Abstract: A method for at least locally increasing the plasticity of a metal workpiece, which contains in particular an aluminum alloy, wherein the workpiece is irradiated in order to increase its temperature, and an associated production device, is provided. In order to be able to more quickly and thoroughly heat specific regions of a metal workpiece than other regions in a targeted manner, wherein it is possible to heat these regions more quickly and thoroughly with the same radiation output, while the surface of the workpiece remains largely unaffected, it is proposed that an absorbent be applied at least locally to the workpiece prior to irradiation thereof, wherein the degree of absorption of the absorbent for the radiation is greater than the degree of absorption of the workpiece for the radiation.

Abstract: A field emission panel is provided. The field emission panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate, a sealing member and a plurality of spaces which are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of concave portions which are formed on a surface of the first substrate, a plurality of cathode electrodes which are disposed within each of the plurality of concave portions, a plurality of field emission materials which are disposed on each of the cathode electrodes, a plurality of gate electrodes which are fixed to areas of the surface of the first substrate which separate the concave portions of the first substrate with a gap therebetween, a light emission unit which is disposed on the second substrate, and a charging prevention resistance unit which is disposed on the first substrate, on a gap between a pair of gate electrodes.

Abstract: A field emission panel is provided. The field emission panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate, a sealing member and a plurality of spaces which are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a plurality of concave portions which are formed on a surface of the first substrate, a plurality of cathode electrodes which are disposed within each of the plurality of concave portions, a plurality of field emission materials which are disposed on each of the cathode electrodes, a plurality of gate electrodes which are fixed to areas of the surface of the first substrate which separate the concave portions of the first substrate with a gap therebetween, a light emission unit which is disposed on the second substrate, and a charging prevention resistance unit which is disposed on the first substrate, on a gap between a pair of gate electrodes.

Abstract: A logical operation element and logical operation circuit are provided that are capable of high speed and a high degree of integration. A logical operation circuit has a construction wherein, in a logical operation element, the anodes of first and second field emission type microfabricated electron emitters are put at the same potential and two or more signal voltages are input to gate electrodes corresponding to these emitters. A NOR element so arranged that when a high potential input signal is input to either of the two lines, electron emission occurs from the emitters and the potential of said anodes is lowered, and a NAND element wherein the cathodes of the first and second field emission type microfabricated electron emitters are connected in series, two signal voltages are applied to the gate electrodes corresponding to the first and second emitter and the anode potential of the second emitter is lowered when the two input signals are high potential are employed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image display device in which it is possible to obtain an image display of high brightness and high contrast by preventing the halation which may be generated in a peripheral portion of a display image. By providing a carbon film which attenuates the reentry of secondary electrons, which are generated when electron beams impinge on an anodes, to a back surface of the anode, even when primary electrons impinge on the anode, the secondary electrons are hardly emitted from the anode. At the same time, a trace amount of emitted secondary electrons are mainly formed of electrons having a small energy. Hence, these emitted secondary electrons are scattered and hardly reenter the anode.

Abstract: A near infrared screening film which consists of a biaxially oriented film made from a polyester containing a near infrared light absorber having a weight reduction start temperature of at least 280° C. and which has a haze value of 5% or less and a total transmittance for visible lights having a wavelength of 400 to 650 nm of 40% or more and which is exemplified by having optical properties at visible and near infrared ranges which satisfy the following expressions (1) to (4): 1<T(850)<20??(1) 1<T(950)<20??(2) ?10<T(620)?T(540)<10??(3) ?10<T(450)?T(540)<10??(4) wherein T(450), T(540), T(620), T(850) and T(950) are light transmittances at wavelengths of 450 nm, 540 nm, 620 nm, 850 nm and 950 nm, respectively.

Abstract: A surface treatment and method for applying the surface treatment to electrical components are provided that include a coating of yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG), which is applied to the inner surface of the component by sputtering.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to radiological image intensifier tubes comprising a vacuum electron tube and a luminescent observation screen comprising means to improve the contrast of the image. These means consist of a layer of aluminium with a thickness of at least 1 micrometer, partially absorbent for the incident electrons, placed in the path of the electrons generated by the tube and in the vicinity of the layer of luminophores. The deposited layer has the effect of reducing, firstly, the quantity of electrons re-emitted from the observation screen to the tube and, secondly, the proportion of these electrons that return to strike the layer of luminophores. Application to radiological type image intensifier tubes.

Abstract: An image display element comprising a vacuum exterior container including a face plate and a back housing. A cathode is located within the vacuum exterior container. A control electrode controls electron beams projected from the cathode and a fluorescent layer generates light by projecting the electron beams, and a metal back layer provided on the fluorescent layer projects the light of fluorescent layer forward by the effect of specular gloss. A carbon layer is provided on the metal back layer to reduce the generation of backwardly scattered light. The metal back layer and carbon layer are provided by releasing from a supporter having mold release characteristics. The thickness of the metal back layer is determined in relation to the predetermined supply voltage such that the energy transmission factor of the reflected and dispersed electrons on the image display element is less than 30%.

Abstract: This invention relates to a magnetron for generating a microwave, in which an upper end shield and a lower end shield for supporting respectively top end and bottom end of a filament, which is a cathode portion, are included, the upper end shield being made in a flange shape having a flat portion of a diameter bigger than an outer diameter of the filament, and a getter for absorbing a generating gas within a vacuum bulb body is mounted on top surface of the upper end shield, and the getter includes a flat portion mounted to the flat portion of the upper end shield and an inclined portion extended downwardly from the end edge of the flat portion so that the electrons generated from the cathode collides and is absorbed.

Abstract: An image pickup tube is provided with the third electrode to control the potential of the region which is not scanned by an electron beam in the image pickup tube target section including a target electrode and a photo-conductive film. A method for operating this image pickup tube is also disclosed. Thus, undesired image phenomena which are generated when the image pickup tube is used with a relatively high target voltage, e.g., image distortion, shading, a waterfall phenomenon and image inversion phenomenon can be suppressed, thereby realizing a high sensitivity image pickup tube.

Abstract: A color CRT assembly comprises a tube having an external magnetic deflection yoke thereon. The tube includes an evacuated envelope with a substantially rectangular faceplate panel and a tubular neck connected by a funnel having a rectangular open end sealed to the faceplate panel. A three color phosphor screen is carried on an inner surface of the faceplate panel and a color selection electrode is mounted in spaced relation therefrom. An electronic gun is disposed within the neck of the tube for generating and directing at least one electron beam to the screen. The magnetic deflection yoke is located on the tube, in the region of the funnel-to-neck junction of the envelope, for subjecting the beam to magnetic fields which cause the beam to scan a rectangular raster over the screen. The assembly is improved by the inclusion, in the funnel, of a quantity of glass which attenuates x-radiation from the tube. The quantity of glass is disposed adjacent to the yoke, on the faceplate side thereof.

Abstract: An image pick-up tube and a method of fabricating an image pick-up tube and a target section used therewith, in which the target includes at least a conductive film and a photoconductive film on a substrate for photo-electric conversion, and a signal from the target section is read by an electron beam scanning system. At least a part of the surface area outside the effective scanning region of the electron beam scanning side of the target section is formed of a secondary electron emission dampening layer.

Abstract: Metal parts of an image intensifier tube which are exposed to a high voltage are coated with a layer of aluminum phosphate glass in order to preclude local discharge phenomena; the aluminum phosphate glass can be deposited in a thin, uniform layer already at a comparatively low flow temperature. Because the layer is thin, it is not necessary to take into account differences in coefficients of expansion, so that a high degree of freedom is achieved as regards the choice of materials for the metal parts.

Abstract: A reversible short circuit device in the form of a metal loop. The metal loop has a first base side which forms a first contact. Extending from the base side are second and third generally parallel sides. The second side includes a contact portion for engagement with an external object to provide an electrical connection therewith. The second and their sides are connected by a frangible fourth connection side. One of the second and third sides is subject to a recoiling force, which, when the connection side is interrupted or broken displaces the contact portion of the second side so as to reverse the short circuit. The short circuit device has particular application to photoelectric tubes to provide a means for interconnection of the tube components during manufacture, which may subsequently be reliably disconnected.

Abstract: In order to reduce contrast degradation in an electrostatically scanned flat cathode ray tube having a channel plate electron multiplier due to back-scattered electrons entering channels remote from their origin, steps are taken to restrict the acceptance angle of the channel plate electron multiplier. In one arrangement means are provided on the input surface to restrict the angle of entry to a range normally associated with the addressing electron beam. In another arrangement the ready emission of secondary electrons is restricted to a predetermined arcuate portion of the input of each channel of the electron multiplier. In either arrangement stray electrons are unable to impinge upon the secondary emitting material in the channels and in consequence produce many fewer back-scattered electrons.

Abstract: In an electron tube sealing structure, a cylindrical insulator is metallized to produce metallized layers on both end surfaces, and sealing metal members are soldered to the metallized layers correspondingly, so that a vacuum chamber is provided in the interior of the cylindrical insulator. The cylindrical insulator is provided with at least one salient portion at an inner end thereof. The salient portion is parallel to a direction of an electric field produced by a voltage applied across the sealing metal members, and shields one of the metallized layers which is positioned on the side of a negative electrode in regard to the vacuum chamber, so that the emission of electrons is avoided from the corresponding metallized layer to prevent a creeping discharge from being induced on the inner surface of the cylindrical insulator.

Abstract: A flat cathode ray display tube has an envelope divided into front and rear portions by a partition carrying frame deflection electrodes with an electron gun (30) and line scanning deflector positioned in the rear portion, the electron beam being directed initially parallel to a flat faceplate of the envelope, turned through 180.degree. by a reversing lens into the front portion and then deflected by electrodes towards a screen on the faceplate. In addition to the electrodes, other components are also mounted on the partition forming a sub-assembly whereby correct mutual positioning is ensured and assembly facilitated. A spacing structure accurately spaces the sub-assembly from the faceplate and supports also an electron multiplier for beam current amplication.

Abstract: A microwave power source for a microwave oven in which a microwave magnetron is supplied simultaneously with filament heater power and with anode voltage through an inductive reactance power supply and has end shields with peripheral depressions to suppress end shield secondary emission oscillations during warm-up of the filament which can rapidly collapse to produce rapid shutoff of anode current and, consequently, undesirably high voltage spikes across the magnetron.

Abstract: A synchronous scan streaking device comprising a photoelectric layer, an electronic lens, an anode with an aperture, a pair of deflection electrodes, and a phosphor layer arranged in order within a vacuum envelope. A deflection voltage at the same frequency as the repetition rate of the light pulses incident on the phosphor layer to be measured is fed from deflection voltage generation means to the deflection electrodes so as to repetitively generate an enhanced image of the incident light on the phosphor layer. At least one shielding metal structure which is connected to the common potential source is arranged in the space between the deflection electrode plate and the wall of the envelope, and surrounding a deflection electrode plate lead provided to connect the deflection electrode plate through the envelope to the deflection voltage generation means.

Abstract: The photosensitivity of a photomultiplier dynode to white light or infrared radiation is greatly reduced by coating the dynode with a layer of an alkali halide material having good secondary electron emission characteristics. A method of applying the coating to the dynode is also described.

Abstract: An image pick-up tube has a photoelectric conversion target including a transparent substrate, and a transparent electrode and a photoconductive layer formed on the transparent substrate. An electron beam is scanned on the photoelectric conversion target. A first electrode is formed on a beam scanning surface of the photoconductive layer so as to be segmented in stripe or grid with its electrode segments electrically connected to each other. A second electrode is formed on the first electrode through an insulating layer with its electrode segments electrically connected to each other. An insulating layer may be interposed between the first electrode and the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: A very thin layer of highly textured carbon is applied to a copper surface by a triode sputtering process. A carbon target 10 and a copper substrate 12 are simultaneously exposed to an argon plasma 14 in a vacuum chamber.The resulting carbon surface is characterized by a dense, random array of needle-like spires or peaks which extend perpendicularly from the copper surface. The coated copper is especially useful for electrode plates in multistage depressed collectors.

Abstract: In an RF/microwave component such as a resonator, multipacting is eliminated in accordance with the present invention by rectifying a portion of the RF signal present within the component to derive a dc potential. This dc potential is used to bias the component so as to the prevent polarity reversal across the component electrodes, thereby to eliminate multipacting without the use of an external bias supply.

Abstract: The image contrast in an image display tube having a channel plate electron multiplier (2) is improved by preventing secondary electrons emitted from the face of an input dynode (26) from straying to channels located at a relatively large distance from their origin. This is done by disposing a grid (24) at a short distance from the input dynode (26). If the grid (24) is held at a positive voltage relative to the input dynode (26), stray secondary electrons will be attracted toward the grid (24). Alternatively, if the grid (24) is held at a negative voltage relative to that of the input dynode (26), the secondary electrons will be induced to enter channels close to their origin.

Abstract: Photocathode of SbK.sub.2 Cs destined for any electro-optical tube.Photocathode (11) comprising a layer (12) of potassium and caesium antimonide SbK.sub.2 Cs deposited on the substrate (13), also comprising a sub-layer (14) of manganese oxide, intermediate between the said substrate (13) and the said layer (12) of SbK.sub.2 Cs, the said sub-layer (14) of MnO improving in the red the spectral sensitivity of the layer (12) of SbK.sub.2 Cs.Application notably for photomultiplier tubes used in nuclear physics.

Abstract: A specially textured surface of pyrolytic graphite exhibits extremely low yields of secondary electrons and reduced numbers of reflected primary electrons after impingement of high energy primary electrons. Electrode plates of this material are used in multistage depressed collectors.An ion flux having an energy between 500 eV and 1000 eV and a current density between 1.0 mA/cm.sup.2 and 6.0 mA/cm.sup.2 produces surface roughening or texturing which is in the form of needles or spires.Such textured surfaces are especially useful as anode collector plates in high efficiency electron tube devices.

Abstract: A specially textured surface of pyrolytic graphite exhibits extremely low yields of secondary electrons and reduced numbers of reflected primary electrons after impingement of high energy primary electrons.An ion flux having an energy between 500 eV and 1000 eV and a current density between 1.0 mA/cm.sup.2 and 6.0 mA/cm.sup.2 produces surface roughening or texturing which is in the form of needles or spines.Such textured surfaces are especially useful as anode collector plates in high efficiency electron tube devices.

Abstract: An electron discharge device includes an evacuated envelope having therein a photocathode, an anode and an electron multiplier. The electron multiplier comprises a plurality of dynodes having a nickel substrate, an exposed surface of which has a base layer of antimony sensitized with the vapors of a plurality of alkali metals. At least one Nichrome dynode, substantially devoid of secondary emissive material is disposed adjacent to the anode. The Nichrome dynode reduces and stabilizes the anode sensitivity and gain of the device.

Abstract: In rotating anode X-ray tubes it has not been the practice to provide anode cooling because of problems in arranging coolant flow. A further problem which has arisen, particularly in tubes for computerized tomography which should have precisely defined focal spots, is off-focus radiation apparently resulting from back scattered electrons hitting the tube target away from the focal spot. It is here proposed to provide a rotating anode X-ray tube with a shroud surrounding and close to at least part of the anode. This is extended towards the electron gun with an aperture through which the electron beam travels and an X-ray emissive window. The shroud collects back scattered electrons and can also be fluid cooled. The window provides some collimation and the edges can be shaped to restrict the focal spot as viewed away from the main X-ray beam.

Abstract: Secondary electrons emitted from an electron-collecting electrode of a vacuum tube degrade the performance. Emission of high-speed secondaries is reduced by coating the electron-collecting surface with a material of low atomic number. Emission of low-speed secondaries is a less predictable function of the surface material and structure. The invention comprises a coating of aluminum boride or similar substance, which has low secondary emission and is also easy to outgas.

Abstract: In a magnetron comprising a cathode electrode, an anode electrode surrounding the cathode electrode and end shields mounted on the opposite ends of the cathode electrode, the inner surfaces of one or both end shields are provided with thin layers of a powder of tungsten, molybdenum, or alloys thereof.

Abstract: A charged particle collecting body forming part of an electrode comprises a three dimensional network defining a multiplicity of interconnecting free cells.The dimensions of the cells are selected to permit a major portion of charged particles incident thereon to penetrate a number of free cells before impinging on a strut of the three-dimensional network.