Abstract: A projector lamp comprising a single ended metal halide discharge lamp in a generally spherical reflector has been found to exhibit turbulence when running. The resulting fluctuation of light especially when used in conjunction with the reflector to concentrate the light for studio or theatre applications provides an apparent movement which is extremely disturbing to the eye. It has been found the turbulent movement of gas around the electrodes in the lamp envelope can be regularised by the application of a magnetic field to the envelope. The turbulence is sensitive to conditions within the discharge arc tube and the strength and position of the magnetic field has to be variable to cater for this. The magnetic field is conveniently applied by an electro-magnet using lamp current.

Abstract: For cooling the faceplate of a high-energy cathode ray tube in an in-line television projection system, a cooling cell (5) constructed as a separate entity is interposed between the CRT faceplate (2) and the transmission lens (3) which is arranged in front of and in line with the cathode ray (1). The cooling cell comprises two flexible transparent diaphragms (6 and 7) which are connected at their peripheries to form an enclosure (8) for containing a cooling liquid and which are arranged in contact with the front surface 2a of the CRT faceplate and the rear surface (4) of the lens. The cooling cell has an inlet (11) and an outlet (12) through which circulating liquid enters and leaves the cell.

Abstract: A linear beam tube has multiple heat pipes formed integrally in the cavity wall between the beam collector and external air cooling fins. The heat pipes use sintered copper pellets on the walls of the pipes as wicks to facilitate the return flow of liquid condensed at the fins. Circumferential channels connect the heat pipes at each end to reduce vapor lock effects. Vapor surface area enhancement rods are used at the heat source to increase the transfer rates of heat into the fluid.

Abstract: A plasma switch includes means to introduce a cloud of particulate AII.sub.3 or AlCl.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 is to a conductive gas discharge. The chemicals undergo a plasma reaction and generate SiI.sub.4 or SiCl.sub.4 both of which are efficient electron absorbers which rapidly extinguish the gas discharge.

Abstract: A closed loop forced liquid cooling system has provision for continuously separating dissolved gas from the cooling liquid. A gas separator is combined with a liquid-gas interface pressurizer to establish favorable temperature and/or low pressure conditions for preferential gas evolution. By preventing bubble formation in liquids cooling electronic and electrical equipment, dielectric breakdown of the cooling liquid is averted.

Abstract: A closed loop forced liquid cooling system has provision for continuously separating dissolved gas from the cooling liquid. A gas separator is combined with a liquid-gas interface pressurizer to establish favorable temperature and/or low pressure conditions for preferential gas evolution. By preventing bubble formation in liquids cooling electronic and electrical equipment, dielectric breakdown of the cooling liquid is averted.