Abstract: The invention relates to a gas filled lamp and to a method of operating the same, the gas filled lamp including a tube filled with a gas or combination of gases, the tube comprising an anode; and a cathode spaced apart from the anode wherein an electric field can be applied across the anode and the cathode so as to cause an electron to move from the cathode to the anode. The gas filled lamp further includes magnetising means to provide a magnetic field across the tube, the direction of the magnetic field being substantially perpendicular to the direction of the electric field, wherein the ratio between the electric and magnetic fields is substantially predetermined depending upon the gas or combination of gases within the tube.

Abstract: A plasma lamp apparatus includes a post structure with a material overlying a surface region of the post structure, which has a first end and a second end. The apparatus also has a helical coil structure configured along the post structure. The apparatus includes a bulb with a fill material capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation. A resonator coupling element configured to feed radio frequency energy to at least the helical coil causes the bulb device to emit electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrodeless high frequency gas discharge lamp according to the induction principle that, as a result of its design and construction, shows particularly low electromagnetic interference with a simultaneous increase in light efficiency. The gas discharge lamp according to the invention owes these advantageous properties on the one hand to the high coupling factor between the discharge current and the exciting current and, on the other hand, to the essentially homogeneous field conditions in the discharge vessel, which has been achieved by designing the discharge vessel to take the form of a hollow cylindrical ring which is seated directly over the exciter winding that extends over the entire length of the discharge vessel on a fully-closed, highly-permeable ferrite core.

Abstract: In an electrodeless lamp, at least one core assembly is coupled to a tubular lamp envelope. The core assembly includes a lamp envelope protector disposed over an outer surface of the lamp envelope, and a core member surrounding the lamp envelope at a core mounting location such that lamp envelope protector is disposed between the core member and the lamp envelope. The core assembly further includes a coil bobbin coupled to the core member, and a coil wounded around the coil bobbin.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp assembly includes a tubular lamp envelope, at least one core having a closed-loop body disposed so as to surround a core mounting portion of the tubular lamp envelope. The core includes an indented coil winding section formed by an indentation formed in an inner side section of the closed-loop body adjacent to a centrally located opening. The electrodeless lamp assembly further includes an induction coil wound around the indented coil winding section of the core.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp has a bulb into which a discharge gas and a mercury, which is controlled at a temperature of a coldest spot are filled. A power coupler generates a high frequency electromagnetic field. A ferrule couples the bulb and the power coupler. The bulb is configured as a substantially spherical barrel formed of a transparent material and has an opening. A sealing member is welded to the opening of the barrel having a substantially cylindrical cavity. A protrusion, which becomes the coldest spot when the lamp is lit in a state that the ferrule is disposed upward, is formed at an apex of the bulb. A protruding portion is formed in a vicinity just above the ferrule of the bulb, that is, in a bulb neck portion, so that the bulb neck portion becomes the coldest spot when the lamp is lit in a state that the ferrule is disposed downward. Thereby, a constant optical output is obtained, regardless of a posture of installation of the electrodeless discharge lamp.

Abstract: An electrodeless or induction ceramic HID lamp includes a ceramic arc body having a generally spheroidal portion enclosing a discharge chamber and an induction coil received around a perimeter portion of the spheroidal portion. At least one leg extends from the spheroidal portion of the arc body. A mounting structure connects the arc body to the surrounding lamp assembly. In one arrangement, a mounting tube is received over at least a portion of the leg, and may further include a light transmissive shroud that also abuts with the induction coil to precisely locate the arc body relative to the coil. In another arrangement, first and second mounting members extend from spaced locations of the arc body, either as pins or legs extending from the spheroidal portion, or radially extending legs from an equatorial portion of the arc body.

Abstract: Life of a starting conductor or coil in an induction lamp is significantly improved with the present disclosure. A mechanical support supports the starting coil adjacent the arc body of the lamp and has features that allow the starting coil to mount thereon. The mechanical support may be made of a high temperature material such as glass, quartz, or ceramic so that light from the lamp is not blocked. In another embodiment, the starting conductor is protected from oxidation by fully encasing the starting conductor within the high temperature material. In still another embodiment, a thin coating of a high temperature material that may or may not be light transmissive could be used as an alternative manner of support.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing soft x-ray laser radiation. A low pressure plasma column is created by electric discharge or by laser excitation inside a rotating containment tube. Rotation of the plasma is induced by viscous drag caused by rotation of the tube, or by magnetically driven rotation of the plasma as it is created in a plasma gun in the presence of an axial magnetic field, or both. A high power electrical discharge is then passed axially through the rotating plasma column to produce a rapidly rising axial current, resulting in z-pinch compression of the rotating plasma column, with resultant stimulated emission of soft x-ray radiation in the axial direction. A rotating containment tube used in combination with magnetically driven rotation of the plasma column results in a concave electron density profile that results in reduced wall ablation and also reduced refraction losses of the soft x-rays.

Abstract: The electrodeless discharge lamp of the present invention comprises: a bulb 1 provided with a substantially-spherical spherical portion 1a and a neck portion 1b extending from the spherical portion; a base 15 connected to the neck portion; a protrusion 4 formed at an apex of the spherical portion; and an induction coil 11a that causes light emission by discharge developed in the bulb. When defining the relations B=W/(4×p×(D/20)2), S=p×(d/20)2, L=p×(d/10), X=(B×S)/(L×A), where W (W) denotes the lamp input power, D (mm) denotes the diameter of the spherical portion, d (mm) denotes the diameter of a portion at a joint surface between the neck portion and the base, and A (mm) denotes the distance from a largest-diameter portion of the spherical portion to the joint surface, then the electrodeless discharge lamp satisfies the formula below: t?6=10959×X+25=t+6 ??(Formula) where t is the temperature (° C.) at the tip of the protrusion 4 during downward stable lighting of the electrodeless discharge lamp.

Abstract: An electrode-less plasma lamps, comprising generally of a bulb containing a gas-fill that is excited to produce light using radio-frequency (RF) energy. In specific embodiments, the use of grounded coupling-elements with integrated bulb assemblies simplifies manufacturability, improves resonant frequency control, and enables the use of solid, partially filled, and hollow lamp bodies.

Abstract: An image display apparatus is provided with a vacuum chamber consisting of an electron source substrate and an image display substrate, and an ion pump which is attached to an electron-emitting substrate or the image display substrate and exhausts air from the vacuum chamber by the action of a magnet, wherein the magnet is attached and fixed to the substrate to which the ion pump has been attached. Thereby, the image display apparatus prevents the magnet from applying an excessive force to the ion pump by its weight, and acquires a stable structure without causing a vacuum leak.

Abstract: A high temperature operation type electrodeless bulb of a plasma lighting system includes: a luminous unit defining a space for enclosing luminous materials, and made of glass having selective permeability that transmits visible light generated from the luminous unit and reflects infrared rays to the interior; and a supporting unit extending from the luminous unit to have a particular length and supporting the luminous unit.

Abstract: A multi-directional dispenser cathode has a cathode body that supports a plurality of electron emitters which spanning open portions of the cathode body. Each electron emitter has an inward facing surface and an outward facing surface wherein the inward facing surfaces and an interior wall of the body define an interior volume that contains a heater. To selectively accelerate emitted electrons, an electrically distinct biasing electrode is in spaced relationship to the outward facing surface of each electron emitter and coupled to a biasing power supply effective to provide an intermittent positive voltage potential to the biasing electrode. The distinct biasing electrodes are provided with a positive voltage potential at different times thereby causing an intermittent burst of electrons. Among the applications for intermittent bursts of accelerated electrons are to generate radiation from a particle accelerator.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring apparatus includes a movable portion having a detecting electrode and a magnetic force receiver, a magnetic force generator, an electric field shield, and a detector for detecting an amount of an electric charge which is electrostatically induced on the detecting electrode. The electric field shield transmits a magnetic field generated by the magnetic force generator to make it arrive at the magnetic force receiver but shields the detecting electrode from an electric field generated by the magnetic force generator to interrupt arrival to the detecting electrode and not to substantially obstruct the detection by the detector.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for integrated circuit optical signal emitters. A method includes emitting an optical signal from a gas plasma that is RF inductively coupled to an integrated circuit including a gas plasma discharge device having an inductive coil. Emitting includes magnetically energizing the inductive coil with the integrated circuit to induce a discharge from the gas plasma.

Abstract: In certain example embodiments of this invention, there is provided an ion source including an anode and a cathode. In certain example embodiments, a multi-piece outer cathode is provided. The multi-piece outer cathode allows precision adjustments to be made, thereby permitting adjustment of the magnetic gap between the inner and outer cathodes. This allows improved performance to be realized, and/or prolonged operating life of certain components. This may also permit multiple types of gap adjustment to be performed with different sized outer cathode end pieces. In certain example embodiments, cathode fabrication costs may also be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a magnetic light, having a magnetic energy generator, and a light body having at least a through slot for penetrating the energy generator, the magnetic energy generator includes a pair of detachable magnetic members jointed together with a face to face manner for defining a magnetic air gap between two magnetic members, as a result, the magnetic field center could be accurately positioned, wherein one of the magnetic members is adapted to penetrate the through slot to be coupled with the remaining magnetic member. In short, such magnetic light has a simpler structure, and solid cost saving, and more importantly prone to be manufactured with an industrial scale.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp (10a), wherein the lamp comprises a closed-loop, tubular lamp envelope (13) with parallel cylindrical glass tubes (14a 16a) containing an arc generating and sustaining medium, means (20a) in the form of magnetic toroids for energizing the medium; and a reflector coating (22) associated with the envelope (13) and affixed thereto. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the reflector coating (22) is on the internal surface (24) of the envelope and comprises a layer of a reflective m, such as alumina. Alternatively, the reflective coating (22) can be applied to the external surface of the envelope.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp includes a bulbous lamp envelope enclosing an inert gas and a vaporizable metal fill, the lamp envelope having a reentrant cavity; an electromagnetic coupler positioned within the reentrant cavity; and a cold spot structure configured for low temperature, low duty cycle operation and for room temperature, 100% duty cycle operation. In some embodiments, the cold spot structure includes a dimple in the lamp envelope, the dimple having a thinned sidewall. In further embodiments, a shield is positioned near the dimple to control cold spot temperature. In additional embodiments, the cold spot structure includes a heat sink attached to the exhaust tube of the lamp envelope and thermally isolated from the lamp base.

Abstract: A closed drift ion source which includes a channel having an open end, a closed end, and an input port for an ionizable gas. A first magnetic pole is disposed on the open end of the channel and extends therefrom in a first direction. A second magnetic pole disposed on the open end of the channel and extends therefrom in a second direction, where the first direction is opposite to the second direction. The distal ends of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole define a gap comprising the opening in the first end. An anode is disposed within the channel. A primary magnetic field line is disposed between the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole, where that primary magnetic field line has a mirror field greater than 2.

Abstract: A bulb in an electrodeless lamp system comprises a bulb unit having an envelope space in which luminous material excited by an electric field to form plasma and generate light is filled and two or more conductors installed in the envelope space so that ends of the conductors face each other.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing light includes a chamber that has a plasma discharge region and that contains an ionizable medium. The apparatus also includes a magnetic core that surrounds a portion of the plasma discharge region. The apparatus also includes a pulse power system for providing at least one pulse of energy to the magnetic core for delivering power to a plasma formed in the plasma discharge region. The plasma has a localized high intensity zone.

Abstract: A resonator of an electrodeless lighting system includes a body part formed in a prescribed shape; a transmission space part formed at one side of the body part and having an antenna of an microwave generator therein; a multi-step type resonating space part formed to be opened at one side, having a section gradually widening toward the opened side, receiving the microwave radiated from the antenna by means of an microwave feeder and resonating the microwave; and a stub formed at a certain height at an inner wall of the multi-step type resonating space part. Since the reflector for reflecting light has the enlarged size and is varied in its form to increase the amount of reflected parallel light, an illumination performance is enhanced. In addition, the impedance matching of the microwave exciting the gas filled in the electrodeless bulb and the resonance frequency are controllable.

Abstract: An electrode-less fluorescent lamp and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The electrode-less fluorescent lamp includes a closed-loop tubular discharge tube enclosing a discharge gas. The tube is coated with a fluorescent layer on an inner surface and is made of a light-transmissive material. The lamp also includes at least one core surrounding at least a portion of the discharge tube. The lamp includes at least one coil wound around the at least one core. The coil supplies electromagnetic power to the discharge tube by producing a time-varying magnetic field in the core. In addition, the lamp includes a radio frequency (RF) power source supplying RF power to the coil so that discharge generated in the discharge tube is maintained by said RF power.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp includes an induction coil that includes a core and a winding wound around the core and generates an electromagnetic filed inside a bulb, an insert portion provided inside the core, and a plane portion that releases heat from the insert portion to the outside of a case. A tolerance in the inductance of the induction coil is reduced by spacing the end portion of the core on the side of the plane portion apart from the plane portion, which makes reliable start-up possible.

Abstract: For a plasma accelerator arrangement having a toroidal plasma chamber, a novel structure of the magnetic and/or electric fields is proposed which, in particular, permits multi-stage embodiments with substantially improved efficiency.

Abstract: A bulb for an electrodeless lamp comprises: an envelope through which the light can be permeated; a filled material filled in the envelope for emitting the light as being excited by high frequency energy; and buffer gas, wherein the buffer gas comprises first buffer gas, and second buffer gas having a partial pressure less than 1% of the partial pressure of the first buffer gas in order to reduce a discharging voltage and lighting time, and thereby, the re-lighting after putting out the light can be performed easily and the re-lighting time is reduced to improve the convenience of the user and the reliability of electrodeless lamp.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for integrated circuit optical signal emitters. A method includes emitting an optical signal from a gas plasma that is RF inductively coupled to an integrated circuit including a gas plasma discharge device having an inductive coil. Emitting includes magnetically energizing the inductive coil with the integrated circuit to induce a discharge from the gas plasma.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp includes an envelope (1) containing a fill of discharge gas, a magnetic core t(7), an induction coil (6) wound around the magnetic core (7), a driver circuit for supplying an electric current to the induction coil (6) to operate the electrodeless lamp, a socket (10) for receiving electrical power supplied to the electrodeless lamp, and a heat conduction means (8,9) thermally coupled to the magnetic core (7) for conducting heat generated in the magnetic core (7) to the ambient atmosphere to dissipate heat therein, or coupled to the socket (10) for conducting heat generated in the magnetic core (7) to the socket to dissipate heat therethrough.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp with a first coupling member includes a translucent discharge vessel in which a discharge gas is enclosed. A bobbin that includes a coil holding part for an induction coil and a vessel mounting part with a second coupling member is formed as a single piece. The coil holding part holds the induction coil on an outer surface thereof and is placed in proximity to the discharge vessel. The first and second coupling members are complementary and engage to mount the discharge vessel on the vessel mounting part of the bobbin to assure a long life and a positioning accuracy of the discharge vessel and the induction coil thereof.

Abstract: A plasma display panel having a helicon plasma source. First and second substrates are mounted substantially in parallel with a predetermined gap therebetween. A plurality of address electrodes are formed on a surface of the first substrate opposing the second substrate. A first dielectric layer is formed covering the address electrodes. A plurality of barrier ribs are formed on the first dielectric layer at a predetermined height, the barrier ribs defining discharge cells. A phosphor layer is formed in the discharge cells. A plurality of discharge sustain electrodes are formed on a surface of the second substrate opposing the first substrate. A second dielectric layer is formed on the second substrate covering the discharge sustain electrodes. Discharge gas injected into the discharge cells. Antenna and magnet assemblies are provided to increase a plasma density in the discharge cells.

Abstract: An inductively-coupled, electrodeless fluorescent lamp comprises a lamp body having two opposed sides; an induction coil on one side of said body; and a magnetically transparent electrostatic shield interposed between said induction coil and said one side of said body, said shield comprising an insulating substrate; an electrically conductive layer on said substrate including means for reducing capacitive coupling between a voltage on said induction coil and a plasma discharge within said lamp body, said electrically conductive layer having a thickness between 400 Å and 1000 Å, inclusive.

Abstract: A mercury-free metal halide lamp includes an arc tube including a pair of electrodes inside the tube. In the arc tube, a rare gas and a metal halide are contained, and no mercury is contained. The mercury-free metal halide lamp is horizontally operated such that the pair of electrodes is substantially horizontal. The mercury-free metal halide lamp further includes magnetic field applying means for applying a magnetic field including a component substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting heads of the pair of electrodes in a substantially vertical direction. The density of halogen atoms evaporated during steady-state operation with respect to unit inner volume of the arc tube is 20 &mgr;mol/cc or more.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp is disclosed. The electrodeless lamp according to the present invention is characterized in that SnI2 is used as a major component filled into a bulb as a filler, and the filler is excited by applying a microwave or high frequency to the bulb for thereby generating a visual ray for thereby obtaining a certain color temperature proper as a light source and implementing a faster light emission start-up at a lower cost without an additive.

Abstract: An electrodeless low pressure discharge lamp comprises an envelope made from a straight tube and a reentry cavity sealed to one of tube's ends. The cavity has several hollow ferrite cores separated from each other with a few mm distance. Each ferrite core has an induction coil of few turns wound around the core. Each cavity has a cooling copper tube or rod located inside the ferrite core that removes heat from the cores and dumps the heat into a heat sink welded to the cooling tube/rod thereby keep the temperature of the ferrite cores below their Curie point. Each induction coil is electrically connected to the matching network while all matching networks are connected in parallel to the high frequency power source (driver). Inductively coupled plasmas generated in the envelope by several core/coil assemblies produce axially uniform UV and visible radiation.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a compact electrodeless fluorescent lamp that includes a transparent envelope containing a fill of inert gas along with a vaporizable metal such as mercury. An induction coil is operated by a driver circuit, and is positioned inside of a reentrant cavity in the envelope with an adjacent permeable magnetic field manipulation structure having a shunting surface ending at a shunting surface periphery. A thermally and electrically conductive primary cooling structure is positioned adjacent the magnetic field manipulation structure to extend within the shunting surface periphery while being separated from the induction coil thereby. A further component cooling structure is provided to at least partially enclose the driver circuit connected to the induction coil.

Abstract: A discharge lamp includes means for containing a light emitting fill, the fill being capable of absorbing light at one wavelength and re-emitting the light at a different wavelength, the light emitted from the fill having a first spectral power distribution in the absence of reflection of light back into the fill; means for exciting the fill to cause the fill to emit light; and means for reflecting some of the light emitted by the fill back into the fill while allowing some light to exit, the exiting light having a second spectral power distribution with proportionately more light in the visible region as compared to the first spectral power distribution, wherein the light re-emitted by the fill is shifted in wavelength with respect to the absorbed light and the magnitude of the shift is in relation to an effective optical path length.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp includes a stationary bulb (10) containing a fill for producing a discharge, the fill has a primary radiating material which ordinarily produces an unstable discharge in the absence of bulb rotation. The fill further includes an alkali metal in an amount sufficient to stabilize the discharge without bulb rotation. The alkali metal may be, for example, cesium bromide. Preferably, the fill is excited by a non-stationary electric field (E, E1) such as, for example, a circular polarized electric field.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for thrusting plasma, utilizing a Hall thruster with a cylindrical geometry, wherein ions are accelerated in substantially the axial direction. The apparatus is suitable for operation at low power. It employs small size thruster components, including a ceramic channel, with the center pole piece of the conventional annular design thruster eliminated or greatly reduced. Efficient operation is accomplished through magnetic fields with a substantial radial component. The propellant gas is ionized at an optimal location in the thruster. A further improvement is accomplished by segmented electrodes, which produce localized voltage drops within the thruster at optimally prescribed locations. The apparatus differs from a conventional Hall thruster, which has an annular geometry, not well suited to scaling to small size, because the small size for an annular design has a great deal of surface area relative to the volume.

Abstract: A mercury-free metal halide lamp includes an arc tube including a pair of electrodes inside the tube. In the arc tube, a rare gas and a metal halide are contained, and no mercury is contained. The mercury-free metal halide lamp is horizontally operated such that the pair of electrodes is substantially horizontal. The mercury-free metal halide lamp further includes magnetic field applying means for applying a magnetic field including a component substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting heads of the pair of electrodes in a substantially vertical direction. The density of halogen atoms evaporated during steady-state operation with respect to unit inner volume of the arc tube is 20 &mgr;mol/cc or more.

Abstract: A discharge lamp includes means for containing a light emitting fill, the fill being capable of absorbing light at one wavelength and re-emitting the light at a different wavelength, the light emitted from the fill having a first spectral power distribution in the absence of reflection of light back into the fill; means for exciting the fill to cause the fill to emit light; and means for reflecting some of the light emitted by the fill back into the fill while allowing some light to exit, the exiting light having a second spectral power distribution with proportionately more light in the visible region as compared to the first spectral power distribution, wherein the light re-emitted by the fill is shifted in wavelength with respect to the absorbed light and the magnitude of the shift is in relation to an effective optical path length.

Abstract: A mercury-free high-intensity discharge lamp operating apparatus includes a horizontally operated high-intensity discharge lamp including an arc tube in which a luminous material is enclosed and a pair of electrodes are arranged in the arc tube; a ballast including an alternating current generation means for supplying alternating current to the pair of electrodes; and a magnetic field application means for applying in substantially vertical direction a magnetic field having a component that is substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting heads of the pair of electrodes; wherein mercury is not included as the luminous material in the arc tube.

Abstract: In a display device (70, 70A, 80-80G, 90-90F) having a display window (73, 81, 93), a magnetic loss layer or layer (75, 75A, 88-88C, 97-97C) is formed on at least a part of a principal surface of the display window. The magnetic loss layer may be a granular magnetic thin layer which is, for example, made of a magnetic substance of a magnetic composition comprising M, X and Y, where M is a metallic magnetic material consisting of Fe, Co, and/or Ni, X being element or elements other than M and Y, and Y being F, N, and/or O. The magnetic loss layer may be formed in any one selected from mat, lattice, stripe, and speck fashions. The magnetic loss layer may be formed in a mesh fashion.

Abstract: Incorporating the use of a permanent magnet within a GCIB apparatus to separate undesirable monomer ions from a gas cluster ion beam to facilitate improved processing of workpieces. In an alternate embodiment, the effect of the permanent magnet may be controlled by the use of an electrical coil. The above system eliminates problems related to power consumption and heat generation.

Abstract: At least main electrodes for a low pressure gas discharge arranged at a distance from each other are present in such switches, the main electrodes forming a cathode and an anode of a discharge path in an interrupter chamber for the gas discharge which is fired by increasing electron density in a cathode cavity. For this purpose, at least the cathodes have at least one opening, preferably the cathode and anode, having opposite aligned openings for triggering the discharge. In such an arrangement, an arrangement for the generation of a magnetic field superimposed on the discharge may be present. At least one slot is present in at least one of the main planar electrodes for generating a radial magnetic field. A single slot maybe provided which runs in the form of a spiral from the area of the electrode center to the area of the electrode edge.

Abstract: An inductively driven gas discharge lamp assembly (40) includes an electrodeless lamp (42), an inductive drive coil (44) disposed about the lamp, and a shield (10) disposed over an end portion (50) of the lamp. The shield (10) has a number of turns (12) of electrically conductive material, such as wire, with each of the turns being disposed generally coaxially about the central, longitudinal axis (20) of the drive coil (44). The turns (12) together form a continuous spiral helix and are shorted together via a number of electrical conductors (14) that are angularly disposed about the axis (20). These electrical conductors (14) extend generally perpendicularly to the turns (12) and are connected to the ground node (26) of a d.c. to a.c. inverter circuit 46 that is used to drive coil 44. This arrangement provides good r.f.

Abstract: The closed electron drift plasma thruster uses a magnetic circuit to create a magnetic field in a main annular channel for ionization and acceleration, said magnetic circuit comprises: an essentially radial first outer pole piece; a conical second outer pole piece; an essentially radial first inner pole piece; a conical second inner pole piece; a plurality of outer magnetic cores surrounded by outer coils to interconnect the first and second outer pole pieces; an axial magnetic core surrounded by a first inner coil and connected to the first inner pole piece; and a second inner coil placed upstream from the outer coils. The thruster also comprises a plurality of radial arms included in the magnetic circuit, and a structural base which is separate from the magnetic circuit and which serves, amongst other things, to cool the coils.

Abstract: An electrodeless gas discharge lamp includes a light-transmissive envelope having opposite ends and a midsection about which an induction coil is disposed. The envelope and coil are mounted transversely on a base with the ends of the envelope exposed such that light emitted from the envelope is transmitted through both ends of the envelope substantially unobstructed by either the base or coil to generate a high total light output of the assembly.

Abstract: In a microwave-excited discharge lamp of the present invention, a rare gas 2, a mercury halide 3 as a buffer material, and a metal halide 4 as a luminous material are sealed within an discharge tube 1. This achieves a microwave-excited discharge lamp having excellent stability and a variety of light colors.