Abstract: A carbon film is coated over the surface of a spacer. The carbon film has the following three features when the binding state of carbon is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: (a) an integral area of a region of 284.5 eV or below is 27% or less of an integral area attributed to carbon, (b) an integral area of a region of 286.0 eV-287.0 eV is 18% or less thereof, and (c) an integral area of a region of 287.0 eV or above is 9% or more thereof.

Abstract: A display device capable of realizing a desired color temperature is provided. Phosphor layers 5a, 5b and 5c, which are excited by ultraviolet radiation produced by discharge and emit red, green and blue visible light, are formed inside a red, green and blue gas discharge tube 1a, 1b, and 1c, respectively. The height Yc of the phosphor layer 5c with respect to a rear support body 20 is higher than the heights Ya and Yb of the phosphor layers 5a and 5b with respect to the rear support member 20, and establishes the relationship Yc>Ya=Yb. Therefore, the distance from the phosphor layer 5c to the opposite discharge surface on a front support body is shorter than those from the phosphor layers 5a and 5b, the visible light emitted from the display device 10 is shifted toward blue, that is, the color temperature increases.

Abstract: This method and apparatus permit installing and removing an electron beam generating element comprising a filament or a cathode in a rapidly replaceable module. The apparatus is an electron gun system having an electron gun enclosure, a feed-through element extending through the electron gun enclosure, an electron beam generating element housed within a filament module housing and connected to the feed-through element, an electron gun column and a connector port in the gun enclosure for direct removal and replacement of the filament. The feed-through element and the filament module housing are removed, through the connector port, from the gun enclosure and then the filament is removed and replaced. A load-lock is provided above the connector port to avoid venting into the gun. A bellows can be used to facilitate removal of the gun with minimal exposure to ambient atmospheric gases.