Abstract: A method for forming and installing a retaining ring comprises: feeding a wire in a linear path into a forming die having a circular bore; forming, using the forming die, the wire into a formed ring having a ring shape; transferring the formed ring from the forming die to a transfer puck; and installing the formed ring, as a retaining ring, in a tube of a product assembly. The formed ring is maintained in a constrained state between forming in the forming die and installation in the product assembly. A system for forming and installing a retaining ring into a product assembly includes a forming die configured to form a wire into a formed ring having a ring shape; and a transfer puck to transfer the formed ring from the forming die. The formed ring is maintained in a constrained state from forming through installation.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to a method and apparatus for inspecting lamp dimensions. The method includes determining an actual measurement of a lamp. The lamp is configured to heat a substrate in a substrate processing apparatus. A window is generated, the window having a width and a height. The window is based upon a target measurement of the lamp. The method further includes generating a deviation based upon a difference between an image of the actual measurement and the window. The deviation is compared to a first threshold. The lamp is rejected if the deviation is outside the first threshold.

Abstract: A gas-free light bulb device has a lamp head, heatsink, a bulb, a glass core column, multiple filament assemblies, and a resilient extending element. The heatsink is mounted on the lamp head and has a mounting slot and a driver circuit board mounted in the mounting slot. The bulb is mounted on the heatsink and has a cavity. The glass core column is mounted in the mounting slot. The filament assemblies are mounted on the glass core column. The resilient extending element is mounted on the glass core and has a resilient rubber sleeve mounted around the glass core column and multiple resilient extending rubber bars connected respectively to the filament assemblies. When the gas-free light bulb device is operated with rising temperature, the resilient rubber sleeve is heated and loosened to slide upward and drive the filament assemblies to contact the bulb to effectively dissipate heat.

Abstract: A cathode assembly is for use in a radiation generator and includes an ohmically heated cathode, and a support having formed therein a hole and a recess at least partially surrounding the hole. In addition, there is a mount coupled to the support. The mount includes a larger outer frame positioned within the recess, a smaller inner frame carrying the ohmically heated cathode and spaced apart from the larger outer frame, and a plurality of members coupling the smaller inner frame to the larger outer frame.

Abstract: A long-life hot cathode fluorescent lamp can include a pair of parallel lead wires that can be arranged at each end of a tube. A coiled filament can be connected at its opposite end portions to the lead wires. The coiled filament can have two long pitched regions in which a coil pitch is longer than regions outside of the long pitched regions. Emitter can be located in a region defined between the two long pitched regions. Shape characteristics and intensive current flow obtained by the presence of the long pitched regions can form the origins of discharge near the boundaries between long and short pitched regions. Accordingly, stable discharge can be achieved with the origins of discharge located at ends of the emitter. As a result, the hot cathode fluorescent lamp is allowed to have a long life and stable light emission characteristics.

Abstract: A filament lamp having a filament and an internal lead in which the filament is insulated from contact with the internal lead and prevent from moving during operation to maintain a uniform distribution of light. To this end, the filament lamp includes a luminous tube having an inner wall, and opposing ends on which sealing parts are formed. Multiple filaments are sequentially disposed inside the tube in an axial direction, and internal leads are connected to each filament. An insulating wall is provided along the inner wall of the luminous tube in the axial direction and is disposed around at least one of the multiple filaments. Internal leads running partly parallel to the filaments are positioned between the luminous tube and insulating wall and do not engage the ring supporters of the multiple filaments, which could cause the filaments to move and distribute light in a nonuniform pattern.

Abstract: An ultraminiature light source using a double-spiral shaped tungsten filament includes end contact portions which are separated to allow for radial and length-wise unwinding of the spiral. The double-spiral filament is spaced relatively far apart at the end portions thereof so that contact between portions of the filament upon expansion is avoided. The light source is made by fabricating a double-spiral ultraminiature tungsten filament from tungsten foil and housing the filament in a ceramic package having a reflective bottom and a well wherein the filament is suspended. A vacuum furnace brazing process attaches the filament to contacts of the ceramic package. Finally, a cover with a transparent window is attached onto the top of the ceramic package by solder reflow in a second vacuum furnace process to form a complete hermetically sealed package.

Abstract: An X-ray source with a cathode (2) that includes a first wire (4) having optionally thermal loops (12, 14) between an emission loop (10) and first and second ends (6, 8). A spiral second wire (30) is wound around the wire (4) and a low work function coating (32) is provided on both wires. The first and second wires may be of refractory material, such as tungsten, and the low work function coating may include barium oxide.

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract: A new Rhenium alloy usable for improving the performance of emission filaments used in mass spectrometers or other similar scientific instruments, which is made by adding low level concentrations of Yttrium Oxide to Rhenium of less than 10%. This new alloy has demonstrated superior performance characteristics compared to pure Rhenium for this purpose. Filaments made from the Yttria/Rhenium alloy exhibit the same voltage, current and emission properties as Rhenium but have the added advantage of greatly decreasing warping during use. The Rhenium alloy filaments are usable with various shapes and configurations including straight filaments, multiple coiled filaments and pin shaped filaments. Electron microscopy and microscopy studies verify that the Yttria/Rhenium material of the new alloy has a smaller grain size and increased strength when compared to pure Rhenium, which accounts for the enhanced structural strength.

Abstract: It is provided a lamp (12) for an automotive headlamp (10), comprising a filament coil (14) for emitting light (22) and a nominal alignment axis (32) for aligning the filament coil (14) such, that the filament coil (14) is positioned in the middle of an allowable tolerance box wherein the filament coil (14) is arranged shifted to the nominal alignment axis (32). Due to the shifted arrangement of the filament coil (14) the flexibility given by the allowable tolerance may be used for positioning the filament coil such, that the projected image (18) of the filament coil (14) is projected nearer to the bright/dark-cutoff (40) without blinding oncoming traffic.

Abstract: A lamp (10), which can be used in rapid thermal processing (RTP), has a lamp envelope (12) arrayed along a longitudinal axis (14) and has a top (16) and a bottom (18). A first coiled-coil filament (20) having a first lead-in (20a) and a second coiled-coil filament (22) having a second lead-in (22a), are parallelly arrayed to each other and to the longitudinal axis (14) within the envelope (12). A serial connector (24) joins the first and second filaments; and an electrically insulating support (26) is positioned near the bottom (18) of the lamp envelope (12). The first lead-in (20a), the second lead-in (22a) and at least a portion (24a) of the serial connector (24) are sealed within the insulating support 26 whereby the first and second lead-ins (20a, 22a) and the at least a portion (24a) of the serial connector (24) provide the only support for the first and second filaments (20, 22).

Abstract: An ultraminiature light source using a double-spiral shaped tungsten filament includes end contact portions which are separated to allow for radial and length-wise unwinding of the spiral. The double-spiral filament is spaced relatively far apart at the end portions thereof so that contact between portions of the filament upon expansion is avoided. The light source is made by fabricating a double-spiral ultraminiature tungsten filament from tungsten foil and housing the filament in a ceramic package having a reflective bottom and a well wherein the filament is suspended. A vacuum furnace brazing process attaches the filament to contacts of the ceramic package. Finally, a cover with a transparent window is attached onto the top of the ceramic package by solder reflow in a second vacuum furnace process to form a complete hermetically sealed package.

Abstract: A new Rhenium alloy usable for improving the performance of emission filaments used in mass spectrometers or other similar scientific instruments, which is made by adding low level concentrations of Yttrium Oxide to Rhenium of less than 10%. This new alloy has demonstrated superior performance characteristics compared to pure Rhenium for this purpose. Filaments made from the Yttria/Rhenium alloy exhibit the same voltage, current and emission properties as Rhenium but have the added advantage of greatly decreasing warping during use. The Rhenium alloy filaments are usable with various shapes and configurations including straight filaments, multiple coiled filaments and pin shaped filaments. Electron microscopy and microscopy studies verify that the Yttria/Rhenium material of the new alloy has a smaller grain size and increased strength when compared to pure Rhenium, which accounts for the enhanced structural strength.

Abstract: A long-life hot cathode fluorescent lamp can include a pair of parallel lead wires that can be arranged at each end of a tube. A coiled filament can be connected at its opposite end portions to the lead wires. The coiled filament can have two long pitched regions in which a coil pitch is longer than regions outside of the long pitched regions. Emitter can be located in a region defined between the two long pitched regions. Shape characteristics and intensive current flow obtained by the presence of the long pitched regions can form the origins of discharge near the boundaries between long and short pitched regions. Accordingly, stable discharge can be achieved with the origins of discharge located at ends of the emitter. As a result, the hot cathode fluorescent lamp is allowed to have a long life and stable light emission characteristics.

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract: An apparatus and method comprising a cathode structure which can be a cylindrical filament coiled in a helix or which can be constructed of a ribbon or other suitable shape. The cathode structure can be heated by passage of an electrical current, or by other means such as bombardment with energetic electrons. Selected portions of the surface of the cathode structure have an altered property with respect to the non-selected portions of the surface. In one embodiment, the altered property is a curvature. In another embodiment, the altered property is a work function. By altering the property of the selected portions of the surface, the electron beam intensity is increased, and the width is decreased.

Abstract: A method of making cathodes includes forming a first intermediate assembly having a current wire in juxtaposition with an outer mandrel wire and a basket wire wound around the first two wires. The first intermediate assembly is wound around a central mandrel to form a second intermediate assembly. Pulses of energy are used to produce an alloy solder joint between the current wire and the basket wire at selected locations. The second intermediate assembly is cut into segments, and the mandrels are removed. This results in a cathode having a coiled current wire and a basket wire wound around the current wire, with the basket wire being bonded to the current wire by the alloy solder joints. The cathode includes a central bore that is substantially free of the alloy solder joint.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric incandescent lamp, in particular a vehicle headlight, having at least one incandescent filament which is arranged within a light-permeable lamp vessel, the at least one incandescent filament having different pitch factors at its two ends. In order to increase the luminance at the light/dark boundary of the lower beam, that end of the incandescent filament which is near to the base has a lower pitch factor.

Abstract: A coiled filament for an X-ray tube has a varied coil pitch to obtain a good uniformity of the longitudinal temperature distribution. The filament has a central region including plural turns having a same coil pitch, and end regions which include plural turns each of which has a coil pitch smaller than the coil pitch of the central region. The coil pitches of the plural turns of the end regions are reduced one by one by a same variation from a turn close to the central region toward an outermost turn. A value of ?p/p is within a range of 0.015 to 0.1 and k/n is within a range of 0.3 to 0.8, where p is the coil pitch of the central region, ?p is the coil pitch variation of the end regions, n is a total number of turns of the filament, and k is a sum of numbers of turns of the end regions. The k/n preferably satisfies the following equation: k/n=0.72?4.66(?p/p)±0.12.

Abstract: An indirectly heated cathode for gas discharge tube C1 comprises a heater 1, a double coil 2, a plate member 3, and a metal oxide 10. An electrical insulating layer 4 is formed on the surface of heater 1. Heater 1 is disposed at the inner side of double coil 2. Plate member 3 is disposed along the length direction of double coil 2 at the inner side of double coil 2, which is to be the discharge surface side, and is electrically connected to double coil 2. Also, plate member 3 is grounded by being connected to the ground terminal of heater 1. Metal oxide 10 is held by double coil 2 and disposed to be in contact with plate member 3. Metal oxide 10 is in contact with double coil 2.

Abstract: The incandescent lamp is equipped with a luminous element which is hermetically inserted in a bulb together with a filling, the luminous element having a metal carbide whose melting point is above that of tungsten. The supply lead is fabricated integrally with the luminous element from a wire and provided with an electrically conducting coating which decisively improves the impact strength and make-proofness.

Abstract: A coiled filament has a light emitter with a reduced volume as best possible to serve in downsizing a light bulb and elevate an illumination with high efficiency in an illuminated field. A flat coiled filament wound into flatness is arranged in the form of a helix or ring, locating the longer axis of the flatness in parallel with the central axis of the coiled filament or to cross the central axis at an appropriate angle. Alternatively, it is arranged in coincident with the radial axis of the coiled filament or at an appropriate angle. Alternatively, the flat coiled filament is U-shaped and a pair of such U-shaped flat coiled filaments are mated with each other through their open ends, while the inner surfaces of their closed ends are kept in non-contact with each other. Alternatively, the flat coiled filament is formed circular.

Abstract: A material including a carbon-based substance and resins are mixed, and the mixture is extruded and dried, and the extrusion is sintered in an inert atmosphere, thereby obtaining a heating element material. The heating element material is reheated in a vacuum so that its resistance-temperature characteristic is adjusted to a necessary value, thereby obtaining a heating element for an infrared lamp. The heating element is a wire-shaped or plate-shaped heating element including the carbon-based substance, and an internal lead wire is wound around each of both ends of the heating element directly or via a graphite block so that a tight fit can be obtained. A coil spring is formed in the middle of the internal lead wire. The heating element is accommodated in a quartz glass tube filled with an inert gas.

Abstract: A double-layer electrode coil for a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp and a method of making the electrode coil are provided. A more stable layer of coils is made by front winding, instead of back winding, the layers of wire. The second layer of wire is entirely within a helical groove on the exterior surface of the first layer of wire. This arrangement is particularly stable and permits more rapid insertion of the electrode shank after removal of the mandrel.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp (10) with improved life is formed by winding a coil (30) using first, second, and third mandrels (45, 46, 50), the third mandrel having a diameter of at least 1.0 mm. The coil is wound around the second mandrel to provide at least 80 turns per inch (TPI). The third mandrel is larger than in conventional coils, allowing about 50% more emitter material (32) than can be loaded on a conventional coil. This has been found to lead to substantially increased lamp life, about 50% longer for a diameter of 1.25 mm than for a coil with diameter of about 0.86 mm. Increasing the TPI of the second coil over that of a coil having a TPI of 60-70 also increases the lamp life by providing better retention of the emitter material. By combining both the increased third diameter with increased second coil TPI, lifetimes of about twice that of a corresponding conventional coil may be achieved.

Abstract: A halogen incandescent lamp comprises a light-transmitting envelope filled with a gas including a halogen gas and an inert gas. A pair of inner conductive wires is arranged in the envelope. A triple-coiled filament, which has a first coiling, a second coiling, and a third coiling having about 1.5 to about 4 turns, is re-crystallized, is arranged in the envelope, and is connected between ends of the inner conductive wires. The triple-coiled filament is held by a support member. The halogen incandescent lamp may be utilized to a lighting apparatus.

Abstract: A luminous element (10) for a lamp is double helix-shaped, with two connection parts (18, 20) situated at one end of said double helix. The diameter (D1, D2) of the double helix increases consistently in the direction of the two connection parts (18, 20) of the luminous element (10). The invention also relates to a lamp with a luminous element of this type, to a method for producing a luminous element of this type and to a device for carrying out the production method.

Abstract: An incandescent light bulb includes a lamp envelope, a coiled filament with a predetermined amperage rating disposed inside the lamp envelope, and current supply wires that electrically connect a pair of opposite terminal ends of the filament to a power supply. The power supply has a predetermined nominal voltage range for causing a current to flow through the filament sufficient to heat the same to a temperature at which it emits visible light. In one arrangement the filament has a pair of end segments and a central segment between the end segments. The end segments of the filament have a first pitch which is smaller than a second pitch of the central segment of the filament. With this configuration, more of the length of the coil will be heated to the maximum operating temperature while avoiding peak temperature areas that lead to failures. The variable pitch of the filament increases the brightness of the light bulb without decreasing its life.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a phosphor screen and an electron gun. The electron gun includes an indirectly heated cathode structure and plural grid electrodes in axially spaced relationship. The cathode structure includes a base metal having an electron emissive material coating and a heater for heating the base metal. The heater includes a major heating portion having a spirally wound heating wire and leg portions disposed at ends of the major heating portion, and each of the leg portions includes a first multilayer winding portion having heating wires wound spirally in plural layers and a second multilayer winding portion disposed intermediate between the major heating portion and the first multilayer winding portion and having heating wires wound in plural layers.

Abstract: A thermionic emitter has a flat emission surface that is subdivided by slits into generally spiral or serpentine conductor sections, the surface having legs extending therefrom that form part of the current supply terminals and that also serve for securing the emitter. Each of these legs has a portion with a longitudinal electrical resistance that is elevated compared to that of the conductor sections, such that areas of maximum temperature migrate from the middle of the emitter to its edges as the heating current increases.

Abstract: The structure is an improvement to prevent thermal cycle damage to a braze joint in a magnetron filament assembly. The filament is welded to a molybdenum filament weld ring which, in turn, is brazed to a solid iron filament support cylinder. This braze joint is sometimes broken because of the different thermal expansion coefficients of molybdenum and iron, even though slots are formed in the molybdenum cylinder to reduce the stress. The improvement is the addition of a thin yieldable cylinder along the top outer edge of the iron support cylinder to which the molybdenum cylinder is brazed. This thin cylinder can be constructed by cutting an annular groove adjacent to the top outer edge of the iron support cylinder. The groove then forms the cylinder to which the weld ring is attached, and the thin iron cylinder yields with thermal stress and therefore relieves the stress on the adjacent braze joint.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a lamp vessel (1) in which a filament (3) is disposed substantially concentric with the longitudinal axis (2) of the lamp vessel (1). Current conductors (4) extend from the lamp vessel (1), an internal conductor (10) part of which is substantially concentrically with the axis (2) and has an end portion (11) having unround cross-sections (12). An end portion (6) of the filament (3) is wound onto the unround cross-sections (12) of a respective internal conductor (10) to constitute clamping windings (5). The lamp is of a simple construction to obtain reliably a concentrically mounted filament.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube is provided with an electron gun which comprises a cathode structure which contains an electron-emitting material at an end portion and in which a heating element of bifilarly wound wire is accommodated. Except in the vicinity of the ends of the wire, said wire is provided with an electrically insulating layer (46) whose radius decreases, near the transition between the covered wire and the uncovered ends, by at least 15%, preferably at least 30%. Preferably, the layer (46) having the reduced radius continues for at least 100 .mu.m in the direction of the transition (54). The distance between the transition (54) and the electric connection (61) is smaller than 250 .mu.m, preferably smaller than 150 .mu.m. As a result, the number of uncovered turns between the electric connection (61) and the transition (54) is reduced to below five.

Abstract: A metal halide headlamp comprising an electrode and a coil wrapping around said electrode to prevent the occurrence of cracks in a sealing portion, in which the diameter d.sub.0 of said electrode, the cross-section S of said electrode including said coil, the inner diameter ID of said coil, the pitch P of said coil, the distance L between an end of said coil and a metal foil, and the amount of metal halides with a NaI-to-ScI.sub.3 ratio are specifically limited. Thereby, the prior art problems, i.e., changes in the lamp characteristics, the degradation of durability, and so on, can be solved.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp comprises an envelope containing a fill and a substance for facilitating the starting of the lamp. An outer tube is secured to an outside portion of the envelope in proximity to the given region and an inner tube is disposed within the outer tube such that a fluid passageway is defined between an inner surface of the outer tube and an outer surface of the inner tube. A hollow retractable electrode is provided within the inner tube, the electrode having a first position in which its tip portion is in proximity to the given region of the envelope when the lamp is being started and a second position in which the tip portion is away from the envelope after the lamp is started. A source of cooling fluid is operably connected to the hollow electrode such that the cooling fluid is forced through the hollow electrode and exhausted through the fluid passageway.

Abstract: A unique cathode (30) for an ultraviolet discharge lamp (10) is described. The cathode includes a triple-coil wire, i.e., the wire has a primary coil (43), a secondary coil (41) wound around the primary coil and a tertiary coil (36) wound around the secondary coil. The interstices of the primary coil and secondary coil, but not the tertiary coil, are occupied by a crystalline oxide emitter material. Filling the primary and secondary coils of the triple coil cathode provides a cathode having a greater amount of emitter material than prior art. In addition, as the outer layer of the emitter material sputters away from bombardment by positive ions, the remaining emitter material is protected by the now-exposed portion of the coil wire which protrudes beyond the remaining emitter material. Thus, incoming positive ions are apt to strike the exposed wire, and not the remaining emitter material.

Abstract: A magnetron includes a cathode mount having a directly heated helical cathode filament for emitting thermoelectrons, an upper end shield and a lower end shield disposed so as to support the filament at upper and lower ends thereof, and center and side leads holding the upper and lower end shields respectively. The lower end shield is formed with a recess for housing the lower end of the directly heated helical cathode filament in the upper surface thereof, at least a portion of the inner wall of the recess is sloped, and a groove is formed at the peripheral edge of the bottom of the recess.

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp (4), in particular an incandescent halogen p, has a bulb or envelope (5), which is shaped as an ellipsoid or optionally ellipsoidlike (barrel-shaped body) and provided with an IR layer (8). Located inside the bulb (5) axially is a compact filament (2') of circular-cylindrical outer contour; the focal lines of the ellipsoid-like barrel-shaped body each coincide approximately with the last luminous winding on the two ends of the filament. This improves lamp efficiency. The compact filament is preferably in the form of a helical coil (2'), whose power supply lead (10b) remote from the seal is returned to inside the helical coil (2'), or is shaped like a double helix.

Abstract: The high pressure discharge lamp has electrodes which each have a wrapping of tungsten wire near the tip of the electrode rod. The electrode rod has unround cross-sections, formed by indentations and bulges. The tungsten wire, wrapped around the electrode rod, is in substantially circumferential contact with the unround cross-sections, thereby keeping the wire fixed to the rod.

Abstract: A cathode structure comprises at an end portion (1) an electron-emitting material (4) and a heating element (5) of wire (7), said cathode structure having a plurality of primary helical turns (8). These primary turns are used to form a first series of secondary turns (9) which are wound in a first direction with a pitch and which extend towards the end portion (1), and to form a second series of secondary turns (10) which extend from the end portion (1) and which have the opposite direction of winding yet the same pitch. Near the end portion (1), the first and second series of turns (9, 10) are interconnected by an arc-shaped connecting portion (12) having primary turns (8). This arc-shaped connecting portion (12) has a span S.sub.a and a rise r.sub.a, the ratio r.sub.a /S.sub.a preferably ranging from 0.3 to 0.5.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrode coils for discharge lamps having a coiled wire (1) which is wound around by a braiding wire (2). The coiled wire (1) has both turns (II) with an essentially circular cross-section and turns (I, III) with an oval cross-section. In order to produce the bar-shaped coil according to the invention, the unit comprising the coiled wire (1), the first core wire (3) and the braiding wire (2) is wound around a second core wire (4) which is flattened in places. Unrolling of the braiding wire (2) is prevented thereby. Production of the coil is cost-effective, since only two core wires are required and the coil ends are not fused.

Abstract: An improved coiled-coil filament for use in an incandescent lamp has a primary coil winding with a substantially uniform spacing between successive coil turns. The primary coil winding is wound around a second mandrel in a manner to provide a main coil body and leg portions extending therefrom. A helical bend is formed between the main coil body and the leg portions thereby allowing that the leg portions extend toward a seal region of the lamp envelope in a substantially parallel relation to each other. Once the main coil body has been set in shape, the first and second mandrels are removed such that the leg portions are disposed in the seal region of the lamp envelope in a spaceless, and optional spudless manner.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp unit has a phosphor coated bulb of which first and second sealed end portions. A pair of filaments is disposed in the bulb. The filament contains an emitter for enhancing thermionic emission of electrons therefrom and is caused to be cut off by the self-generated heat when the emitter is substantially dissipated. The lamp device has an inverter circuit containing a resonant capacitor disposed between each one end of the filament coils to pass a resonant current through the capacitor during the operation of the lamp. The filament coil is substantially composed of a tungsten wire having a diameter corresponding to 8 MG though 12 MG and is normally operated with a lamp current ranging from 250 mA to 350 mA. The filament coil has a cold resistance ranging from 2 .OMEGA. to 4 .OMEGA. and an output voltage of the inverter circuit exhibits more than 260 volts when the fluorescent lamp is substituted by a resistor having 5 .OMEGA..

Abstract: To reduce flicker in low-power, high-pressure discharge lamps, the electrs, in the region in which they face each other, have wrap windings, of about 2 to 4 turns wrapped thereabout and the terminal end of the electrode has an essentially spherical end head element (19, 19', 39) melted thereon, which essentially spherical head element may be a segment of a sphere, ellipsoid-shaped or similarly formed. The electrode shaft, the wrap winding and the sphere preferably are all made of undoped tungsten, although the electrode shaft may be of a lower melting metal, such as rhenium.

Abstract: This invention relates to an indirectly-heated cathode heater structure comprising a heat generation section disposed inwardly of an upper portion of a sleeve for generating heat to emit thermions at an electron gun of a cathode ray tube, the heat generation section having a given calorific value being formed to have a length 25.about.33 % of the length of the sleeve, whereby heat loss at a lower portion of the sleeve during heating operation of the heater may be minimized, resulting in improving an overshoot rate of the heater.

Abstract: A heater coil for an electron tube includes a spiral wire which is double wound to be cylindrical, and a connection wire which is formed on an upper face of the spiral wire in a horizontal plane. The connection wire is shaped to have at least two bent portions on the same plane.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp with a thermally improved anode, as well as a method of making such a lamp, are disclosed. The lamp includes a refractory arc tube with a hermetically sealed arc chamber, a fill in the arc chamber for facilitating light generation, and an anode and a cathode extending into the hermetically sealed arc chamber and being spaced apart from each other. The anode comprises a shank of refractory metal, a cylindrically shaped refractory metal sleeve on a portion of the shank, and an end proximally facing the cathode. The anode end comprises a substantially solid mass of refractory metal, and is integrally joined to both the shank and the metal sleeve to facilitate heat flow from the anode end to the shank and sleeve. The anode end preferably is generally shaped as a hemisphere facing the cathode. The refractory metal sleeve is preferably one or more layers of a helically wound refractory metal wire having an outer diameter more than twice a diameter of the shank.

Abstract: A cathode arrangement for emitting electrons includes an electrode-conductive emission body that defines an emission surface from which the electrons propagate. A slit pattern is cut into the emission body for dividing the emission body into a current path. Two spaced apart conductive terminals on the emission body connect opposite ends of the current path for carrying current along the emission body that is used to heat the emission body by Joule heat.

Abstract: In a mercury vapor arc discharge tube having a pair of electrodes, an emissive material disposed on the electrodes consists essentially of a single phase compound of Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x Y.sub.2 O.sub.4 where x is from about 0.25 to about 0.95.