include managing flows of energy within a system that includes a data center and using at least some of the energy flows to provide power to the data center. In some examples, this disclosure describes a system comprising a power generation system, a battery storage system having a state of charge attribute, and processing circuitry having access to an electrical power grid, the power generation system, and the battery storage system. In one example, the processing circuitry is configured to: determine an energy utilization forecast for a data center; monitor energy availability factors; and determine, based on the energy utilization forecast and the monitored energy availability factors, an energy flow configuration defining energy flows involving with the electrical power grid, the power generation system, the battery storage system, and the data center.

Abstract: A system and method for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) includes a first converter assembly, a second converter assembly, a third converter assembly, a first controlled device configured for disconnecting at least two converters of the first converter assembly from and AC source, and a second controlled device configured for connecting at least two of the first converters together, and comprising the step of: opening the first controlled device and closing the second controlled device such that the first converter assembly transfers energy between split DC link halves to maintain voltage regulation of the DC link with respect to the midpoint reference.

Abstract: An electric device comprises first communicator circuitry and first electronic controller circuitry. The first communicator circuitry is configured to receive a signal from second communicator circuitry of a second electric device. The first electronic controller circuitry is configured to change a state of the first communicator circuitry from a first state to a second state based on a first output of a first sensor configured to sense a first sensor object. The first state has first power consumption. The second state has second power consumption. The first power consumption is lower than the second power consumption. The first electronic controller circuitry is configured to change the state of the first communicator circuitry from the second state to the first state based on a second output of a second sensor configured to sense a second sensor object different from the first sensor object.

Abstract: In the power source switching control system, a circuit breaker includes a controller and an on/off apparatus. The controller controls, based on a signal of a monitor, the on/off apparatus to adjust an on/off state of a power source connected to the circuit breaker, that is, adjust, from an on state to an off state based on a switch-off signal of the monitor, a working power source that is currently working, and adjust a backup power source from an off state to an on state based on a switch-on signal of the monitor, to implement a process of power source switching between the working power source and the backup power source.

Abstract: A power conversion system includes N power converters. Each power converter includes an input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal. Each of the N power converters receives a DC power through the input terminal. The first output terminal of a first power converter and the second output terminal of an N-th power converter are connected in parallel to form an N-th total output terminal. The first output terminal of an i-th power converter and the second output terminal of an (i?1)-th power converter are connected in parallel to form an (i?1)-th total output terminal. The two input terminals of the load are connected with two total output terminals of N total output terminals. A (2k?1)-th power converter is connected with a first power source. A 2k-th power converter is connected with a second power source. The redundancy of the power conversion system can be achieved.

Abstract: A fractal power converter and a method for constructing the fractal power converter, the method for constructing the fractal converter including: replacing a switch and/or an energy storage element of an asymmetric half-bridge sub-module with the same asymmetric half-bridge sub-module for at least two times, replacing a switch and/or an energy storage element of a symmetric half-bridge sub-module with the same symmetric half-bridge sub-module for at least two times, and replacing a switch and/or an energy storage element of an H-bridge sub-module with the same H-bridge sub-module for at least two times. Compared with a conventional high-voltage and large-current power converter, the fractal power converter may output any high-voltage and large-current waveform. The system is modularized, the structure is simple and extensible, and voltage and current may be evenly distributed among the modules. The control method is simple and easy to standardize. Multi-port parallel output is allowed.

Abstract: A PSU including a primary side, including: a buck capacitor; and a PFC in electrical communication with the buck capacitor; a secondary side, including: a super capacitor; and a converter in electrical communication with an output of the primary side and in electrical communication with the super capacitor, wherein in a first state, the PFC receives energy from a source of energy, and in response: provides the energy to i) charge the buck capacitor based on a SOC of the buck capacitor, ii) charge the super capacitor based on a second SOC of the super capacitor; and iii) an IHS coupled to the PSU, wherein in a second state, the PFC ceases to receive energy from the source of energy and in response: the buck capacitor discharges to provide energy to the IHS; after the buck capacitor is completely discharged, the super capacitor discharges to provide energy to the IHS.

Abstract: The present DC power supply and distribution system includes a plurality of distribution lines provided respectively corresponding to a plurality of loads, a first converter to convert an AC voltage from a commercial AC power source into a plurality of DC voltages and supply the DC voltages respectively to the distribution lines, a second converter to convert a DC power from a power generation and storage source into a plurality of DC powers and supply the DC powers respectively to the distribution lines, and a power controller to control the DC powers such that the efficiency of the first converter is increased, based on information related to the efficiency of the second converter.

Abstract: Described herein is a system for consuming, generating, storing, and delivering renewable, redundant, energy and providing backup energy storage and transmission to and from electrical load and method of using the same. The invention relates to a renewable energy consumption, generation, storage, and delivery systems and methods of using the same. A preferred embodiment of the present invention is related to use of the system to provide renewable, redundant, remote backup energy storage and transmission to a mission critical facility such as a data center or colocation facility.

Abstract: A power conversion system is coupled between a power grid and a load. The power conversion system includes a battery, a first converter, a second converter and a DC/DC converter. The first converter is configured to selectively convert an input power from the power grid into a first charging power when the power grid is operated normally. The second converter is configured to convert the input power from the power grid into an output power when the power grid is operated normally. The DC/DC converter is electrically connected between the battery and the second converter. The DC/DC converter is configured to convert a storage power in the battery into a backup power when the power grid is not operated normally.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a backup system. The configuration of the backup system in terms of number of load groups, power sources, and/or total power limit may be altered. An interface enclosure of the backup system may include a housing for electric circuitry, where the housing may be a clam-shell design including a base plate and a backup interface module. The base plate may comprise a frame, one or more detachable hinges, and/or two or more multi-terminals. The base plate may include a plurality of multi-terminals. The multi-terminals may be arranged to connect to one or more load groups, power sources, power devices, other multi-terminals, etc. Each load group that is connected to the multi-terminals may be disconnected from the utility grid and connected to the one or more sources of backup power in the case of a utility grid shutdown.

Abstract: An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) including an input configured to receive input AC power, a backup power input configured to receive backup DC power having a first voltage level from a backup power source, a converter configured to convert the input AC power from the input and the backup DC power from the backup power input into DC power having a second voltage level, the converter including an input selection circuit configured to selectively couple the converter to the input and the backup power input, an inductor, a first converter switch configured to couple a first end of the inductor to a neutral connection, and a second converter switch configured to couple a second end of the inductor to the backup power input via the input selection circuit.

Abstract: Various embodiments manage a fuel cell IT grid system to maintain fuel cell temperatures above a threshold temperature. The system may include power modules each including a fuel cell, DC/DC converters each connected to a power module, a DC power bus connected to the DC/DC, IT loads each connected to the DC power bus, a load balancing load connected to the DC power bus, and a control device connected to a first power module. The control device may determine whether a temperature of the first power module exceeds the temperature threshold, determine whether an electrical power output of the power modules exceeds an electrical power demand of the IT loads in response to the temperature exceeding the temperature threshold, and direct excess electrical power output to the load balancing load in response to the electrical power output exceeding the electrical power demand.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, detecting an interruption of a supply of operating power to a cell site of a cellular communication network, estimating an estimated time to restoration (ETR) of the supply of operating power to the cell site, wherein the estimating is based on information of an operator of the cellular communication network, determining, based in part on the ETR, to dispatch a portable generator to the cell site to provide a new supply of operating power to the cell site, and initiating a communication to dispatch the portable generator. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for employing thermoelectric generators for capturing otherwise lost thermal energy associated with operation of an electric vehicle.

Abstract: An electrical energy system includes a fuel cell, a high-voltage battery, a direct-current converter with electrical isolation arranged between the fuel cell and the high-voltage battery, and a mains charging device connected between the fuel cell and the direct-current converter, wherein the mains charging device contains a rectifier but no DC-to-DC converter with electrical isolation. A method for operating such an electrical energy system for a motor vehicle includes charging the high-voltage battery by using the rectifier to rectify a mains voltage and passing the rectified mains voltage on to the high-voltage battery via the direct-current converter arranged between the fuel cell and the high-voltage battery.

Abstract: There is provided a method, comprising simultaneously presenting in a GUI, a source code and an interactive graph of nodes connected by edges representing the source code mapped to physical configurable elements of computational cluster(s) of a processor each configurable to execute mathematical operations, each node represents operation(s) mapped to physical configurable elements, and edges represent dependencies between the operations, mapped to physical dependency links between the configurable elements, receiving, via the GUI, a user selection of a portion of the source code, determining node(s) and/or edge(s) of the interactive graph corresponding to the portion, and updating the GUI for visually distinguishing the node(s) and/or edge(s), wherein the visually distinguished node(s) represents a mapping to certain physical configurable elements and the visually distinguished edge(s) represents certain dependency links between the certain physical configurable elements of the processor configured to execute

Abstract: A terminal and a fast charging method to fast charge the terminal, where the method includes: sending, by the terminal, instruction information to a charger connected to the terminal in order to instruct the charger to adjust an output voltage and an output current; converting, by the terminal, the output voltage of the charger into 1/K times the output voltage; and converting the output current of the charger into K times the output current such that a charging circuit between two sides of a battery charges the battery with the 1/K times the output voltage and the K times the output current, where K is a conversion coefficient of a conversion circuit with a fixed conversion ratio in the terminal and is a constant value, and K is any real number greater than one.

Abstract: An interlock structure of a bypass transfer switching device is proposed. When supply power is bypassed through a bypass switch, the interlock structure may prevent manual switching on an automatic transfer switch, and allow the automatic transfer switch to be input into a switchboard when power input directions of the bypass switch and the automatic transfer switch match with each other. The interlock structure includes: the automatic transfer switch having a lever input portion for manual switching of a normal supply and an alternative supply; the bypass switch configured to bypass electric power of the normal supply or the alternative supply supplied to a load side through the automatic transfer switch; and an interlock device configured to automatically close the lever input portion when the bypass lever is operated.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure provides a bus bar as a winding in a core of a transformer includes multiple sub-bars arranged horizontally and connected in parallel so as to minimize an AC current in the transformer, and the sub-bars have different widths and thus resistances or impedances with respect to a current flowing through the sub-bars are the same. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of designing a bus bar for resistance or impedance matching between multiple sub-bars included in the bus bar to share a current to minimize an AC current in the transformer. Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a transformer, for a DC-DC converter for use in a vehicle, which is manufactured by the method of designing a bus bar.

Abstract: A power supply system includes a power converter, a load state detector, and a controller. The power converter converts AC power received from the main power source into DC power with a voltage in accordance with a distribution voltage command value Vref and supplies the DC power to the load. The load state detector detects an operating state of the load. The controller operates in an operation mode selected from among a plurality of operation modes and generates the distribution voltage command value Vref. The operation modes include a distribution voltage control mode in which the distribution voltage command value Vref is generated based on load operating information detected by the load state detector and a distribution voltage fixed mode in which a predetermined setting value or an external command value acquired from an external device is set as the distribution voltage command value Vref.

Abstract: A hybrid circuit breaker for interrupting a current in an electrical circuit line, the hybrid circuit breaker includes an input terminal for connection to a power line and an output terminal for connection to a DC system, a first solid state switching device connected to the input terminal, and a mechanical isolator relay arranged in series with the first solid state switching device and connected to the output terminal. The hybrid circuit breaker further includes a crowbar circuit electrically connected between the output terminal and ground or mid-pole, and a controller for controlling the first solid state switching device, the mechanical isolator relay and the crowbar circuit.