Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to start converter into a pre-biased voltage. The disclosed methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture provide an apparatus comprising: an error amplifier including a feedback network and a differential difference amplifier (DDA), the DDA coupled to a power converter, a voltage generator, and the feedback network coupled to the third input of the DDA, the fourth input of the DDA, and the output of the DDA; a multiplexer coupled to the voltage generator, the second input of the DDA, and the first input of the DDA; a first switch coupled in parallel to the feedback network; a second switch coupled to a delay cell and an oscillator; and a trigger including an output, the trigger coupled to the voltage generator, the power converter, and the output of the trigger coupled to the multiplexer, first switch, and the second switch.

Abstract: A solar power generator includes a support, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on one side of the support, a solar cell module mounted to the support, and a plurality of second electrodes disposed on the opposite side of the support. The solar cell module is electrically connected to a pair of the first electrodes via a transmission line for module connection. Three pairs of the second electrodes are electrically connected one-to-one to three pairs of the first electrodes via a transmission line for passage of current. Three of the second electrodes are electrically connected to one of the first electrode via the transmission line for passage of current.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses include a circuit structured to: identify a first source object, a second source object, and a load bus object; determine locations of the first source object, the second source object, and the load bus object on a one-line topology; receive operational parameters of the first source object, the second source object, and the load bus object; define, using the one-line topology, a first route including objects electrically connected between the first source object and the load bus object; define, using the one-line topology, a second route including all objects electrically connected between the second source object and the load bus object; and control operation of the first route and the second route.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a power system that includes a set of power devices and addressing lines. The set of power devices are electrically connected to a main power source, a standby power source and a server node. The addressing lines are electrically connected to the set of power devices, so that the set of power devices can correspond to a plurality of different addressing signals respectively. The set of power devices are switched at different times based on the different addressing signals, so that one of the main power source or the standby power source supplies power to the server node though the set of power devices.

Abstract: This application discloses a photovoltaic direct-current breaking apparatus, including a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal for connecting a photovoltaic string and a photovoltaic energy converter, a first diode, a first switch, a convector circuit, and an energy absorption circuit, where the first switch, the convector circuit, and the energy absorption circuit are connected in parallel. The convector circuit can effectively avoid arc discharge and ablation generated when the first switch cuts off a direct-current circuit between the photovoltaic string and the photovoltaic energy converter. The first diode can effectively bypass energy stored by an energy storage device in the photovoltaic energy converter, helping reduce required specifications of a semiconductor device in the convector circuit. The energy absorption circuit can also effectively reduce required specifications of the semiconductor device and a varistor.

Abstract: A power conveyor circuit for an energy harvesting system includes an input port configured to be electrically coupled to a sensor to receive an input signal from the sensor at an input power level and an output port configured to 5 be electrically coupled to a load. A switch mode power path circuit is coupled to the input port and the output port to receive the input signal from the sensor received at the input port and to provide an output signal to the output port at an output power level equal to the input power level times a transfer efficiency. A method of making the power conveyor circuit and an energy harvesting system including the power conveyor circuit are also disclosed.

Abstract: A power delivery system for data center. Servers are divided into server clusters, and each server cluster is served by multiple power source with multiple inputs from a power supply module. Each power supply module includes a local bus and a local controller which controls connections on the local bus to deliver utility power to its assigned server cluster or backup power to any of the server clusters. Each of the power supply modules has a battery storage system with switchable connections to the local bus and to an inter-system bus, and a PV system with switchable connections to the local bus and to an inter-system bus. The battery storage system may be charged from the utility power or the PV system. The inter-system bus is connected to all of the server clusters, such that power flowing in the inter-system bus can be delivered and dispatched to power any server cluster.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring and optimizing utilization of batteries for electric vehicles are described. Data of battery usage of electric vehicles are monitored using battery monitoring sensors at the electric vehicles for a plurality of users who share use of electric vehicles. Battery usage metrics are determined for the batteries of the electric vehicles based on the data of battery usage and determining user impact metrics based on measured quantities relating to driving of the electric vehicles for the plurality of users, the user impact metrics being indicative of degrees of driving severity placed on the vehicles associated with use habits of particular users.

Abstract: Onboard engine control for vehicles is disclosed herein. An example method includes determining a moving average of duty cycle periods for a power component of a vehicle for recent power load events, each of the duty cycle periods having both on-time portions and off-time portions; and when the on-time portions of the moving average are above a predetermined percentage, an engine of the vehicle remains in an on-state condition, further wherein when a current off-time period of the power component exceeds a value equal to a predetermined multiplier applied to the off-time portions, the engine is placed in an off-state condition.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide for a circuit comprising a switch coupled between a first node and a second node, a first transistor having a gate terminal, a drain terminal coupled to the second node, and a source terminal coupled to a ground terminal, a logic gate having a first input, a second input coupled to a third node, and an output coupled to the gate terminal of the first transistor, and a comparator having a first input coupled to the second node, a second input coupled to a fourth node, and an output coupled to the first input of the logic gate.

Abstract: Pulsed power loads (PPLs) are highly non-linear and can cause significant stability and power quality issues in an electrical microgrid. According to the present invention, many of these issues can be mitigated by an Energy Storage System (ESS) that offsets the PPL. The ESS can maintain a constant bus voltage and decouple the generation sources from the PPL. For example, the ESS specifications can be obtained with an ideal, band-limited hybrid battery and flywheel system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power supply switching circuit comprising: a first switch pair configured to selectively connect a first power supply node to an output node; a second switch pair configured to selectively connect a second power supply node to the output node; and a switch control circuit configured to: respectively control first and second switches of the first switch pair by a first control signal and a second control signal; respectively control first and second switches of the second switch pair by a third control signal and a fourth control signal; and selectively connect one of the first power supply node or the second power supply node to the output node by at least one of (a) the first and second control signals or (b) the third and fourth control signals. At least one of the second control signal or the fourth control signal is powered via the output node.

Abstract: A battery case is operable with an electronic device such as a cellular telephone. The battery case has a battery that can be used to supply power to the electronic device. The battery case is configured to receive power from a power supply that is coupled to a mains power supply using a wired path or to receive power from a wireless charging mat or other wireless power transmitting device. Circuitry in the battery case may include direct-current-to-direct-current power converter circuitry, current sensor circuitry, switching circuitry, and other circuitry for controlling currents and voltages in the battery case and communicating with other electronic devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display apparatus and a method of controlling the same, the display apparatus including: a display, a first connector connectable to a first power source, a second connector connectable to a second power source, a first converter configured to convert power supplied from the first power source, a second converter configured to supply operation power to the display based on power converted by the first converter or power supplied from the second power source, and a selector configured to connect the first connector and the first converter or the second connector and the second converter based on a power connection state of the first connector and the second connector.

Abstract: A predictive power control system includes a battery configured to store and discharge electric power, a battery power inverter configured to control an amount of the electric power stored or discharged from the battery, and a controller. The controller is configured to predict a power output of a photovoltaic field and use the predicted power output of the photovoltaic field to determine a setpoint for the battery power inverter.

Abstract: An industrial truck including a battery and a battery management system connected to the battery and powered by the battery. The battery includes a plurality of battery stacks each having battery cells connected in series with each other, characterized by a control unit adapted to selectively connect one or more of the battery stacks to the battery management system or to disconnect it from the battery management system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are related to a system, a method, and a non-transitory computer readable medium for operating an energy plant having a plurality of subplants that operate to produce one or more resources consumed by a building based on ranks. In one aspect, the system obtains rank identifiers indicating ranks of the plurality of subplants. In one aspect, the ranks indicate a priority of each subplant with respect to production of a resource relative to other subplants that produce the resource. In one aspect, the system determines resource allocation of the plurality of subplants according to the ranks of the plurality of subplants. The system may operate the plurality of subplants according to the resource allocation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an array substrate and a method for manufacturing the same. The array substrate includes a substrate having first regions for forming pixels and second regions located between the first regions, light shielding portions located within portions of the second regions adjacent to the first regions on the substrate, and pixel defining portions located within the second regions. At least a side surface of the light shielding portion adjacent to the first region is not covered by the pixel defining portion.

Abstract: A supply module includes an electrical control input and an electrical supply input as well as an electrical control output and an electrical supply output, as well as a control line arranged between the control input and the control output, which is designed for the transmission of control information, wherein at least one supply line group is assigned to the electrical supply input, which group includes a supply feed line and a supply outlet line, which are each extended between the electrical supply input and the electrical supply output, and which includes a switching module which is coupled to the control line and which has a feed switch arranged in the supply feed line, wherein a consumer output is formed for an electrical supply of an external consumer and is connected via an output feed line to the supply feed line and via an output drain line to the supply outlet line, the output feed line being connected between feed switch and the electrical supply output.

Abstract: A load controller according to an embodiment includes a switching unit, a power source unit, and a control unit. The switching unit controls supply of power from an AC power supply to a load by selectively connecting or disconnecting the load to/from the AC power supply. The power source unit converts AC power supplied from the AC power supply into DC power. The control unit operates with the DC power supplied from the power source unit and controls the switching unit. The power source unit includes a constant-voltage source and a constant-current source. The constant-voltage source keeps a DC voltage to be output to the control unit a constant voltage. The constant-current source keeps a DC current to be supplied via the constant-voltage source to the control unit a constant current.

Abstract: A power distribution unit (PDU) for use with an electrically powered accessory is disclosed. The PDU includes at least one power input configured to receive electrical power from an electrical supply equipment and/or a second power source. The PDU also includes an accessory power interface configured to provide power to the electrically powered accessory. The PDU further includes a vehicle power interface configured to provide power to a vehicle electrical system of the vehicle. Also the PDU includes at least one switch configured to selectively connect the at least one power input to a power bus, and selectively connect the power bus to at least one of the accessory power interface and the vehicle power interface. The PDU also includes a controller configured to control the at least one switch to provide power to the electrically powered accessory and/or the vehicle electrical storage device of the vehicle electrical system.

Abstract: A power converter as provided includes: a control circuit configured to receive a first electric energy supplied to the control circuit from an energy storage device, receive a second electric energy supplied to the control circuit from a power grid equipment, and be powered on with a third electric energy which is the first electric energy or the second electric energy, and output a control signal; and a power conversion circuit configured to receive the control signal and perform power conversion between the energy storage device and the power grid equipment according to the control signal.

Abstract: In accordance with presently disclosed embodiments, a hybrid power conversion system and method are provided. The hybrid power conversion system integrates multiple power sources. An isolated DC/DC converter manages power transfer between the power sources and the DC/DC converter and the power sources are connected such that a full power rating converter is not required. One of the power sources may comprise one or more battery strings, which may be selectively coupled to a DC/AC inverter. In one embodiment, the battery strings may be connected to a lead acid battery. Based on controller instructions, the isolated DC/DC converter replaces the power flow of the lead acid battery with the battery strings. In another embodiment, one or more battery strings may be selectively connected in series with a photovoltaic (PV) panel providing power to a load. When connected to the load, each of the battery strings may provide an incremental step up in power, boosting PV panel power.

Abstract: In a management server, a first acquirer acquires contract information regarding electricity supply between an electricity supplier and a manager of the installation place of an electric outlet supplied with electricity from the electricity supplier. A second acquirer acquires charge result information of a user's vehicle charged up with electricity supplied through the electric outlet. A deriver derives an amount of payment to the manager based on the contract information acquired at the first acquirer and the charge result information acquired at the second acquirer.

Abstract: A method relating to pricing under a contractual service agreement between a customer and a service provider, where the service provider provides maintenance services on a generating unit for a fee. An output of the generating unit is produced by a generator to which the generating unit is operably connected. The method comprising: determining a usage period for the generating unit; monitoring the output of the generating unit during the usage period and, therefrom, designating an output level for the generating unit for the usage period; calculating the fee for the usage period pursuant to a variable pricing plan, the variable pricing plan comprising a price for calculating the fee that varies depending on the designated output level of generating unit for the usage period; and billing the calculated fee to the customer.

Abstract: It is described a control system for a microgrid for the production and distribution of electric power coming from multiple electric power sources of the intermittent and/or random and/or programmable and/or accumulation-system type, said microgrid control system being organized with a hierarchical control structure on two levels, comprising a first control level for power conversion systems (PCS) of electric power coming from said multiple electric power sources, a second control level for a microgrid controller (MC) adapted to cooperate with said first control level, said second control level being adapted to control electric power to be supplied to a distribution network (on-grid condition) and/or to be supplied as the primary generation to power up isolated loads (off-grid condition) and/or to control intelligent distributed electric power accumulation systems (ACC), said second control level for the microgrid controller (MC) comprising: a monitoring system (MON), adapted to interface with physical si

Abstract: A PV module, which includes PV+ and PV? output ports. An output capacitor Cout is connected to PV+ or PV? port through an electric switch. One end of a power inductor L1 is connected to OUT?, and the other end is grounded. The power inductor L1 is connected with a resonant capacitor C1 and an impedance resistor R2 in parallel. One end of a blocking capacitor C2 is used as the PLC+ port, one end of a blocking capacitor C3 is used as the PLC? port, and signal sources are connected to OUT+ and OUT? in parallel and send “Keep Alive” signals based on SunSpec communication protocol. PLC+ port and PLC? port are connected to a signal coupling input port of a control IC, and the control IC controls the electric switch. When the signal is decoded and extracted, the electric switch will remain on, otherwise it will be off.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system with an inverter, at least one solar panel for providing electrical power, and electrical wiring for coupling electrical power from the at least one solar panel to the inverter. Also included is a transmitter for transmitting a messaging protocol along the electrical wiring, where the protocol includes a multibit wireline signal. Also included is circuitry for selectively connecting the electrical power from the at least one solar panel along the electrical wiring to the inverter in response to the messaging protocol.

Abstract: Provided herein are semiconductor dies including multiple controllers for operating over an extended temperature range. In certain embodiments, a semiconductor die includes multiple circuit modules, a temperature sensor that generates a detected temperature signal, an interface that communicates with an external host, a primary controller coupled to the interface and operable to control the circuit modules, and a secondary controller coupled to the interface. In response to the detected temperature signal indicating that the temperature of the semiconductor die exceeds a threshold temperature, the primary controller enables the secondary controller, which in turn disables the primary controller and at least a portion of the plurality of circuit modules to reduce heat dissipation.

Abstract: A charging station for charging electrical vehicles and comprising battery pack(s). The battery pack(s) comprise(s) batteries coupled in series and a control unit for controlling the batteries individually. Each battery (1) comprises battery cell(s) with a battery inlet line and a battery outlet line, an electrical circuit element arranged to lead from the battery inlet line to the battery outlet line to form an electrical path leading around the battery cell, and one switch. The switch is arranged in the battery outlet line or the battery inlet line and is switchable between first and second positions. The control unit is connected to the switch of each battery and is adapted for controlling the switch to switch between the first position, in which an electrical power is lead through the battery cell, and the second position, in which the electrical power is lead through the electrical circuit element.

Abstract: A DC collection system for a PV power plant contains a large number of feeders. When a fault occurs, the fault current rapidly increases, causing electronic devices to block to protect themselves. This blockage presents a challenge to the protection of the DC collection system because of extremely short data windows. To address this challenge, a protection method based on active control of DC/DC converters is disclosed. The fault current control principle is analyzed and derived so that DC/DC converters can provide an injected low-amplitude and controllable post-fault stable current signal. The disclosed protection method is designed based on identifying the direction of the injected signal. Simulation results indicate that the fault section can be accurately identified and that the disclosed protection method performs efficiently against transition resistance and noise.

Abstract: A main power load signal and a main voltage reference signal correlated to a main power signal. A sub power load signal and a sub voltage reference signal correlated to a sub power signal. A reference voltage is provided and a boost voltage is determined according to a control signal. The main voltage reference signal and the sub voltage reference signal are compared, and when the first comparison result complies with a predetermined condition, a difference between the main voltage reference signal and the sub voltage reference signal is obtained to be further compared with the reference voltage. Then the control signal is determined. The main power load signal and the sub power load signal are compared, and then one of the sub voltage reference signal and the boost voltage is selected as a power source voltage of the sub power control circuit or the load sharing control circuit to generate an adjustment signal for determining current and voltage of the sub power signal.

Abstract: Power conversion systems and an associated control methods are disclosed. The system includes a plurality of converters connected in parallel on an AC side, each converter includes an AC side for being coupled to a power grid, a DC side for being coupled to a DC source, and a first terminal and a second terminal on said DC side. The outputs on the AC side of all the converters are connected to a common output point, the first terminals of the different converters of the system being grounded, and the second terminals of said converters being independent to one another. Each source is therefore adapted and configured to work independently of the rest of the sources.

Abstract: A power transmission circuitry transmits power wirelessly to a plurality of power reception circuitry simultaneously. The power transmission circuitry includes, a communication circuit that wirelessly receives information on receiving power of the plurality of power reception circuitry, and a transmitting power control circuit that controls transmitting power based on the information on receiving power of the plurality of power reception circuitry received by the communication circuit.

Abstract: An electric power supply system of an electrical vehicle includes a first battery, a battery controller managing the first battery, a second battery supplying second power having a voltage lower than a voltage of the first power, and a control electric power supply management device including a joining line that is able to draw a current from each of a first and a second power supply lines. The control electric power supply management device transmits, depending on a magnitude in voltage level between first and second voltages, one of the first and second powers to the battery controller from one of the first and second power supply lines via the joining line. The first and second voltages are respectively applied to the joining line from the first and second power supply lines when the currents are to be drawn from the first and second power supply lines, respectively.

Abstract: A power-input stage (102) for a DC-powered device (100), the power-input stage including at least four pairs of power-input elements (104) for connecting to four pairs of external electrical conductors (106) for delivering DC power, and a powering-mode assessment unit (108) having a balance measurement stage (110) that is configured to perform a balance measurement for determining whether or not a first number of pairs of power-input elements, at which a positive power-supply voltage is available from the external electrical conductors, is equal to a second number of pairs of power-input elements, from which a negative power-supply voltage is available, and to provide a balance output signal indicative of a result of the balance measurement.

Abstract: A UPS system may include a DC UPS having first DC outputs coupled to a first switch and configured to provide a battery DC power signal or a first DC power signal to corresponding first loads, first load controllers each coupled between respective ones of the first DC outputs and the first switch, and a controller coupled to the first switch and a second switch, and the first load controllers. The controller may be configured to switch between a first mode where the first DC power signal is supplied to the first load controllers, and a second mode where the battery DC power signal is supplied to the first load controllers. The UPS system may include a cloud application server in communication with the DC UPS and configured to cause the controller to disable and enable the first load controllers.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to start converter into a pre-biased voltage. The disclosed methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture provide an apparatus comprising: an error amplifier including a feedback network and a differential difference amplifier (DDA), the DDA coupled to a power converter, a voltage generator, and the feedback network coupled to the third input of the DDA, the fourth input of the DDA, and the output of the DDA; a multiplexer coupled to the voltage generator, the second input of the DDA, and the first input of the DDA; a first switch coupled in parallel to the feedback network; a second switch coupled to a delay cell and an oscillator; and a trigger including an output, the trigger coupled to the voltage generator, the power converter, and the output of the trigger coupled to the multiplexer, first switch, and the second switch.

Abstract: A DC collection system for a PV power plant contains a large number of feeders. When a fault occurs, the fault current rapidly increases, causing electronic devices to block to protect themselves. This blockage presents a challenge to the protection of the DC collection system because of extremely short data windows. To address this challenge, a protection method based on active control of DC/DC converters is disclosed. The fault current control principle is analyzed and derived so that DC/DC converters can provide an injected low-amplitude and controllable post-fault stable current signal. The disclosed protection method is designed based on identifying the direction of the injected signal. Simulation results indicate that the fault section can be accurately identified and that the disclosed protection method performs efficiently against transition resistance and noise.

Abstract: A device includes a connection unit, a load unit, a voltage detection unit, and a determination unit. The connection unit is connected to a power supply apparatus. The load unit operates as a constant power load. The voltage detection unit detects a first output voltage of the power supply apparatus when the load unit operates in a first operation mode, and detects a second output voltage of the power supply apparatus when the load unit operates in a second operation mode. The determination unit determines a type or an output capacity of the power supply apparatus, based on the detected first output voltage and the detected second output voltage.

Abstract: A power generation abnormality detection method includes operating a power converter to controllably operate a solar cell module at a plurality of predetermined voltage points to obtain a plurality of measured currents, utilizing the predetermined voltage points and measured currents to calculate a plurality of first power data, comparing the plurality of first power data with a first PV curve, or operating the power converter to controllably operate the solar cell module at a plurality of predetermined current points to obtain a plurality of measured voltages, utilizing the predetermined current points and measured voltages to calculate a plurality of second power data, and comparing the plurality of second power data with a second PV curve.

Abstract: A power switching circuit receives a first power, a second power and a switching signal, and generates an output power. The power switching circuit includes a first power path and a second power path. The first power path is connected with the first power. The second power path is connected with the second power. When the switching signal in a logic high level, the first power path is in a conducting state and the second power path is in a non-conducting state. Consequently, the first power is selected as the output power by the power switching circuit. When the switching signal in a logic low level, the first power path is in the non-conducting state and the second power path is in the conducting state. Consequently, the second power is selected as the output power by the power switching circuit.

Abstract: Electrical power is dynamically managed a power source a load. A control switching system has a plurality of monitor nodes, a control switch having two switching states, and an electrical power storage cell connected to the power source in one of the switching states for storing voltage, and operative for discharging the stored voltage to the electrical load in the other of the switching states. A programmed controller dynamically monitors operating conditions at the monitor nodes during operation of the electrical load and the power source, and switches the control switch between the switching states in response to the monitored operating conditions for supplying a voltage of a desired waveform shape to the load.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include control methods employed in multiphase distributed energy storage systems that are located behind utility meters typically located at, but not limited to, medium and large commercial and industrial locations. These distributed energy storage systems can operate semi-autonomously, and can be configured to develop energy control solutions for an electric load location based on various data inputs and communicate these energy control solutions to the distributed energy storage systems. In some embodiments, one or more distributed energy storage systems may be used to absorb and/or deliver power to the electric grid in an effort to provide assistance to or correct for power transmission and distribution problems found on the electric grid outside of an electric load location. In some cases, two or more distributed energy storage systems are used to form a controlled and coordinated response to the problems seen on the electric grid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a solution for supplying power to a processor. In some embodiments, there is provided a method for supplying power to a processor. The method comprises, in response to determining that an output voltage of a main power supply supplying power to a processor is lower than a predefined threshold, enabling an additional power supply to supply power to the processor. The method further comprises determining output power of the additional power supply. In addition, the method further comprises, in response to determining that the output power of the additional power supply exceeds peak power limit of the additional power supply, sending, by the additional power supply, a signal to the processor to lower a clock frequency of the processor.

Abstract: A power delivery control module includes a first interface, a second interface and a controller. The first interface is configured to be coupled with a first external device. The second interface is configured to be coupled with a second external device. The second interface is a USB Type-C interface, and the first interface is not a USB Type-C interface. The controller is coupled with the first interface and the second interface. Wherein when the first interface is coupled with the first external device and the second interface is coupled with the second external device, the power delivery control module selectively transfers power from the first external device to the second external device or from the second external device to the first external device.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for radio frequency front-ends are provided. In certain configurations, a radio frequency front-end includes ultrahigh band (UHB) transmit and receive modules employed for both transmission and reception of UHB signals via at least two primary antennas and at least two diversity antennas, thereby supporting both 4×4 receive MIMO and 4×4 transmit MIMO with respect to one or more UHB frequency bands, such as Band 42, Band 43, and/or Band 48. The radio frequency front-end can operate with carrier aggregation using one or more UHB carrier frequencies to provide flexibility in widening bandwidth for uplink and/or downlink communications.

Abstract: A multi-mode circuit has a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch. A current sampling circuit applied to the buck-boost has a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit and a current processing circuit. The first sampling circuit generates a first sampling current by sampling the current flowing through the first switch, the second sampling circuit generates a second sampling current by sampling the current flowing through the second switch, and the current processing circuit generates a third sampling current based on the first sampling current and the second sampling current. An average value of the third sampling current of one cycle represents the output current of the multi-mode circuit.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present application provides a voltage conversion device configured to convert an inputted alternating voltage into a direct voltage or current, the voltage conversion device including at least a first voltage connector and a second voltage connector, where the alternating voltage is fed to the voltage conversion device via either the first voltage connector or the second voltage connector, the voltage conversion device further including: an electromagnetic filter unit; a conversion unit; a determination unit configured to determine which one of the first voltage connector and the second voltage connector is used to feed the alternating voltage into the voltage conversion device; a control unit controlling the conversion unit based on a determination result of the determination unit such that the direct voltage or current outputted by the conversion unit corresponds to the determination result, wherein the determination unit is electrically connected the first voltage connector and the se

Abstract: Unique systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of a power grid control system. One exemplary embodiment is a nested microgrid system comprising a first microgrid including a network controller, a second microgrid, a third microgrid, a first restoration path selectively coupled between the second portion of the first microgrid and the second microgrid, and a second restoration path selectively coupled between the second portion of the first microgrid and the third microgrid. The network controller is configured isolate the first portion of the first microgrid from the second portion of the first microgrid, calculate weighting factors for the first and second restoration paths, select the first restoration path using the first weighting factor and the second weighting factor, and couple the second portion of the first microgrid to the second microgrid using the first restoration path.