Abstract: The present invention provides a cathode material for an electron beam device. The cathode material is characterized by the fact that it includes 0.5-9.0% by weight of a rare earth metal of the cerium group, 0.5-15.0% by weight of tungsten or rhenium or both tungsten and rhenium, 0.5-10% by weight of carbon and the remainder of iridium. The cathode material according to the invention has excellent plasticity, can be easily used for manufacturing an emitter of a small size, has high electron emission power, and has a low operation temperature, thereby having a long lifetime, and it is therefore useful for a cathode material for an electron beam device.

Abstract: An impregnated cathode and a method of manufacturing the same are provided for suppressing emission of unwanted electrons and particles generated from an excess electron emitting substance so as to achieve a steady electron emission characteristic. The impregnated cathode is placed directly beneath an electron emission hole of a first grid. The impregnated cathode is made up of a first sintered porous element whose surface functions as an electron emitting region and a second sintered porous element whose surface is a peripheral region other than the electron emitting region. The porosity of the first sintered porous element is greater than that of the second sintered porous element. Not only the first sintered porous element having the electron emitting region but also the second sintered porous element corresponding to the region around the electron emitting region is impregnated with the electron emitting substance.

Abstract: A heater is built in an inner sleeve of an electron gun, and an impregnated type cathode is fixed at an end portion, on the grid electrodes side, of the inner sleeve. The inner sleeve, having an outside diameter ranging from about 1.0 mm to 1.4 mm and a length substantially equal to a primary spiral length of the heater is inserted in an outer sleeve. The outer sleeve has on the grid electrodes side a small-diameter portion having an outside diameter ranging from about 2.2 mm to about 2.6 mm and on the base end side a large-diameter portion having an outside diameter ranging from about 2.6 mm to 3.0 mm. The inner sleeve is inserted in the small-diameter portion and is fixed thereto by means of strap-like tabs. A holder is fixed around the outer peripheral portion of the large-diameter portion, and is assembled in a ceramic disk via the holder.

Abstract: A cathode for a cathode ray tube includes a base having a closed top portion and containing nickel as its main component, an electron-emitting material layer coated on the top portion of the base and containing alkali-earth metal oxides as its main component, rare-earth metals or rare-earth metal compounds attached on a surface of the electron-emitting material layer, and a heater placed under the top portion of the base to heat it.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a phosphor screen and an electron gun. The electron gun includes an indirectly heated cathode structure and plural grid electrodes in axially spaced relationship. The cathode structure includes a cap-shaped base metal having an electron emissive material coating and a heater for heating the cap-shaped base metal. The heater includes a major heating portion having a spirally wound heating wire and leg portions, and each of the leg portions includes a first multilayer winding portion having heating wires wound spirally in plural layers and a second multilayer winding portion intermediate between the major heating portion and the first multilayer winding portion and having heating wires wound in plural layers.

Abstract: A cathode assembly (27) includes a thermally conductive insulating substrate (21) having a pair of opposing surfaces. A cathode base member (24) is formed on one surface of the insulating substrate, and a heating member (25) for heating the cathode base member is formed on the other surface of the insulating substrate. A heater electrode terminal (26) is fixed to the electrode of the heating member through a metal layer (26a). A first grid (30) is fixed to the insulating substrate to oppose the cathode base member through a predetermined space.

Abstract: Direct and indirect electron bombardment provide a sufficiently high degree of temperature uniformity across the emitting surface of a large-area electron source for an electron beam projection system such that a broad beam having illumination uniformity within 1% can be achieved. A diode gun is used to obtain extraction field uniformity and maintain uniformity of illumination. Power requirements and power dissipation in beam periphery truncating apertures is reduced by roughening the surface of a monocrystalline cathode or depositing materials having a higher work function thereon.

Abstract: Problems with a conventional cathode for electronic tubes arose because metals composing the substrate were subjected to heat deformation, resulting in a relatively lage drift of cutoff voltage. The present invention diminishes the heat deformation of the substrate to obtain a cathode with a small drift of cutoff voltage. Particularly, heat expansion coefficients can be made uniform while metals in the metal layer are prevented from diffusing into the substrate. This is done by incorporating the same metals present in the metal layer into the metals composing the substrate, thereby supressing deformation of the substrate.

Abstract: A low power impregnated cathode consisting of a pallet, a cup, an inner sleeve, a cap, and an outer sleeve, is characterized in that the diameter of the pellet is less than at least one and half times of the thickness of the pellet, and is characterized in that an outer diameter of the bottom part of the outer sleeve is larger than an outer diameter of the top part thereof.

Abstract: A cathode for an electron tube includes a layer of a electron emitting substance containing alkaline earth metal oxides containing 0.01--20.0 wt % of both a lanthanum compound and a magnesium compound or a lanthanum-magnesium compound disposed on a base metal including nickel as a major component and tungsten as a minor component. The tungsten prevents embrittlement and ensures a continuing supply of fill barium in the electron-emitting substance. The cathode enjoys full interchangeability with the conventional oxide cathode and a 15-30% longer life span.

Abstract: A cathode for an electron tube formed by coating the base of the cathode for the electron tube with an alkaline-earth metal carbonate containing at least barium as the alkaline-earth metal, and thermally decomposing in a vacuum to generate an emitter mainly comprising an alkaline-earth metal oxide, wherein a mixture of two or more kinds of alkaline-earth metal carbonate crystalline particles having different shapes is used as the above mentioned alkaline-earth metal carbonate. Since the present invention can provide a cathode for electron tube having improved both cut-off drift and emission characteristic at the same time, it is useful as a cathode for the electron gun of a CRT, or a cathode for the electron gun of an electron microscope.

Abstract: An electron beam exposure device includes an alignment optical system; an electromagnetic lens system; a stage on which the sample is provided; and an electron gun. The electron gun is comprised of an electron generating source; an electron generating source heating element which generates heat for increasing the temperature of the electron generating source; a supporting member which supports the electron generating source and the electron generating source heating element; and a Wehnelt. The electron beam exposure device is provided with at least one auxiliary heating element located at respective portion thermally connected to the electron generating source heating element.

Abstract: A cathode having a matrix body (1) impregnated with an alkaline earth compound, whose surface is provided with a top coat (2, 3, 4) comprising a high melting point metal, such as particularly tungsten, and scandium. A high emission at a low operating temperature and simultaneously a rapid recuperation after ion bombardment as well as a long lifetime are achieved in that the top coat comprises at least two layers of different composition, with a purely metallic layer (5, 6, 7) being provided on the impregnated matrix body (1), which layer comprises scandium and a high melting point metal such as particularly tungsten and/or rhenium, and in that a metallic layer of a high melting point metal such as particularly tungsten is provided as a sealing layer.

Abstract: A cathode for an electron tube is described that has little deterioration of emission current after long operation, is used as a long-life oxide cathode even with high current density in a CRT, and is economical. An emissive material is adhered onto a substrate that is positioned at one opening of a cylindrical sleeve having a built-in heater coil and that includes nickel as a main component by thermally decomposing carbonate including an alkaline earth metal oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of titanium, nickel, zirconium, vanadium, niobium and tantalum.

Abstract: An indirect cathode sleeve and manufacturing method thereof capable of substantially reducing electric power consumption of a heater disposed inside the cathode sleeve and simultaneously reducing a picture-producing time by oxidizing an inside surface of the cathode sleeve and reducing an outside surface thereof. The cathode sleeve includes a heater disposed inside the cathode sleeve; a base metal formed at the top of the cathode sleeve; an electron-emitting material layer formed at the outside surface of the base metal; and an indirect cathode sleeve including a black inside surface and a white outside surface.

Abstract: An electric discharge tube or discharge lamp, in particular a flat-panel display screen, includes one or more low-temperature cathodes having a holder, which, optionally, is provided with a heating or cooling element, a conductive bottom layer which is applied to the holder, optionally a substrate with dispenser material, and a top coating of ultrafine particles having a nanostructure. The top coating has a surface layer consisting of an emitter complex formed from an emission material comprising several components. The cathodes have a high reliability and a long service life under a normal working load. The emission is stable, which contributes to a constant picture quality throughout the life of the discharge lamp or discharge tube. The discharge tubes or discharge lamps in accordance with the invention have short switching times and the advantage that their construction has been simplified and that their energy consumption is low.

Abstract: A cathode for an electron tube has an electron emissive material layer on the surface of a cathode base metal. The electron emissive material layer has a three-layer structure composed of a first layer made of an alkaline earth metal oxide which is formed on the surface of the cathode base metal, a second layer which is an alkaline earth metal oxide layer in which a rare earth metal oxide is dispersed, which is formed on the surface of the first layer, and a third layer made of an alkaline earth metal oxide which is formed on the surface of the second layer.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube has a cathode structure including a cathode body comprised of porous refractory metal impregnated with electron-emissive material, a metal cup for containing the cathode body therein, a metal sleeve having a closed end and mounting a heater therein, a cylindrical metal eyelet and a plurality of thin metal wires stretched across one end of the metal eyelet and suspending the metal cup and the metal sleeve concentrically with and in the cylindrical metal eyelet. The metal cup and the closed end of the metal sleeve are fixed with the plurality of thin metal wires interposed therebetween, and ends of the plurality of thin metal wires are welded to a metal flange formed at the one end of the metal eyelet. The metal cup can be welded to the closed end of the metal sleeve by an electron beam with the plurality of thin metal wires interposed therebetween.

Abstract: A cathode structure comprises at an end portion (1) an electron-emitting material (4) and a heating element (5) of wire (7), said cathode structure having a plurality of primary helical turns (8). These primary turns are used to form a first series of secondary turns (9) which are wound in a first direction with a pitch and which extend towards the end portion (1), and to form a second series of secondary turns (10) which extend from the end portion (1) and which have the opposite direction of winding yet the same pitch. Near the end portion (1), the first and second series of turns (9, 10) are interconnected by an arc-shaped connecting portion (12) having primary turns (8). This arc-shaped connecting portion (12) has a span S.sub.a and a rise r.sub.a, the ratio r.sub.a /S.sub.a preferably ranging from 0.3 to 0.5.

Abstract: A cathode for an electron tube includes a base metal containing nickel as a major component and an electron-emissive material layer which is formed on the base metal and comprises an alkaline earth metal oxide including barium oxide as its main component, wherein the electron-emissive material layer further comprises a lanthanum-magnesium-manganese oxide. The cathode of the present invention is fully interchangeable with conventional oxide cathodes and has a longer lifetimes and an improved cut-off drift characteristic.

Abstract: A cathode for an electron tube has a layer of electron-emissive substance containing alkaline earth metal carbonates having capillary crystals, to which 0.01-20.0 wt % of both a lanthanum (La) compound and a magnesium (Mg) compound or an La--Mg compound, based upon the weight of the alkaline earth metal carbonate, is added. The cathode enjoys full interchangeability with a conventional oxide cathode and a 15-20% longer lifetime.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating a stream of charged particles, for example for use in an electron beam welding device. The apparatus includes a charged particle source (5) such as a filament and a target (6). The charged particle source (5) is connected in series with a resonant electrical circuit and the target is connected in parallel with the circuit. The source and target (5,6) are relatively juxtaposed such that under working conditions, when the circuit is in resonance, electric current passing through the source (5) causes emission of first charged particles and the potential difference between the source (5) and the target (6) accelerates the first charged particles towards the target.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode including a dispenser body formed of a metal matrix and an emission surface formed of emission material impregnated into the dispenser body metal matrix. The metal matrix is a porous sintered metal matrix containing at least one metal frown a first group (W, Mo, Cr) and at least one metal of a second group (Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Re, Os, Ir, Pt) and chromium oxide. The chromium oxide and the metals from the two groups are provided as a powder mixture to form the matrix. The emission material includes at least two alkaline earth metal oxides such as CaO, BaO and at least one oxide of a metal of group IIIa or IIIb of the Periodic Table. The oxide of a metal group is Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electron gun for cathode tube having red, green and blue cathode structure body composed of a combination with a sleeve having open and close type and other length, thickness, shape and the quality of material and connecting heater therein, a base metal having other shape, thickness and attached on upper edge of the sleeve and a hot electron emitting material deposited on the base metal.

Abstract: A black coating having a uniform thickness is formed, on the inner surface of the cathode sleeve, as a sintered layer obtained by mixing tungsten having an average particle diameter in a range of 0.5 .mu.m (inclusive) to 2 .mu.m (inclusive) with alumina having an average particle diameter in a range of 0.1 .mu.m (inclusive) to 1 .mu.m (exclusive) at a weight ratio of the tungsten to the alumina in a range of (90:10) to (65:35).

Abstract: A low-power cathode can be obtained by arranging it on a substrate (1), preferably of silicon, which is entirely or partly removed at the location of the emissive structure (11) by means of, for example, anisotropic etching. Because of its low power, the cathode is particularly suitable for multi-beam applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to an indirectly-heated cathode heater structure comprising a heat generation section disposed inwardly of an upper portion of a sleeve for generating heat to emit thermions at an electron gun of a cathode ray tube, the heat generation section having a given calorific value being formed to have a length 25.about.33 % of the length of the sleeve, whereby heat loss at a lower portion of the sleeve during heating operation of the heater may be minimized, resulting in improving an overshoot rate of the heater.

Abstract: A heater for an indirectly heated vacuum tube cathode is formed of anisotropic pyrolytic graphite in which current passes through the graphite in the "c" direction.

Abstract: A heater coil for an electron tube includes a spiral wire which is double wound to be cylindrical, and a connection wire which is formed on an upper face of the spiral wire in a horizontal plane. The connection wire is shaped to have at least two bent portions on the same plane.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of positioning and assembling in place cathode heaters of an electron gun for a cathode-ray tube, thereby resulting in improvements in assembling workability and in the white balance characteristic on the screen of the tube. A cathode heater structure includes a cathode heater and a heater supporter. The cathode heater includes a heat generating portion and a pair of leg portions extending from the heat generating portion. Each leg portion is formed with a bent engaging portion at its end. The heater supporter has guide grooves for receiving the engaging portions of the cathode heater to guide and position them. According to the method of the present invention, the cathode heaters are shot in sequence into the guide grooves of the heater supporter by means of shooters, and then the leg portions of the heaters caught and positioned in the guide grooves are welded to the guide grooves.

Abstract: An impregnated pallet including a porous metal body to which an electron radiating material is impregnated, a cathode ring having an upper portion in which the impregnated pallet is fitted, and a cathode sleeve containing a heater therein and having a closed upper end mounted to the lower end of the cathode ring such that the closed upper end surface thereof is in close contact with the lower surface of the impregnated pallet, so as to transmit directly the heat from the heater accumulated in the cathode sleeve to the impregnated pallet. A plurality of uniformly spaced metal ribbons are formed integrally with the lower end of the cathode ring. Each metal ribbon has an end fixed to the closed upper end surface of a cathode holder. In accordance with the present invention, the impregnated cathode has an improved construction capable of shortening the video producing time and simplifying the manufacturing process, thereby improving the workability and the productivity.

Abstract: A cathode structure for supporting a cathode sleeve of a cathode ray tube includes a plurality of metal ribbons for supporting the cathode sleeve, where one end of a ribbon is fixed to an upper end of the cathode sleeve and the other end of the same ribbon is fixed to an upper end of a cathode holder, that allows thermal expansion of the cathode sleeve to occur towards the cathode holder, and maintain a constant distance between a cathode cup on the cathode sleeve and a first electrode of an electron gun.

Abstract: To maintain a monolayer of scandium, which is necessary for a satisfactory emission on the surface of a scandate cathode, at least the top layer of the cathode is provided with a scandium-containing oxidic phase from which Scandium is supplied by segregation from this oxidic phase.

Abstract: An electron accelerator includes a thermal cathode, heated by infrared rays guided by a quartz rod, for emitting electrons, an accelerating section connected to a high voltage power supply, and a vacuum vessel containing the cathode and the acceleration section. The cathode may be heated by laser beam instead of the infrared rays. The current level of an accelerated electron beam is detected to generate a signal proportional to the detected level. The signal is used to adjust the intensity of the rays heating the cathode to prevent the level of electrons emitted from said cathode from fluctuating.

Abstract: A cathode structure for an electron tube that includes a cathode sleeve, an upper heat radiation part blackened by the oxidation of the Cr contained therein in order to increase the rate of the heat radiation, a lower supporting part covered by a nickel layer for preventing the oxidation of Cr, and a cathode sleeve holder that is connected to the lower supporting part by resistance welding.

Abstract: A reservoir dispenser cathode structure having improved thermal efficiency is provided by inner and outer subassemblies. The inner subassembly has a molybdenum heater cup to which a tungsten-rhenium alloy cap is laser seam-welded. The outer subassembly has a tantalum support cylinder within which the inner subassembly is supported by means of a three-point suspension in the form of tabs that are lanced from the tantalum cylinder and spot-welded to the heater cup. The heater has a coiled-coil design wherein the coils are coated with Al.sub.3 O.sub.3 and small particle tungsten powder to increase the coil's thermal emissivity. This thermally-efficient structure permits the achievement of high current density (greater than 3 Amperes per square centimeter) with heater power that is less than 1.3 Watts.

Abstract: The present invention involves a cathode structure for an electron tube wherein the cathode sleeve and cathode sleeve holder are fixed together by improved means so as to increase the exposed length of the cathode sleeve that has a cathode heater, a cathode holder for holding the cathode heater, a cathode sleeve with an upper end and lower end for enclosing the cathode heater, the upper end sealed by a cathode cap, a cathode sleeve holder with an upper end and lower end for holding the lower end of the cathode sleeve and the cathode holder, an outward flange formed around the lower end of the cathode sleeve, and an inward flange from around the upper end of the cathode sleeve holder, wherein in the outward flange of the cathode sleeve is caught by and bonded to the inner flange of the cathode sleeve holder.

Abstract: An electron beam generator having an electron emission cathode adopted to be rapidly mounted to an installation, has an electronically insulating support body that is clamped on one side to a metal contact body having a large surface area. At the other side of the electrically insulating support body, a quick release device is arranged in order to rapidly mount and dismount the generator to an installation.

Abstract: An indirectly heated cathode incorporated in a gas discharge tube with a discharge current of 0.2 to 0.4 A has a cathode surface area in a range of 10 to 30 mm.sup.2. A cathode cylinder is made of molybdenum, nickel or alloy thereof. A heater coated with alumina for insulation is inserted into the cylinder in such a manner that the distance between the heater and cylinder is 0.1 mm or less, and coil gaps of the heater are set to 0.15 mm or less. Alternatively, the space between the heater and cylinder is filled with alumina. As a result, the ratio of a heat quantity by forced heating to a heat quantity for starting discharge is made 0.3 or less.

Abstract: An uncoated radiative heating filament wire is electrically and thermally isolated from the cathode of a high power magnetron. The filament wire helically surrounds the cathode support rod and is suspended above the support rod surface by ceramic members. A reflective shell envelops the helical filament wire and cathode support rod. The shell reflects radiated heat from the filament wire evenly upon the cathode support rod.

Abstract: A high temperature low density operating element includes a porous high temperature operating element film formed into a predetermined configuration and disposed on one surface of an insulating member with good heat conductivity, a resistive film with a high melting point and good heat conductivity having a higher density than the high temperature operating element film, formed into a predetermined configuration on a second surface of the insulating member with good heat conductivity, a lead wire connected to the resistive film, an insulating protective film disposed on the insulating member covering the resistive film.

Abstract: A cathode structure for an electron gun of a cathode ray tube contains supporting pieces for preventing the detachment of an insulating block that are buried into insertion grooves made in the insulating block. These supporting pieces contact and are welded to the inside of the skirt of the control grid after they are inserted into the control grid together with the insulating block. This provides high stability against external impacts.

Abstract: A dispenser cathode for an electron gun comprises a reservoir for holding thermoelectron emissive material. A sleeve having an outward flange at a top portion thereof and receives the reservoir at the upper portion thereof and receives a heating element at the other end. A heat shielding tube is provided with an inward flange at the top thereof that overlaps and is welded to the outward flange of the sleeve. A holder for supporting the heat shielding tube is secured thereto.

Abstract: A RF electron gun, such as for use in a linear electron accelerator, having a cathode activating device which, in one embodiment, includes means for altering the phase of the accelerating electric field to accelerate emitted electrons in the reverse direction to cause them to strike the cathode, thereby activating the cathode. In another embodiment, laser light is directed onto the cathode for activation thereof and, in a further embodiment, the electric field is positioned and directed at the cathode to cause the activation thereof.

Abstract: Cathode for an electric discharge tube having a short warm-up time and a long lifetime. The cathode comprises a metal (particularly nickel) support base coated with a layer of potentially electron-emissive material, which support base has a thickness ranging between 20 and 150 .mu.m, and metal crystallites having a size which does not permit of any further crystallite growth or recrystallization. Preferably, the crystallites of the support base have a size which corresponds to the thickness of the support base.

Abstract: An indirectly heated type cathode assembly comprises a cathode sleeve having a heater within itself and having an emitter-impregnated type cathode disc fitted at one end, a plurality of straps connected at one end to a lower end portion of the cathode sleeve, and a cylinder holder whose upper end is connected to the other end of each strap, the holder being located outside the cathode sleeve such that it is spaced a predetermined distance apart from the cathode sleeve. A heat reflecting cylinder is located between the cathode sleeve and the holder of the indirectly heated type cathode assembly such that it is coaxial with the cathode sleeve and holder. The heat reflecting cylinder is supported by the holder and each strap extends such that it is not in contact with the heat reflecting cylinder. The strap is made of a Ta-W alloy or a Ta-W-Hf alloy.

Abstract: A filament for an indirectly heated cathode is coated with a tungsten-aluminium oxide suspension, the tungsten particles being stabilized by a chemisorbed monomolecular layer of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as stearic acid.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an impregnated cathode is provided wherein an alloy layer of iridium and tungsten is formed on a surface of a porous pellet impregnated with an oxide of an alkali earth metal, wherein a crystal structure of the alloy has an .epsilon.II phase comprising an hcp structure whose lattice constants a and c satisfy 2.76.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.2.78 and 4.44.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.4.46, respectively. The impregnated cathode of the present invention maintains stable electron emission characteristics from an early stage of operation.

Abstract: An oxide-coated cathode for an electron tube comprises a layer (2) of an electron-emissive substance. This layer (2) contains: an alkaline earth metal oxide as a principal component containing at least Ba; an oxide of Sc; and at least one heat-resisting oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of Al, Si, Ta, V, Cr, Fe, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Mo and W.

Abstract: In thermoemissive cathodes for cathode ray tubes, in particular filament heated barium-calcium-strontium oxide cathodes, to give sturdiness to the filament and its alumina sheath in the presence of vibrations which might damage this sheath, it has been the practice to use an insulated reinforcing strip, soldered to the cathode tube, which restricts the movement of the filament during vibration. This method entails high manufacturing costs for mediocre results. The invention proposes to use a cathode, comprising a tube made of refractory metal closed by a refractory plug. The tube is filled with an alumina powder which is sintered before covering the plug with a standard emitting capsule of active nickel coated with metal oxides. The sintered alumina powder provides high cohesion between the filament and the inner wall of the tube. Excellent resistance to vibrations is obtained.