Abstract: An ultraminiature light source using a double-spiral shaped tungsten filament includes end contact portions which are separated to allow for radial and length-wise unwinding of the spiral. The double-spiral filament is spaced relatively far apart at the end portions thereof so that contact between portions of the filament upon expansion is avoided. The light source is made by fabricating a double-spiral ultraminiature tungsten filament from tungsten foil and housing the filament in a ceramic package having a reflective bottom and a well wherein the filament is suspended. A vacuum furnace brazing process attaches the filament to contacts of the ceramic package. Finally, a cover with a transparent window is attached onto the top of the ceramic package by solder reflow in a second vacuum furnace process to form a complete hermetically sealed package.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lamp, particularly for a vehicle headlight, comprising two spiral-wound filaments which are retained by three feeders within a bulb that is inserted into a base. The feeders are arranged on top of one another when the lamp is adequately oriented. A tail of the first spiral-wound filament is connected to a dimming cap, said tail being located at a distance from the base, while a tail of the second spiral-wound filament is connected to the central feeder, said tail being close to the base. The second filament tail that faces away and is located at a distance from the base is connected to the upper feeder. According to the invention, the lower feeder is connected to the dimming cap by means of an end, some sections of which are angled away from a longitudinal axis of the lamp.

Abstract: A backlight 23 of the present invention has a panel case 24 and plural phosphor-coated anode sections 25 each arranged flatly in the panel case and plural linear cathode sections 26. Each of the plural linear cathode sections 26 has a conductive wire 33 having a great number of field concentration assisting concave/convex sections 34 formed on its outer peripheral surface and a carbon-based film 35 having, as a field electron emitter, a great number of sharp microscopic sections on the field concentration assisting concave/convex sections 34, wherein the field electron emitter emits electrons toward each of the plural phosphor-coated anode sections 25 so as to be radially widespread, when DC voltage is applied between the phosphor-coated anode sections 25 and the linear cathode sections 26.

Abstract: An energy converter according to the present invention includes a heat source (radiator 1), which receives externally applied energy and raises its temperature, thereby emitting electromagnetic radiations, and a radiation cut portion (mesh 2) for cutting down infrared radiations, of which the wavelengths are longer than a predetermined wavelength. The mesh 2 is a woven or knitted mesh of metal wires. The openings of the woven or knitted mesh have an aperture size that is smaller than the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: A high output halogen lamp having five filament segments with four segments in a circular arrangement surrounding a fifth segment positioned directly in the center of the lamp axis which contributes to the high output and a more uniform light distribution.

Abstract: An electric lamp has a lamp vessel accommodating an electric element. The element is connected to current conductors including molybdenum portions which have a coating of material chosen from the group of chromium-manganese, chromium-cobalt, chromium-iron and chromium-boron alloys as a protection against oxidation.

Abstract: A beam modulation device gate is constructed from a silicon material, such as a silicon layer on an silicon on insulator wafer. The device further comprises a set of electrical contacts on the layer. The layer defines a set of electrically conducting silicon material fingers forming an array, wherein each of at least some of the fingers is connected electrically to one of the electrical contacts. The gate may be used in a mass or ion mobility spectrometer. Where the gate is constructed from a silicon on insulator wafer, an insulator layer supports the silicon layer and a handle layer supports the insulator layer. When predetermined electrical potentials are applied to the electrical contacts, at least some of the fingers will be substantially at said predetermined electrical potentials to modulate a beam of charged particles that passes through said array of fingers.

Abstract: The object to the present invention is to provide a magnetron which can reduce spurious oscillation such as the ??1 mode which presents a problem particularly in magnetrons and can reduce spurious radiations without placing filters. The magnetron of the present invention includes an anode 1 formed by plural vanes 12 in such a manner that inner ends 12 are radially extended toward the center of the anode shell 11 from the inner wall of a cylindrical anode shell, and a cathode 2 provided at the center of the anode 1. The magnetron of the present invention further includes a pair of pole pieces 4 provided in such a manner that a magnetic field can be applied on the interaction space 2 where the inner ends 12a of the vanes 12 and the cathode 2 face with each other.

Abstract: A super-high pressure discharge lamp of the short arc type which has an arc tube portion in which there is a pair of opposed electrodes and which is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury, and side tube portions which extend from opposite sides of the arc tube portion and in which there are metal foils. The electrodes are each electrically connected to a respective one of the metal foils by a metallic component with cross-sectional area that is smaller than the cross sectional area of the electrodes in the area in which the electrodes are located in the side tube portions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fastening of incandescent coil filaments to current lead-in wires in electric lamps. One end (41) of the current lead-in wires is flattened and U-shaped. The U-shaped segment (41) of the current lead-in wire forms a gap-like seat (45) for a coiled incandescent coil-filament end (3a), the gap width of which is smaller than the outside diameter of the incandescent coil-filament end (3a).

Abstract: A carbon film having an area of insulating material surrounded by an area of conducting material, and an area of material between the area of insulating material and the area of conducting material having a graded dielectric constant which varies from high to low from the area of insulating material to the area of conducting material.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a tubular quartz glass lamp vessel (1) in which a filament (10) having adjoining turns is axially disposed. The filament (10) is kept centered in the lamp vessel (1) by supports (15) which are connected to the filament (10) intermediate its ends (12) and which bear against the lamp vessel (1). The turns (11) of the filament (10) are formed as polygons, and the adjacent angles of adjoining turns are angularly displaced relative to one another about the axis (2) of the lamp vessel (1).

Abstract: A flat display screen includes a cathode arranged in columns for electronically bombarding an anode including phosphor elements, a first gate arranged in rows to be individually addressed, and a second gate formed by at least two combs of alternate paths parallel with the rows of the first gate. A same row of the first gate is associated with a path of each comb and the interconnection of each path with a cathode column defines a screen pixel.

Abstract: A field emission cathode for use in flat panel displays comprises a layer of conductive material and a layer of amorphic diamond film, functioning as a low effective work-function material, deposited over the conductive material to form emission sites. The emission sites each contain at least two sub-regions having differing electron affinities. The cathode may be used to form a computer screen or a fluorescent light source.

Abstract: Ion implantation equipment is modified so as to provide filament reflectors to a filament inside of an arc chamber, and to remove the electrical insulators for the filament outside of the arc chamber and providing a means of shielding, thereby reducing the formation of a conductive layer on said insulators and greatly extending the lifetime and reducing downtime of the equipment. The efficiency of the equipment is further enhanced by means of an interchangeable liner for the arc chamber that increases the wall temperature of the arc chamber and thus the electron temperature. The use of tungsten parts inside the arc chamber, obtained either by making the arc chamber itself or portions thereof of tungsten, particularly the front plate having the exit aperture for the ion beam, or by inserting a removable tungsten liner therein, decreases contamination of the ion beam. Serviceability of the arc chamber is improved by means of a unitary clamp that separately grips both the filament and filament reflectors.

Abstract: This lamp comprises (1) an envelope of vitreous light-transmitting material enclosing an internal space where light is generated and (ii) conductive lead structure projecting into said internal space. Surrounding and sealed to said lead structure is a body of vitreous material formed of particles of vitreous material pressed together and sintered. This body extends through an opening in the envelope that communicates with said internal space. A hermetic seal is provided between said envelope and said body in the interface region between said envelope and said body.

Abstract: In an interaction space (4) defined between a cathode (3) and forward end portions of vanes (2), a permanent magnet (12) applies a uniform direct-current magnetic field along an axial direction of the cathode (3). Direct-current or low-frequency high voltage is applied between the cathode (3) and the respective vanes (2). Spaces (14) enclosed by respective pairs of adjacent vanes (2) and the inner wall of an anode cylinder (1) define cavity resonators. High-frequency electric fields formed in the cavity resonators are concentrated to the forward end portions of the vanes (2), and partially leak into the interaction space (4). Under such conditions, an electron group emitted from the cathode (3) rotates about the cathode (3) in the interaction space (4), thereby interaction takes place between the electron group and the high-frequency electric fields, to oscillate microwaves.

Abstract: An electrode head for a high-pressure discharge lamp consists of tungsten sheet material formed as a flat or curved plate having an elongated end face having a transverse dimension at least three or five times the plate thickness. As a result the discharge arc terminates practically in pointed form on the electrode end face, and the electrode is heated relatively slightly but has a large surface for thermal emission.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp bulb assembly having three or four lead wires led out of the bottom of a pinched sealing neck of an envelope or bulb containing two filaments (double filament structure), said lead wires are disposed in line longitudinally of the pinched sealing neck. Each of three supports connected to these lead wires comprises a connecting arm section extending parallelly with a plane defined by the line of lead wires and lead-out direction of them and also in a direction intersecting the lead-out direction, and a stem section extending from the connecting arm section and having one end thereof fixed. Since the connecting arm section of each support is so formed as to be welded to a corresponding lead wire from a direction perpendicular to said plane, all the supports are welded to the lead wires from a same direction.

Abstract: In a brazed joint between a coiled tungsten filament and a molybdenum lead, the lead continues integrally into a braze section which extends longitudinally within the coiled filament. The braze section may be formed by suddenly melting the portion of the lead used in the joint by a pulse discharge in an inert or reducing gas. The liquid molybdenum wets the tungsten and is drawn by capillarity into the turns of the coiling where it is rapidly chilled and solidifies in a time interval too short for appreciable crystal growth and embrittlement to occur in the tungsten.

Abstract: An improved structure for mounting minor and major filaments of a three-way incandescent lamp is disclosed. The improved mounting structure orients the major filament in either an axial or transverse manner and the minor filament in a transverse manner. The transverse mounting of the major and minor filaments is established by the selection of the respective parameters of the inner lead wires connected to the minor and major filaments so as to improve the ability of each transverse mounted filament to withstand mechanical shock.

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp having a bead mount and a filament which extends transversely to the lamp axis. Current supply wires in the pinch seal lie in a plane which encloses an angle of at least 45.degree. with the axis of the filament.

Abstract: An improved mounting structure for a three-way incandescent lamp is disclosed. The improved mounting structure has a three-pillar stem in which the conductive leads rigidly dispose a minor and major filament within the three-way incandescent lamp. The improved mounting structure has a conductive support member in common with both the minor and the major filaments which achieves improved mounting stability of the minor and major filaments relative to prior three-way incandescent lamps. Also disclosed is a method for the improved mounting structure which simplifies the manufacturing process of the three-way incandescent lamp. Further disclosed in one embodiment is an improved mounting structure which achieves simultaneous burnout of minor and major filaments of the three-way incandescent lamp.

Abstract: Electrical current supply terminal, especially for discharge tubes of light sources having a high pressure gas discharge.The invention is concerned with an electrical feed through, especially for discharge tubes of light sources having high pressure gas discharge, which current supply terminal is passed through a ceramic material, preferably from aluminum oxide and with a binding material is hermetically binded thereto, the heat expansion coefficient of which is appropriately selected and which is preferably vitreous enamel.In order to eliminate the difficulties resulting from the different heat expansion coefficient of ceramics, binding material and the metal material, the feed through is formed from a bundle of metallic threads.The bundle comprises preferably strands or braids and as material preferably molybdenum or tungsten is used.

Abstract: A lamp comprising a tubular quartz envelope having a mounting base compression fitted to one end thereof.

Abstract: Substantially completely deoxidized dispersion strengthened copper leads in incandescent electric lamps.

Abstract: Electric lamp inlead wires are provided with bends to shape them into desired configurations for holding a filament or arc tube. The bends are shaped to provide a small reverse bend section. This prevents an inherent springback tendency at the bends, and improves the permanency of the bent shapes.

Abstract: Each of the electrodes at the ends of an arc tube filled with a buffer gas, metal and sodium comprises an electrode core, an electrode coil wound around the core, an electron-emitting means disposed in the annular space between the electrode core and electrode coil and a shielding means disposed in said annular space in such a way that the electron-emitting means is shielded from exposure to the discharge space in the arc tube. The ratio h/d is determined such that 0.8.ltoreq.h/d.ltoreq.5.4, where h is the length in mm of the portion of the electrode core extended beyond the inner end of the shielding means or the innermost coil of the electrode coil; and d is the diameter in mm of the electrode core.The arc spots can be held to remain on the end faces of the electrode cores during lamp operation so that variations in electrical and optical characteristics can be almost eliminated.

Abstract: In an electronic tube, a metal cylindrical member having, at the end, a cylindrical joint portion is bonded by brazing to the end of ceramic cylindrical member to form a hermetic seal structure. The metal cylindrical member is made of iron and dimensions thereof are specified such that the cylindrical joint portion has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm or less and a height of 1 mm or more.

Abstract: One end of an electrode wire is doubled back at least once forming a teardrop shaped loop around a connector with the terminal end of the wire placed adjacent the wire inwardly of the connector. A rounded conductive mass encapsules said terminal end and the wire. This mass suppresses the field generated at the terminal end of the wire, provides mass dampening inwardly of the connector and distributes the load over both sides of said teardrop shaped loop. A converging restraining means may be disposed over and in contact with both sides of said loop intermediate said mass and said connector thereby providing additional dampening and an ultimate limit on loop movement. The connector has a circular groove within which the base portion of the loop is tightly accommodated by crimping the connector thereover. Preferably, the connector should be constructed from a metal having a substantially lower modulus of elasticity than the wire to preserve the cross-sectional stress area of the wire in so crimping.

Abstract: An electric lamp construction is described having a pair of conductive inlead wires of dispersion-strengthened copper alloy to serve as the sole means of physical support for a resistive incandescent filament electrically connected thereto, wherein said inlead wires have a surface metallurgical structure of fibrous dispersion-strengthened copper alloy. Said metallurgical surface of the inlead wires can further serve to enhance bonding of other materials thereto including metals such as nickel and aluminum as well as nonmetallic gettering materials such as phosphorous compounds.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp has a coiled filament with an improved life when it is mounted substantially in the same direction in which a mechanical shock occurs. In a particular embodiment of a miniature lamp known as a switchboard lamp, the filament is mounted, without further support, between two posts. This results in a greater light effectiveness that permits a current reduction through the filament while maintaining desired light output levels in its operational environment. The filament is protected from harmful shock levels by being mounted between twisted posts which orient the filament in the general direction of a mechanical shock imparted to the lamp through key telephone button releases.

Abstract: Lamps having a gas filling containing bromine and hydrogen can be given a very long life without the addition of iodine to the gas filling by constructing and proportioning the internal tungsten current supply conductors according to the invention.The internal current supply conductors consist of a tungsten wire around the end of which a tungsten wire is wound helically having turns axially interspersed with the end turns of the filament.

Abstract: An adapter for wire electrode assemblies of electrostatic precipitators so that wire electrodes of the type comprising an elongated electrode wire having its opposite ends terminating axially within two identical shrouds, each of the shrouds shaped as an elongated rod terminating in a combined frusto-cone and enlarged button head may be used with all types of support structures. The adapter comprises a curved or hook shaped piece of metal or other suitable material having in one end thereof a vertically aligned hole or slot adapted to cooperate with a bolt or pin, and in the other end thereof a horizontally aligned keyhole or slot adapted to receive the frusto-conical shroud of a wire electrode, the centers of the vertically aligned hole and horizontally aligned hole being in the same vertical plane.

Abstract: A low voltage incandescent lamp constructed from a reflector and a cover glass both consisting of pressed glass and which is referred to as a sealed beam type. Through the rear wall extend two conductors between which a filament is stretched. The filament, which may be subjected to impact is fixed by means of a bridge which comprises an electrically insulating mass through which extend two supporting wires. The supporting wires at their free ends are connected to the conductors at spaced points.

Abstract: A soldered joint between articles of at least one of the high melting point metals, high melting point carbides and high melting point metal oxides, which joint contains zirconium in which at least the external surface layer of the soldered joint consists of zirconium nitride.The soldered joint is preferably used for securing electrodes for high-pressure gas discharge lamps to current supply conductors.The soldered joint can be obtained by soldering with zirconium in a rare gas atmosphere whereafter the soldering area is heated for some time in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: An improved lead wire forming apparatus is described comprising wire flattening apparatus, a three jaw hook former, and clamping dies for fastening the lead wire about a filament.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to the manufacture of incandescent lamps and, in particular, to apparatus for fastening lead wires to incandescent filaments, especially coiled filaments.In the prior art, lead wires were flattened, given an initial bend with clamping jaws, received a filament while in the clamping jaws, and then clamped around the filament using the filament as an anvil in the same clamping jaws.While the connection provided in this manner is adequate initially, the connection has a tendency to deteriorate in use, particularly where the use requires a large number of on-off cycles as in signal lamps. This deterioration causes early and unpredictable failure of the lamp.The deterioration is believed due to a number of factors which revolve around the way the connection is made.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode provided with a connection conductor for a gas and/or vapor discharge lamp. A quantity of electrically conducting auxiliary material, having a melting point less than the turns, is introduced between several turns of the electrode. Subsequently this assembly is heated to above the melting point of the auxiliary material below the melting point of the material of the turns. Cooling takes place after auxiliary material has flowed between the turns. Subsequently the auxiliary material is connected to the actual connection conductor which may be a bushing shaped lead-through conductor.

Abstract: A multi-wire oxygen electrode and method of manufacturing the same, said electrode having a reactive electrode surface formed by a glass electrode tip having an end surface and a number of electrode wires are distributed in the end surface of the electrode tip along a circle. The cross-sectional surface of said electrode wires are freely exposed in such end surface and the electrode wires are fused in the electrode tip and electrically conductively connected with a cathode wire arranged in a glass sleeve. There is provided a substantially semi-spherical shaped support surface having an apex, said support surface being coaxially arranged with respect to the electrode tip, and said cathode wire being held in the electrode tip at the apex of the support surface.

Abstract: A filament shield comprising a body with a recess therein. The recess has a base, which may be planar and from which the filament to be shielded is spaced, and is bounded on two opposed edges by a pair of surfaces. Each of these surfaces has a linear inner edge inclined with respect to an axis along which the filament lies and spaced therefrom, and an outer edge inclined to the axis at a greater angle than the respective inner edge.A lamp unit comprising a parabolic reflector and a filament shield as defined above, the filament shield being disposed so that the axis of the filament lies on the focal axis of the reflector.