Abstract: A charged particle beam source, such as for use in an electron microscope, can include an electrically conductive support member coupled to a base, a mounting member coupled to the support member and defining a bore, and an emitter member received in the bore and retained by a fixative material layer flowed around the emitter member in the bore.

Abstract: A thermionic emission device includes an indirectly heatable main emitter with a main emission surface and a connectible heat emitter with a heat emission surface. The heat emission surface is disposed at a predefinable distance from the main emission surface. In the operating state, the main emitter is at a constant main potential and the heat emitter can be switched between at least two heating potentials which differ from one another and which differ from the main potential. Through the use of the thermionic emission device, the radiation load for a patient is reduced in the case of dose-modulated x-ray recordings.

Abstract: Phosphor compositions having the formulas (Tb1?x?y?z?wYxGdyLuzCew)3MrAls?rO12+?, where M is selected from Sc, In, Ga, Zn, or Mg, and where 0<w?0.3, 0?x<1, 0?y?0.4, 0?z<1, 0?r?4.5, 4.5?s?6, and ?1.5???1.5; (RE1?x?yScxCey)2A3?pBpSiz?qGeqO12+?, where RE is selected from a lanthanide ion or Y3+, A is selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba, B is selected from Mg and Zn, and where 0?p?3, 0?q?3, 2.5?z?3.5, 0?x?1, 0?y?0.3, ?1.5???1.5; and (Ca1?x?y?zSrxBayCez)3(Sc1?a?cLuaDc)2Sin?wGewO12+?, where D is either Mg or Zn, 0?x<1, 0?y<1, 0<z?0.3, 0?a<1, 0?c?1, 0?w?3, 2.5?n?3.5, and ?1.5???1.5. Also disclosed are light emitting devices including a light source and at least one of the above phosphor compositions.

Abstract: An EL element includes plural light transmitting front-electrodes forming plural lines by wiring and plural back-electrodes forming plural lines by further wiring. The front-electrodes are angled relative to the back-electrodes and a light-emitting layer is disposed between the front-electrodes and the back-electrodes. The EL element combined with a controller works as a lighting unit, which controls light emission at any place, so that a variety of lighting is realized by the lighting unit.

Abstract: In a semiconductor electron emission device for causing an avalanche breakdown by applying a reverse bias voltage to a Schottky barrier junction between a metallic material or metallic compound material and a p-type semiconductor, and externally emitting electrons from a solid-state surface, a p-type semiconductor region (first region) for causing the avalanche breakdown contacts a p-type semiconductor region (second region) for supplying carriers to the first region, and a semi-insulating region is formed around the first region.

Abstract: An electron beam generator which can operate in pulse or continuous mode, has an electron beam which is emitted in a main electron gun including a thermionic cathode and an anode. Used in association with this main electron gun is an auxiliary electron gun including a cathode, a grid intended to modulate an auxiliary electron beam in pulses when it is operating in pulse mode or to adjust the current of the auxiliary electron beam when it is operating in continuous mode, and an anode. The anode is in thermal and electric contact with the cathode of the main electron gun. The auxiliary electron beam controls the emission from the cathode. The electron beam emitted by the main electron gun is not disturbed by crossing the grid. Application of the electron beam generator is notably to microwave longitudinal interaction tubes operating at high average and/or peak power.

Abstract: A cold cathode device wherein a cold cathode and an anode face each other with an electron transit path intermediated therebetween, and one or more control electrodes structurally insulated from the said cathode and the anode, are provided exposing to the electron transit path. A cold cathode vacuum tube has an electron emission element having a p-type semiconductor region on an electron emission side and a work function lowering region with junctional relation to the p-type semiconductor region; and a plate electrode structurally insulated from the electron emission element by using an insulation layer which is formed with an electron transmit path corresponding in position to an electron emission area of the electron emission element.

Abstract: The invention provides a laser arrangement including in its discharge circuit a switching thyratron which is capable of conduction normally in one direction and protectively in the reverse direction. The thyratron has an anode formed as a hollow body which is adapted to retain plasma generated during a pulse of forward conduction so that the anode is provided to act as a cathode permitting protective reversal of the thyratron when this is subject to reversal of voltage.

Abstract: An improved lighting system (10) which in the preferred embodiment includes a cathode (12) having an external surface (34) being coated with a cathode outside film (40) for emitting electrons therefrom. A first anode (14) extends internal to the cathode (12) for heating the cathode (12) to thereby emit electrons from the external surface (34). A second anode (16) is positionally located external to the enclosed cathode (12) for accelerating the electrons emitted from the cathode external surface (34). A bulb member (18) encompasses the cathode (12), the first anode (14), and the second anode (16) in a hermetic type seal. The bulb member (18) has a predetermined gas composition contained therein with the gas composition atoms being ionized by the cathode emitted electrons. The gas composition ionized atoms radiate in the ultraviolet bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum.