Abstract: An annular cathode for a vacuum tube includes a central cylindrical support whose axis is that of the cathode; an outer peripheral electron emitter with annular section whose axis is that of the cathode, extending over the outer perimeter of the cathode; and a folded skirt, secured at an inner end to the central support, and secured, at its outer end, to a plurality of lugs; each lug being disposed in series with the folded skirt, and secured with the folded skirt and with the inner surface of the electron emitter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a tubular lamp with a coiled filament having an overwind wrapped around the coil. In one embodiment, the tubular lamp has a coiled coil filament, and the coiled coil has an overwind wrapped around the coiled coil.

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprises an electrode assembly structured to induce tension in certain of the component electrodes and compression in others of the component electrodes. The balancing tensile and compressive forces cause the electrode assembly to be a unitary, self-supporting structure, which can be inserted into a prefabricated envelope and in which the forces are induced independently of interaction with the envelope. The electrodes in tension may be relatively thin wires and the electrodes in compression may be relatively thicker rods. The electrode assembly may include concentric arrangements of electrodes, with a plurality of rod counter-electrodes spaced circumferentially around a thin wire electrode, or a plurality of thin wire electrodes spaced circumferentially around a central rod counter-electrode. In other embodiments, a counter-electrode may have a flat, polished surface facing one or more electrodes overlying the surface. Dummy electrodes may equalize bending loads on the counter-electrode.

Abstract: A filament lamp having a filament and an internal lead in which the filament is insulated from contact with the internal lead and prevent from moving during operation to maintain a uniform distribution of light. To this end, the filament lamp includes a luminous tube having an inner wall, and opposing ends on which sealing parts are formed. Multiple filaments are sequentially disposed inside the tube in an axial direction, and internal leads are connected to each filament. An insulating wall is provided along the inner wall of the luminous tube in the axial direction and is disposed around at least one of the multiple filaments. Internal leads running partly parallel to the filaments are positioned between the luminous tube and insulating wall and do not engage the ring supporters of the multiple filaments, which could cause the filaments to move and distribute light in a nonuniform pattern.

Abstract: An X-ray source with a cathode (2) that includes a first wire (4) having optionally thermal loops (12, 14) between an emission loop (10) and first and second ends (6, 8). A spiral second wire (30) is wound around the wire (4) and a low work function coating (32) is provided on both wires. The first and second wires may be of refractory material, such as tungsten, and the low work function coating may include barium oxide.

Abstract: An electron source can selectively provide a first stream of electrons that travels in a direction along an imaginary line to a location remote from the electron source, or a second stream of electrons that travels in the direction along the line to the location. The electron source includes a first electron emitter for selectively emitting electrons for the first stream, and a second electron emitter for selectively emitting electrons for the second stream. A different aspect relates to a method for operating an apparatus having an electron source that includes first and second electron emitters. The method includes selectively producing a first stream of electrons that travels from the first electron emitter in a direction along an imaginary line to a location remote from the electron source, or a second stream of electrons that travels from the second electron emitter in the direction along the line to the location.

Abstract: An electron source producing an electron beam which is highly reliable and stable even when it is externally oscillated. The electron source comprises a cathode (1) having an electron emitting section which is so connected to be interposed between top ends of two filaments (3) which are respectively connected to two conductive pins (4) provided on an insulator member (5), an end of the cathode (1) which differs from the electron emitting section being fixed to the insulator member (5), wherein the two filaments (3) are being twofold symmetry with a center on a center axis of the cathode (1), and preferably, the end of the cathode (1) which differs from the electron emitting section is fixed to the insulator member (5) via a metallic member (6) brazed to the insulator member, and more preferably, a curved portion is provided to the filaments.

Abstract: In a light emitting display apparatus requiring power supply lines, excellent uniformity in display luminance is provided over a relatively large screen by disposing at least one of input terminals for the power supply lines between input terminals for signal lines.

Abstract: A method of making a carbon nanotube structure includes forming a plurality of carbon nanotubes and contacting the carbon nanotubes with a polymer. A solid composition is formed from the carbon nanotubes and polymer and then shaped. For example, the solid composition can be shaped into an elongated structure such as a filament, wire, rope, cable, and the like. In at least some instances, at least some, or all, of the polymer is removed from the solid composition after it is shaped.

Abstract: A method for operating a charged particle beam emitting device and, in particular, an electron beam emitting device including a cold field emitter is provided. The method includes the steps of placing the cold field emitter in a vacuum of a given pressure, the emitter exhibiting a high initial emission current I0 and a lower stable mean emission current IS under a given electric extraction field; applying the given electric extraction field to the emitter for emitting electrons from the emitter surface; performing a cleaning process by applying at least one heating pulse to the cold field emitter for heating the emitter surface, whereby the cleaning process is performed before the emission current of the cold field emitter has declined to the lower stable mean emission value IS; and repeating the cleaning process to keep the emission current of the emitter continuously above the substantially stable emission value IS.

Abstract: A porous cathode structure is fabricated from a plurality of wires which are placed in proximity to each other in elevated temperature and pressure for a sintering time. The sintering process produces the porous cathode structure which may be divided into a plurality of individual porous cathodes, one of which may be placed into a dispenser cathode support which includes a cavity for containing a work function reduction material such as BaO, CaO, and Al2O3. The work function reduction material migrates through the pores of the porous cathode from a work replenishment surface adjacent to the cavity of the dispenser cathode support to an emitting cathode surface, thereby providing a dispenser cathode which has a uniform work function and therefore a uniform electron emission.

Abstract: A device which employs an electron beam, for performing a desired function, includes an electron gun for generating the electron beam. The electron gun includes a barrel shaped rotatable structure having a plurality of annularly disposed electron sources. A curvature of a surface portion of the rotatable structure is shaped to optimize electric field concentrations. The rotatable structure further includes end portion protrusions.

Abstract: An energy converter according to the present invention includes a heat source (radiator 1), which receives externally applied energy and raises its temperature, thereby emitting electromagnetic radiations, and a radiation cut portion (mesh 2) for cutting down infrared radiations, of which the wavelengths are longer than a predetermined wavelength. The mesh 2 is a woven or knitted mesh of metal wires. The openings of the woven or knitted mesh have an aperture size that is smaller than the predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: An electron source can selectively provide a first stream of electrons that travels in a direction along an imaginary line to a location remote from the electron source, or a second stream of electrons that travels in the direction along the line to the location. The electron source includes a first electron emitter for selectively emitting electrons for the first stream, and a second electron emitter for selectively emitting electrons for the second stream. A different aspect relates to a method for operating an apparatus having an electron source that includes first and second electron emitters. The method includes selectively producing a first stream of electrons that travels from the first electron emitter in a direction along an imaginary line to a location remote from the electron source, or a second stream of electrons that travels from the second electron emitter in the direction along the line to the location.

Abstract: The invention provides a charged particle beam device, an emitter module for emitting charged particle beams and a method of operation thereof. Thereby, a charged particle beam emitter (15) emitting charged particles along an optical axis (1) is realized. On the same carrier body (32), a cleaning emitter (16) for emitting charged particles approximately along the optical axis (1) is realized. Thus, an improved cleaning can be provided.

Abstract: An energy converter according to the present invention includes a filament 11 for converting given energy into electromagnetic waves and radiating the waves, and a radiation suppressing portion for suppressing some of the electromagnetic waves (e.g., infrared rays), which have been radiated from the filament 11 and of which the wavelengths exceed a predetermined value. The radiation suppressing portion has a bundle 12 of fine wires 12a, of which the axial direction is aligned with a direction in which the electromagnetic waves propagate with their radiations suppressed.

Abstract: An indirectly heated cathode for gas discharge tube C1 comprises a heater 1, a double coil 2, a plate member 3, and a metal oxide 10. An electrical insulating layer 4 is formed on the surface of heater 1. Heater 1 is disposed at the inner side of double coil 2. Plate member 3 is disposed along the length direction of double coil 2 at the inner side of double coil 2, which is to be the discharge surface side, and is electrically connected to double coil 2. Also, plate member 3 is grounded by being connected to the ground terminal of heater 1. Metal oxide 10 is held by double coil 2 and disposed to be in contact with plate member 3. Metal oxide 10 is in contact with double coil 2.

Abstract: A beam modulation device gate is constructed from a silicon material, such as a silicon layer on an silicon on insulator wafer. The device further comprises a set of electrical contacts on the layer. The layer defines a set of electrically conducting silicon material fingers forming an array, wherein each of at least some of the fingers is connected electrically to one of the electrical contacts. The gate may be used in a mass or ion mobility spectrometer. Where the gate is constructed from a silicon on insulator wafer, an insulator layer supports the silicon layer and a handle layer supports the insulator layer. When predetermined electrical potentials are applied to the electrical contacts, at least some of the fingers will be substantially at said predetermined electrical potentials to modulate a beam of charged particles that passes through said array of fingers.

Abstract: A double-layer electrode coil for a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp and a method of making the electrode coil are provided. A more stable layer of coils is made by front winding, instead of back winding, the layers of wire. The second layer of wire is entirely within a helical groove on the exterior surface of the first layer of wire. This arrangement is particularly stable and permits more rapid insertion of the electrode shank after removal of the mandrel.

Abstract: A light source composed of a planar, or substantially level, flat or curved, rigid or flexible, matrix of microfilaments integrated on a single substrate and capable of emitting light by incandescence when supplied by an electric current.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an electric lamp with a coiled-coil filament, which is made more compact. An electric lamp 1 comprises a bulb 3 and a coiled-coil filament 2 accommodated in the bulb 3. According to the present invention, the coiled-coil filament 2 consists of a core filament 2′ and an additional filament 2″ which is wound around the core filament 2′ and of which the diameter is smaller than the diameter of the core filament 2′.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bulb designed for emitting radiation through an emission surface ES of an envelope ENV which contains a radiation source ELM. According to the invention, the emission surface ES is substantially planar, while the radiation source defines a planar surface parallel to the emission surface. A bulb according to the invention is capable of emitting a homogeneous radiation towards a planar surface with a high radiation density.

Abstract: A device for controlling an electric field at a cathode sub-pixel region of a field emission display comprising a cathode substrate having a plurality of emitter lines formed on the cathode substrate and a gate frame having a plurality of gate wires positioned over respective the plurality of emitter lines. Each of the plurality of gate wires has a cross section shaped to produce an electric field between adjacent ones of the plurality of gate wires that is substantially uniform and substantially flat across the cathode sub-pixel region of respective ones of the plurality of emitter lines. The cathode sub-pixel region is defined as a portion of each of the plurality of emitter lines in between the adjacent ones of the plurality of gate wires.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a phosphor screen and an electron gun. The electron gun includes an indirectly heated cathode structure and plural grid electrodes in axially spaced relationship. The cathode structure includes a base metal having an electron emissive material coating and a heater for heating the base metal. The heater includes a major heating portion having a spirally wound heating wire and leg portions disposed at ends of the major heating portion, and each of the leg portions includes a first multilayer winding portion having heating wires wound spirally in plural layers and a second multilayer winding portion disposed intermediate between the major heating portion and the first multilayer winding portion and having heating wires wound in plural layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrode coils for discharge lamps having a coiled wire (1) which is wound around by a braiding wire (2). The coiled wire (1) has both turns (II) with an essentially circular cross-section and turns (I, III) with an oval cross-section. In order to produce the bar-shaped coil according to the invention, the unit comprising the coiled wire (1), the first core wire (3) and the braiding wire (2) is wound around a second core wire (4) which is flattened in places. Unrolling of the braiding wire (2) is prevented thereby. Production of the coil is cost-effective, since only two core wires are required and the coil ends are not fused.

Abstract: A field emission cathode for use in flat panel displays comprises a layer of conductive material and a layer of amorphic diamond film, functioning as a low effective work-function material, deposited over the conductive material to form emission sites. The emission sites each contain at least two sub-regions having differing electron affinities. The cathode may be used to form a computer screen or a fluorescent light source.

Abstract: A deflection yoke for use with cathode ray tubes of the type in which one or more electron beams generated therein are deflected includes a magnetic core member and a selected wire winding thereon to produce a magnetic field for deflecting the beam. Each core has a winding axis defined thereon and each winding occurs along at least one segment having a given length along the winding axis. Each segment has a first end and an opposed second end and a middle portion defined therebetween. The winding pattern of each winding in accordance with the invention begins in the central portion of each segment and includes a first toroidal winding portion starting at this midpoint and extending in a first handed direction to a first segment end. The winding pattern includes an intermediate transition portion which extends from the first segment end to the second segment end. The winding pattern continues with a second toroidal winding portion extending from the second segment and to the middle starting point.

Abstract: A heating element formed from at least two wires twisted together. The twisted wires are preferably shaped in a helical configuration and mounted within a quartz tube.

Abstract: A wire shaped electron source includes a heating core wire, an insulator partially provided on the heating core wire, and an electron emission material provided on the heating core between the insulators. The thickness of the electron emission material is less than the height of the insulators. When the wire shape electron source is installed in a flat panel display device, the insulator prevents the electron emission material from vibrating thus preventing any contact with the inner wall of the flat panel display device.

Abstract: A composite vacuum evaporation coil including a base coil and an overwind coil is characterized by the overwind coil being independent of the power source and being confined to the area of the turns of the base coil. Such a composite coil has improved efficiency and operating life.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heater for indirect-heated cathode having a heating element composed of a wire with a high specific resistance, such as titanium or titanium-based alloy, around which another wire with a low specific resistance is wound, and having a heat-resisting insulating material covering at least part of said heating element.

Abstract: In an electron tube comprising a pyrolytic graphite electrode which is a hollow body of revolution and which has an open end at which it is secured to a substantially coaxially cylindrical electrode support, a substantially cylindrical sleeve of a carbide-forming metal is interposed radially between the end of the pyrolytic graphite electrode and the electrode support. One end of the sleeve is fused around the end of the electrode and the other end is secured to the grid support. Thus, the pyrolytic graphite electrode is secured in an uncomplicated and efficient way with a satisfactory dielectric strength and without affecting the electric field of the tube in operation.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device for fixing the skirt of a grid made of pyrolytic graphite to the base of an electron tube, the fixation device being constituted by a ring fixed onto the base of the tube against which is maintained the skirt of the grid by means of abutments.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp with a concave conical foil filament suspended by mounting tabs inside a ring conductor between concave conical front and rear bulb walls. Current flows from a center post conductor through the foil filament to the ring conductor to the base. A reflective plate is mounted behind the foil filament to return heat to the filament.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp with a flat circular foil filament which emits a circular beam of maximum intensity in the direction perpendicular to the filament. The filament is mounted inside a ring conductor and has a reflective rear plate which returns heat to the filament as means of increasing the incandescence.Current flows from a center post conductor through the filament to a ring conductor.

Abstract: A directly-heated cathode for power electron tubes such as triodes, tetrodes or pentodes comprises a cylindrical sleeve constituted by a lattice of crossed wires forming the emissive portion of the cathode and by two conductive plates attached respectively to each end of the sleeve. In order to permit free deformation of the cathode, a flexible metallic bellows element is fixed between one of the plates and the corresponding end of the cylindrical sleeve.

Abstract: The amount of emitter paste which can be applied to the filament used in orescent tubes can be increased by winding the filament, as previously proposed, about an iron or molybdenum mandrel which can be dissolved; in contrast to the prior art, however, the wound filament is not annealed at a temperature which removes winding stresses but, rather, at a lower temperature of about for example 900.degree. C. for tungsten wire, thus retaining some of the winding stresses. Upon dissolving-out of the iron core or mandrel, the remaining stresses will cause adjacent windings of the filament to slightly relieve their stresses by springing back to some extent, resulting in relatively offset end portions of the wires with respect to each other, when the wires have been wound on a mandrel which has an essentially rectangular cross section in which the ratio of length to width--in cross section--is greater than 2.

Abstract: In a directly heated meshed cathode made of one metal piece in the form of a hollow cylinder, the working surface is constituted by intersecting helical filaments 3 and 4 with holes 5 therebetween, each filament 3 and 4 being formed with a stepped increase in the width from periphery to center of the cathode.A method of making the meshed cathode comprises fabrication of a tool electrode out of a plate by electroerosive cutting of grooves in the end portion of the plate with projections therebetween shaped to match the holes 5 between the filaments 3 and 4, and electroerosive broaching, using this tool electrode, of longitudinal rows of holes 5 in a hollow cylindrical blank rotatably displaced, after each pass of the tool electrode, through an angle equal to twice the angular distance between the center lines of adjacent longitudinal rows of holes 5 in the cathode.

Abstract: A stabilized cathode assembly for an arc light source is disclosed wherein an unattached end of a length of electrically conducting braid serving as a cathode is held in close proximity to the anode of the source to establish an arc path between the braid end and the anode. Support means are disclosed which function to advance and withdraw the braid to initiate the arc. Application of the assembly in a spectrometer sample excitation device is further disclosed.

Abstract: An electrically resistive heater consisting of a helix of resistive wire, the helix being shaped into a toroid or a spiral, with the electrical return lead extending coaxially through the helix so as to provide a magnetic field of equal magnitude and opposite sense to that produced by current in the helix to cancel the magnetic fields.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp has a hollow cylindrical filament which is constructed from transversal strips each traversing at least for the greater part the circumference of the cylinder at a distance from each other with longitudinal strips connecting the transversal strips together. The strips constitute electrically parallel current paths.Such filaments have improved resistance to deformation a low sensitivity for evolving hot spots, a low weight and compactness.

Abstract: An electronic valve includes a shell electrode which is mounted on a support in such a way as to provide a good continuous electrical contact therewith. The base of the shell electrode is flared and mates with a tapered portion of the support, and is held in contact therewith by means of a clamp.

Abstract: A multi-digit fluorescent display tube comprising a multi-digit pattern display member including display units for respective digits disposed in parallel and composed of segment anodes, each segment anode having a phosphor layer, and at least one cathode stretched along the longitudinal direction of the pattern display member to confront the respective multi-digit pattern display units in common, wherein the cathode is disposed in an inclined manner and the perveance in each display unit is adjusted, so that when the cathode is heated and actuated by a direct current power source, the display brightness is substantially uniform in the display units for respective digits.

Abstract: A cylindrical grid for an electronic tube, a triode or tetrode, of high-power design. It is constituted by a mesh-type structure of pyrolytic graphite, the meshes being substantially of equilateral triangular shape in all cases.

Abstract: A first array of spaced wires is in angular contact with a second array of spaced wires so as to from a wire mesh. The first array has a fewer number of wires than the second array.

Abstract: A plurality of thermionic filaments are arranged in side-by-side relationship. A spreader electrode which may be in the form of a flat plate is placed on one side of the filaments, while an anode is placed on the other side of the filaments, with a grid being interposed between the filaments and the anode. The various aforementioned elements are given dimensions and positioned relative to each other and the voltages thereon adjusted so as to shape the trajectory of the electrons to provide a uniform distribution of electrons at the anode with a minimum dissipation of energy in the grid and spreader electrodes.