Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting element package, one embodiment comprising: a substrate; a light-emitting element disposed on the substrate; and a molded part surrounding the side surfaces and the top surface of the light-emitting element and having patterns on a surface from which the light incident thereto from the light-emitting element is output, wherein a part of the patterns correspond to a first area corresponding to the light-emitting element, and to a second area around the first area and are arranged at an angular range of 120 to 130 degrees on the surface of the molded part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-emitting device package including; a body having a cavity formed therein, a light source mounted in the cavity, a resin layer which fills the cavity and is transmissive, and at least one optical sheet provided on the resin layer, wherein the optical sheet includes a first layer, and a second layer which is provided on the first layer and has a plurality of linear prisms, wherein the first layer has a first refractive index and the resin layer has a second refractive index, and wherein the first refractive index is equal to or greater than the second refractive index. Accordingly, the light-emitting device package may have improved luminous efficacy, enable uniform distribution of emitted light, and prevent degradation of a phosphor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas discharge lamp with a gas discharge tube having a cylindrical discharge region and having two electrodes which are arranged at an outer side of the gas discharge tube. To achieve an improved gas discharge tube having external electrodes with an increased lifetime it is proposed that each electrode has a planar disc shaped holding section which each have a respective opening and in that the cylindrical discharge region is received in the openings in a shape matched manner, wherein the cylinder axis of the cylindrical discharge region lies perpendicular to the planar holding sections.

Abstract: A lamp device includes a lamp, a socket, two magnetic electrodes, and two electrode boxes. The lamp comprises a bulb portion, a stem portion, and two magnetic contacts. The socket has a receptacle portion configured to accept the lamp. The two magnetic electrodes are disposed in the receptacle portion. Each of the two electrode boxes encloses each of the two magnetic electrodes. The magnetic electrode is free to move in the electrode box, and the magnetic electrode makes an electrical contact all the time. The lamp device may further comprise a guiding groove and an insulating wall. The guiding groove may be provided on a bottom surface of the lamp between the two magnetic contacts.

Abstract: In an actuator including at least one active electrode disposed in an electrolyte and comprising at least two webs of an electrically conductive material with a plurality of geometrically anisotropic nanoparticles disposed thereon and oriented uni-directionally in a preferential direction with an electrically conductive connection between the nanoparticles and the webs and a potential difference with respect to ground can be applied to the active electrode by a voltage or current source, the nanoparticles are connected in each case to two webs and the connections are material-interlocking.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device comprising a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region is combined with a ceramic layer which is disposed in a path of light emitted by the light emitting layer. The ceramic layer is composed of or includes a wavelength converting material such as a phosphor. Luminescent ceramic layers according to embodiments of the invention may be more robust and less sensitive to temperature than prior art phosphor layers. In addition, luminescent ceramics may exhibit less scattering and may therefore increase the conversion efficiency over prior art phosphor layers.

Abstract: Light emitting elements are mounted on substrates to produce a plurality of light emitting element units and a plurality of cover members are manufactured. Each of the cover members includes phosphor particles and pigment particles. Wavelength and luminance of light emitted from the light emitting element of each of the light emitting element units is measured. The measured wavelengths and luminances of lights emitted from the light emitting elements are classified into ranks. The wavelengths of lights emitted from the phosphor particles are classified into ranks and the mixing ratios of pigments are classified. Ranks of the light emitting elements and ranks of the cover members are classified into groups in accordance with desired characteristic. A light emitting element and a cover member belonging to same group are mounted in a case.

Abstract: A wide angle flash tube reflector has dual involute surfaces thereon intersecting at a cusp and bent in the horizontal to intercept light from a light source adjacent the cusp and to reflect such light in a dispersion pattern that spreads the flash coverage to match extended light coverages of lenses from a normal focal length to extreme wide angle. One light source is in the form of a bent tube having adjustably positioned cathode and anode electrodes for varying the length of a plasma arc to control the extent of the dispersion pattern reflected from the dual involute surfaces.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of preventing cathode damage when switching on an electron gun having a field emission cathode assembly including a cathode, a first electrode and a ground electrode. During normal operation of the electron gun, an extraction voltage is applied across the cathode and the first electrode and an accelerating voltage is applied across the cathode and the ground electrode. A direct galvanic connection is established between the cathode and the first electrode prior to normal operation of the electron gun. During a burn-in period, only the accelerating voltage is applied. This accelerating voltage may include an overvoltage of up to twenty percent. Then the galvanic connection between the cathode and the first electrode is interrupted and the extraction voltage is applied. An arrangement for carrying out the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: Improvements on a DC plasma jet generator for emission spectrochemical analysis wherein two anode blocks and one cathode block are positioned in an inverted Y shape, and each of the anode blocks has a cylinder, a piston, an an anode received by a recess in the end of the piston. Each anode can be secured in the recess at the end of the piston in the corresponding anode block by magnetic force. Each of the anode and cathode blocks is pivotable so that the associated electrode attached to each block can be fixed upright with the free end thereof directed upward. This means that the electrodes can be replaced easily as well as speedily by remote control using manipulators.

Abstract: A low cost multimegavolt high current switch that can effectively switch tages in the megavolts range and currents in the order of 200 thousand amperes. Switching is accomplished by the movement of a conductive member from a first electrically isolated position to a second electrically isolated position. During movement along a guided path the conductive member passes through an arc gap, initiating an arc or plasma in the gap to accomplish the switching action. Movement of the conductive member from one position to the other may be accomplished by gravity, pressure, electromotive drive, or other propelling means.

Abstract: An X-ray tube including an envelope enclosing a flat-edged anode disc rotatable and axially reciprocable and further enclosing an electron beam source for projecting electrons along a beam axis toward the edge of the anode disc. The beam source is disposed to direct its beam at an acute angle of incidence to the edge of the anode disc and produce X-rays which are transmitted through a window in the envelope.

Abstract: X-ray tubes with a magnetic bearing either have the disadvantage that the anode must be at earth potential, so that an asymmetric high-voltage supply is required or that -- in the case of a symmetric high voltage -- a relatively wide air gap is necessary which requires a high driving force and a bearing which has a certain amount of drawbacks. The invention provides an insulator between the anode which is at the high-voltage potential and the rotor which is at the earth potential, so that the air-gap between the rotor and stator can be relatively small and an effective magnetic bearing is possible.

Abstract: A rotary anode X-ray tube wherein the anode carries the high voltage during operation; to achieve shorter acceleration times of the rotor, an insulator is provided between the rotor and the anode disc so that only a minimum air gap is required between the rotor and the stator.

Abstract: The heat-transfer capability of a movable-electrode gas-filled arc lamp is optimized. In the preferred embodiment, the movable electrode is the anode which is mounted at the base of the lamp coaxialy with and spaced apart from the cathode. Low-voltage starting of the lamp is provided by solenoid means for moving the anode briefly into contact with the cathode and then withdrawing the anode from contact with the cathode so that a difference of electrical potential develops between the cathode and the anode, which is sufficient to ionize the gas in the gap formed therebetween. The arc thereby generated in the gap follows the withdrawing anode to its fully spaced-apart position with respect to the cathode. A heat sink member is disposed within the gas-filled envelope at the base of the lamp, and a metal collar is affixed to and surrounds the movable anode. The collar provides thermally conductive contact with the heat sink member when the anode is in its fully spaced-apart position with respect to the cathode.

Abstract: In a gas-filled lamp an arc is initiated by withdrawal of a stinger electrode from contact with a stationary cathode, with subsequent transfer of the arc to the gap between the cathode and a stationary anode. The anode is cylindrical; and the stinger is elongate and is movably mounted within and electrically insulated from the anode. The cathode is elongate, having a long axis parallel to but spaced apart from the long axis of the stinger. The stinger contacts the cathode at other than the tip of the cathode, thereby precluding continual impacting of the stinger on the cathode tip with concomitant blunting of the cathode tip during the use cycle of the lamp. A magnetic core is affixed to the stinger, whereby the stinger can be moved by the energization of a solenoid. The magnetic core is apertured to provide a dashpot effect to damp the motion of the stinger.