Abstract: An optical system, including a light source module, a first lens array and a second lens array, is disclosed. The first lens array is located on one side of the light source module and includes first lenses. The first lenses are arranged according to a first pattern which is non-radially symmetrical and has a first major axis. The second lens array is located on one side of the first lens array and includes second lenses. The second lenses are arranged according to a second pattern and have optical axes aligned with optical axes of the first lenses. The second pattern is non-radially symmetrical and has a second major axis which deflects from the first major axis by a first angle. With this arrangement, the light source module can provide a telecentric light beam formed by radially symmetrical light cones, and the first and second lens arrays can transform this telecentric light beam into a light beam with non-radially symmetrical light cones illuminated onto a target area.

Abstract: An electron emitting element includes an electrode substrate, a thin-film electrode, and an electron acceleration layer provided between them. The electron acceleration layer includes a fine particle layer containing insulating fine particles, which is provided on a side of the electrode substrate, and a deposition of conductive fine particles, which is provided on a surface of the fine particle layer. In the electron acceleration layer, a conductive path is formed in advance, and the deposition has a physical recess which is an exit of the conductive path and which serves as an electron emitting section. Electrons are emitted via the electron emitting section. With the arrangement, it is possible to realize an electron emitting element which prevents that an electrode on an electron emission side gradually wears off along with electron emission and which can maintain an electron emission characteristic for a long period.

Abstract: An electron emission source includes nano-sized acicular materials and a cracked portion formed in at least one portion of the electron emission source. The acicular materials are exposed between inner walls of the cracked portion. A method for preparing the electron emission source, a field emission device including the electron emission source, and a composition for forming the electron emission source are also provided in the present invention.

Abstract: An electrophorises display unit includes a substrate, a first electrode, a first insulation layer, a second electrode and a second insulation layer. The first electrode is disposed on the substrate. The first insulation layer is disposed on the first electrode. The second electrode is disposed on the first insulation layer. The second insulation layer is disposed on the second electrode. Wherein, the second insulation layer has an opening for appearing a part of the second electrode.

Abstract: A device includes a substrate, an insulating member disposed on a surface of the substrate, a gate, and a cathode. The insulating member has an upper surface apart from the surface of the substrate, and a side surface rising from the surface of the substrate between the upper surface and the surface of the substrate. The gate is disposed on the upper surface of the insulating member. The cathode is disposed on the side surface of the insulating member and has a portion opposing the gate. The side surface of the insulating member on which the cathode is disposed has a protruding portion protruding from an imaginary line connecting a position where the portion opposing the gate lies and a position where the insulating member rises from the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A thermal sensitive display is disclosed, including a substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode perpendicular with each other over the substrate, a electric heat converting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a heat induced color changing layer, heated by the electric heat converting layer to display pictures.

Abstract: An electron emitting element includes an electrode substrate, a thin-film electrode, and an electron acceleration layer provided between them. The electron acceleration layer includes a fine particle layer containing insulating fine particles, which is provided on a side of the electrode substrate, and a deposition of conductive fine particles, which is provided on a surface of the fine particle layer. In the electron acceleration layer, a conductive path is formed in advance, and the deposition has a physical recess which is an exit of the conductive path and which serves as an electron emitting section. Electrons are emitted via the electron emitting section. With the arrangement, it is possible to realize an electron emitting element which prevents that an electrode on an electron emission side gradually wears off along with electron emission and which can maintain an electron emission characteristic for a long period.

Abstract: An electron emitting element of the present invention includes an electron acceleration layer sandwiched between an electrode substrate and a thin-film electrode, and the electron acceleration layer includes a fine particle layer containing insulating fine particles and a basic dispersant. This makes it possible to provide an electron emitting element which does not cause insulation breakdown in an insulating layer and which can be produced at a low cost.

Abstract: An electron emitting element of the present invention includes an electron acceleration layer that includes insulating fine particles but does not include conductive fine particles, the electron acceleration layer being provided between an electrode substrate and a thin-film electrode. This electron emitting element accelerates electrons in the electron acceleration layer and emits the electrons from the thin-film electrode, when a voltage is applied between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode. Accordingly, the electron emitting element of the present invention makes dielectric breakdown hard to occur. Further, this electron emitting element is produced easily at low cost and capable of emitting a steady and sufficient amount of electrons.

Abstract: In a display panel, a conductive member subjected to a prescribed electric potential lower than an anode potential is disposed on a first insulating substrate at a location spaced apart from an anode terminal subjected to the anode potential. An insulating member is disposed on the conductive member such that the insulating member includes a part located closer to the anode terminal than an end, on a side facing the anode terminal, of the conductive member and such that a gap is provided between the part and the first insulating substrate.

Abstract: An electron emitting element of the present invention includes an electron acceleration layer provided between an electrode substrate and a thin-film electrode, which electron acceleration layer includes (a) conductive fine particles and (b) insulating fine particles having an average particle diameter greater than that of the conductive fine particles. The electron emitting element satisfies the following relational expression: 0.3x+3.9?y?75, where x (nm) is an average particle diameter of the insulating fine particles, and y (nm) is a thickness of the thin-film electrode 3. Such a configuration allows modification of the thickness of the thin-film electrode with respect to the size of the insulating particles, thereby ensuring electrical conduction and allowing sufficient current to flow inside the element. As a result, stable emission of ballistic electrons from the thin-film electrode is possible.

Abstract: An electron emission device that can uniformly emit electrons and has low manufacturing costs, a display apparatus having improved pixel uniformity by using the electron emission device, and a method of manufacturing the electron emission device, wherein the electron emission device includes a first substrate, a cathode and an electron emission source disposed on the first substrate, a gate electrode electrically insulated from the cathode, an insulating layer interposed between the cathode and the gate electrode to insulate the cathode from the gate electrode, and a resistance layer that contacts the cathode and includes semiconductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs).

Abstract: Provided is a field emission device. The field emission device includes an insulated cathode substrate facing an anode substrate, a plurality of cathodes arranged on the cathode substrate and separated from each other, and an emitter formed on each of the cathodes. In order to prevent accumulation of charges on an exposed area of the cathode substrate between the cathodes due to electrons discharged from the emitter, the distance between the cathodes is equal to or smaller than a first threshold value, and the distance from the emitter to the end of the cathode is equal to or greater than a second threshold value. Accordingly, in the field emission device in which a plurality of cathodes are separated from each other on the same plane, it is possible to prevent abnormal field emission and arc generation due to accumulated charges between the cathodes, thereby performing stable operation.

Abstract: In an electron beam device employing an electron-emitting device in which a gate and a cathode are provided to sandwich a recess portion formed on an insulating member, electrons are scattered after the collision against the gate and then extracted, it is made possible to easily obtain stable electron emission characteristics and also to prevent the electron-emitting device from being deteriorated or being fractured due to overheating even when an excessive heat has been generated. The electron-emitting device includes the cathode having a protrusion 30 positioned astride the outer surface of the insulating member and the inner surface of the recess portion formed in the insulating member, and the gate including a layered structure of at least two electroconductive layers. A thermal expansion coefficient of the electroconductive layer which is arranged at a part facing to the protrusion is larger than that of the other electroconductive layer.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a polycrystalline film of lanthanum boride, and a size of a crystallite which composes the polycrystalline film is equal to or more than 2.5 nm and equal to or less than 100 nm, preferably the film thickness of the polycrystalline film is equal to or less than 100 nm.

Abstract: An electron emission display comprises: a cathode substrate having at least one electron emission device; a lower partition wall selectively formed in a predetermined region on the cathode substrate; an anode substrate having an image display region corresponding to the electron emission device; and an upper partition wall selectively formed on the anode substrate facing the cathode substrate. The lower and upper partition walls support the cathode and anode substrates, and maintain a predetermined space between the cathode and anode substrates, and the lower and upper partition walls comprise foam glass. With this configuration, a partition wall instead of a spacer is formed by selectively etching the foam glass, and is used for supporting a substrate, thereby eliminating a process of loading the spacer. A method of fabricating the electron emission display comprises steps for forming each of the aforementioned elements, as described above.

Abstract: An electron emission device, useful as a backlight unit, improves uniformity between pixels and maximizes post-processing effects. The electron emission device includes a base substrate with first electrodes extending on the base substrate, each of which includes a resistance layer formed at an end. The electron emission device also includes second electrodes electrically insulated from the first electrodes and electron emission sources formed on the first electrodes. The electron emission device is configured for current to flow through the resistance layer during a driving operation and for current to not flow through the resistance layer during an aging operation.

Abstract: There is provided an electron source including: an insulating substrate; a first wiring that is arranged on the insulating substrate; a second wiring that is arranged on the insulating substrate and intersects with the first wiring; and an electron-emitting device having a cathode electrode provided with an electron-emitting member and a gate electrode arranged above the cathode electrode, which is arranged on the insulating substrate and is separated from an intersecting portion of the first wiring with the second wiring; wherein the first wiring is arranged on the second wiring via an insulating layer; the gate electrode is provided with a plurality of slit-like openings that is arranged in substantially parallel at intervals; and the opening is arranged so that an extended line in a longitudinal direction thereof intersects with the first wiring.

Abstract: An electron emitter retaining a stable electron emission property with minimized fluctuation over a long period of time is provided. Also, a long-life image display apparatus that exhibits little fluctuation over a long period of time, by using electron emitters that retain a stable electron emission property with minimized fluctuation over long period of time is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron-emitting device which does not need a fresh electrode to be added thereto, has excellent convergence and shows little change of a discharged electric current for short and long periods of time, and an image display apparatus using the device. The electron-emitting device includes at least a pair of device electrodes formed on an insulating substrate, and a plurality of electroconductive films which are formed so as to connect the device electrodes to each other and have gaps therein, wherein the surface of a region which is at least adjacent to the gap between the electroconductive films and is not covered with the electroconductive film is higher than the surface of the electroconductive film.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a cathode electrode and a gate electrode, the gate electrode is separated and insulated from the cathode electrode, the gate electrode is a carbon nanotube layer, and the carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotube wire-like structures. A display device that includes the electron emission device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a cathode electrode and a gate electrode, the gate electrode is separated and insulated from the cathode, the gate electrode is a CNT layer, and the CNT layer includes at least a carbon nanotube film and a plurality of carbon nanotube reinforcement structures. A display that includes the electron emission device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electron emission device is provided having a first substrate and a first electrode on the first substrate. A second electrode is electrically insulated from the first electrode. An electron emission source is electrically connected to the first electrode. A blocking layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a cathode device and a gate electrode. The gate electrode is separated and insulted from the cathode device. The gate electrode includes a carbon nanotube layer having a plurality of spaces. A display device includes a cathode device, an anode device spaced from the cathode electrode and a gate electrode. The gate electrode is disposed between the cathode device and the anode device. The cathode device, the anode device and the gate electrode are separated and insulted from each other. The gate electrode comprises a carbon nanotube layer having a plurality of spaces.

Abstract: A portable low-output-level generator producing simultaneous audio, ultrasonic and RF noise for the test and demonstration of instruments designed to locate electrical interference, for demonstration of the broad frequency spectrum of electrical noise radiation, for antenna tests, to test the EMI susceptibility of electronic equipment, and to illustrate the effects of said noise on TV and radio receivers. This generator is enclosed in a housing and communicates audio and ultrasonic sounds to the observer via a vibrating diaphragm mounted on the face of the housing, with means provided to attenuate the audio sounds relative to the ultrasonic, and this generator radiates RF from a retractable antenna mounted on and extending outward from the housing.