Abstract: The improved cathode sub-assembly includes a solid cylindrical cathode of tungsten, a cylindrical holder concentric to the cathode with an internal radially directed rib receiving one end of the cathode, and a cylindrical reflector threadably mounted within the holder in circumferentially spaced relation to the cathode. The holder is threadably mounted in a support plate to be able to be readily removed for servicing and/or replacement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell stimulation device capable of uniformly electrically stimulating cells intended to be electrically stimulated, and of preventing medium components from decomposing and depositing. [Solution] The cell stimulation device according to the present invention is intended to stimulate the cells being cultured in a culture medium, and is characterized in that the cell stimulation device includes an electron emission element for feeding electric charges to the culture medium via a gas phase, and an electric charge collecting electrode for collecting the electric charges from the culture medium, the electron emission element includes a lower electrode, a surface electrode, and an intermediate layer disposed between the lower electrode and the surface electrode, and the electric charge collecting electrode is disposed so as to be contactable with the culture medium.

Abstract: Provided is a fine conductive particle that can be produced by a simple method, can impart excellent conductivity (in particular, conductivity in the thickness direction) to a cured article when incorporated in a small amount into the cured article, and allows the cured article to exhibit excellent transparency and conductivity. The conductive fiber-coated particle includes a particulate substance and a fibrous conductive substance. The particulate substance is coated with the fibrous conductive substance. In the conductive fiber-coated particle, the fibrous conductive substance preferably includes a conductive nanowire. More preferably, the conductive nanowire preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal nanowires, semiconductor nanowires, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymer nanowires.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizer. The polarizer includes a base layer and a wire grid layer which is disposed on the base layer and which include a plurality of wire metal patterns extending along a first direction and spaced apart from each other along a second direction crossing the first direction, wherein the wire grid layer is made of an aluminum (Al) alloy containing nickel (Ni) and lanthanum (La).

Abstract: A method for firing a green honeycomb ceramic body including heating the green honeycomb ceramic body from room temperature to a first temperature of less than or equal to about 350° C. with at least one heating rate of greater than or equal to about 80° C./hr. The green honeycomb ceramic body may be heated from the first temperature to a second temperature of greater than or equal to about 800° C. at a heating rate of greater than or equal to about 90° C./hr. The green honeycomb ceramic body may be heated from the second temperature to a third temperature of greater than or equal to about 1000° C. The green honeycomb ceramic body may include aluminum raw materials for forming an aluminum titanate ceramic body.

Abstract: A method for firing a green honeycomb ceramic body including heating the green honeycomb ceramic body from room temperature to a first temperature of about 300° C. The green honeycomb ceramic body is then heated from the first temperature to a second temperature of greater than or equal to about 800° C. at a heating rate of greater than or equal to about 90° C./hr. The green honeycomb ceramic body may have a diameter of from greater than or equal to about 4.0 inches to less than or equal to about 9.0 inches, and it may include a carbon-based pore former in a concentration of from greater than or equal to about 10% to less than or equal to about 45% by weight.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described herein for nanostructure field emission cathode structures and methods of making these structures. These structures generally comprise an electrode field emitter comprising a resistive layer having a first surface, a connection pad having a first surface disposed adjacent to the first surface of the resistive layer, and a nanostructure element for emitting electrons in use, the nanostructure element being disposed adjacent to a second surface of the connection pad that is opposite the first surface of the connection pad. Some embodiments also include a coaxial gate electrode that is disposed about the nanostructure element.

Abstract: Components for use in vacuum electron devices are fabricated from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and exhibit excellent thermal conductivity, low sputtering rates, and low ion erosion rates as compared to conventional components made from copper or molybdenum. HOPG can be reliably brazed by carefully controlling tolerances, calculating braze joint material volume, and applying appropriate compression during furnace operations. The resulting components exhibit superior thermal performance and enhanced resistance to ion erosion and pitting.

Abstract: A transparent electrode for a display device includes a nanocarbon material and a dopant comprising at least one of aluminum, alumina, palladium, and gold. In some embodiments, the transparent electrode has excellent transparency and low resistance.

Abstract: A thermal management apparatus includes an electrohydrodynamic fluid accelerator in which an emitter electrode and another electrode are energizable to motivate fluid flow. One of the electrodes includes a solid solution formed of a solvent metal having a first performance characteristic and a solute material having a second performance characteristic. The first and second performance characteristics are exhibited substantially independently in the electrode as the solvent metal and solute material remain substantially pure within the solid solution. A method of making an EHD product includes providing an electrode with such a solid solution and positioning the electrode relative to another electrode to motivate fluid flow when energized.

Abstract: A short arc type discharge lamp includes a cathode and an anode arranged inside an arc tube to face each other. The cathode comprises a main body portion made of tungsten and an emitter portion made of thoriated tungsten that is joined at the tip of the main body portion, where a metal oxide other than thorium (Th) is contained in the main body portion of the cathode, and a tungsten carbide layer is formed on the metal oxide.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode body that comprises a cylindrical cup 30 as a base member, a barrier layer 303 provided on a surface of the cylindrical cup 30 and containing SiC, and a film formed on a surface of the barrier layer 303 and containing a boride of a rare earth element and that can prevent interdiffusion of a constituent element of the base member and the boride.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a PDP front electrode by applying a particular type of photopolymerizable black paste, drying the black paste, and applying a particular type of photopolymerizable white paste on top of the dried black paste.

Abstract: A reflective electrode (2) includes an aluminum alloy layer (2a) and an aluminum oxide layer (2b) arranged on or above a substrate and is directly connected to a transparent pixel electrode (3) without the interposition of a barrier metal layer. The aluminum alloy layer contains 0.1 to 2 atomic percent of nickel or cobalt and 0.1 to 2 atomic percent of lanthanum. The aluminum oxide layer has a ratio [O]/[Al] of the number of oxygen atoms [O] to the number of aluminum atoms [Al] of 0.30 or less. The aluminum oxide layer has a thickness in its thinnest portion of 10 nm or less. The reflective electrode has a high reflectance and a low contact resistance, even when subjected to a heat treatment at a low temperature of 100° C. or higher but 300° C. or lower. The reflective electrode also has excellent thermal stability and does not cause defects such as hillocks.

Abstract: A planar electrode for the DBD plasma treatment of a surface comprises a metal casing (8) raised to a high voltage and provided with an active part (2) intended to be placed in parallel with a surface to be treated (27). This active part (2) is covered on the outside by a sheet (4) of dielectric material to which it is fixed by a polymer layer (6). The internal face of the active part (2) forms with the metal casing (8) a heat exchanger connected to a secondary cooling circuit (34) through which a refrigerant (10) circulates.

Abstract: Components for use in vacuum electron devices are fabricated from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and exhibit excellent thermal conductivity, low sputtering rates, and low ion erosion rates as compared to conventional components made from copper or molybdenum. HOPG can be reliably brazed by carefully controlling tolerances, calculating braze joint material volume, and applying appropriate compression during furnace operations. The resulting components exhibit superior thermal performance and enhanced resistance to ion erosion and pitting.

Abstract: An electrode for a high-pressure discharge lamp may include a shaft and a head mounted thereon, wherein at least a section of the head includes ceramic material, wherein the ceramic material is a boride or carbide.

Abstract: An electrode having a gas discharge function, where the degree of freedom related to a maximum gas flow rate is abundant, an electrode cover member may be thinned, and a change of a gas behavior according to time is difficult to be generated in a processing chamber during gas introduction. The electrode includes: a base material having a plurality of gas holes; and an electrode cover member having a plurality of gas holes respectively corresponding to the plurality of gas holes of the base material in a one-to-one manner, fixed to the base material, and disposed facing a processing space in which the object is plasma-processed, wherein a gas hole diameter of the electrode cover member is larger than a gas hole diameter of the base material.

Abstract: A cathode sub-assembly is comprised of a retainer, a cathode and a collar, each of which has smooth unthreaded surfaces that slidably engage each other. A shield serves to hold the sub-assembly in a support plate. The cathode projects from the sub-assembly into an arc chamber with a tortuous path created therebetween for passage of a plasma flow.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a transparent electrode with excellent optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and surface smoothness and is capable of providing lightness in weight and flexibility, comprising a transparent conductive layer on a transparent substrate, wherein the transparent conductive layer contains a conductive fiber and a transparent conductive material, the surface of the transparent conductive layer is composed of the conductive fiber and the transparent conductive material, and the smoothness (Ry) of the surface of the transparent conductive layer is greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm; and a production method of same, and the present invention may provide a light emitting element with excellent uniformity of light emission.

Abstract: A spark plug, center electrode and method of construction is provided. The spark plug has a generally annular ceramic insulator and a conductive shell surrounding at least a portion of the ceramic insulator. A ground electrode is operatively attached to the shell, with the ground electrode having a ground electrode sparking surface. A center electrode has an elongate body with a center electrode sparking surface. The center electrode sparking surface and the ground electrode sparking surface provide a spark gap. The center electrode body is constructed of a composite material including at least one ceramic material.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission lamp generally includes the steps of: (a) providing a cathode emitter; (b) providing a transparent glass tube having a carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and a fluorescent layer, wherein the carbon nanotube transparent conductive film and the fluorescent layer are both disposed on an inner surface of the transparent glass tube; (c) providing a first glass feedthrough, a second glass feedthrough, and a nickel pipe, wherein the first glass feedthrough has an anode down-lead pad and an anode down-lead pole connected to the anode down-lead pad, and the second glass feedthrough has a cathode down-lead pole; (d) securing the nickel pipe to one end of the cathode emitter and securing the other end of the cathode emitter to one end of the cathode down-lead pole of the second glass feedthrough; and (e) melting and assembling the first and second glass feedthroughs to ends of the transparent glass tube respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a transparent electrode with excellent optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and surface smoothness and is capable of providing lightness in weight and flexibility, comprising a transparent conductive layer on a transparent substrate, wherein the transparent conductive layer contains a conductive fiber and a transparent conductive material, the surface of the transparent conductive layer is composed of the conductive fiber and the transparent conductive material, and the smoothness (Ry) of the surface of the transparent conductive layer is greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm; and a production method of same, and the present invention may provide a light emitting element with excellent uniformity of light emission.

Abstract: A low work function electrode is provided for use in thin film electronic devices. The low work function electrode for use in thin file electronic devices. The low work function electrode comprises a LCE comprising a conductive ceramic material comprising a low work function conductive ceramic material (LCM) and at least one higher work conductive material (HCM) having a higher work function than the LCM. The combination of the LCM and the HCM provides an effective work function of the LCE.

Abstract: A reflective electrode (2) includes an aluminum alloy layer (2a) and an aluminum oxide layer (2b) arranged on or above a substrate and is directly connected to a transparent pixel electrode (3) without the interposition of a barrier metal layer. The aluminum alloy layer contains 0.1 to 2 atomic percent of nickel or cobalt and 0.1 to 2 atomic percent of lanthanum. The aluminum oxide layer has a ratio [O]/[Al] of the number of oxygen atoms [O] to the number of aluminum atoms [Al] of 0.30 or less. The aluminum oxide layer has a thickness in its thinnest portion of 10 nm or less. The reflective electrode has a high reflectance and a low contact resistance, even when subjected to a heat treatment at a low temperature of 100° C. or higher but 300° C. or lower. The reflective electrode also has excellent thermal stability and does not cause defects such as hillocks.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a multilayer electrode (3), acid etching thereof and also organic light-emitting devices incorporating it. The multilayer electrode, known as a lower electrode for an organic light-emitting device (10), successively comprises:—a contact layer (31) based on a metal oxide and/or a metal nitride; a functional metallic layer (32) having intrinsic electrical conductivity properties; a thin blocking layer (32) directly on the functional layer, the layer comprising a metallic layer having a thickness less than or equal to 5 nm and/or a layer with a thickness less than or equal to 10 nm, which is based on a substoichiometric metal oxide, substoichiometric metal oxynitride or substoichiometric metal nitride; a coating comprising an overlayer based on a metal oxide (34) for adapting the work function.

Abstract: A method of producing a cathode for use in an x-ray tube assembly is provided including machining an emission aperture into a cup emission surface portion of a cup structure. The cup structure is comprised of a cup base portion opposite the cup emissions surface portion. Electro-discharge machining is used to form an electro-discharge machining slot into the cup structure to provide access to the interior of the cup structure. Electro-discharge machining is used to form a transverse coil chamber within the interior by way of the electro-discharge machining slot such that the transverse coil chamber is formed between the cup base portion and the cup emissions surface portion while retaining an essentially contiguous emissions surface perimeter surrounding the emission aperture.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image display device in which it is possible to obtain an image display of high brightness and high contrast by preventing the halation which may be generated in a peripheral portion of a display image. By providing a carbon film which attenuates the reentry of secondary electrons, which are generated when electron beams impinge on an anodes, to a back surface of the anode, even when primary electrons impinge on the anode, the secondary electrons are hardly emitted from the anode. At the same time, a trace amount of emitted secondary electrons are mainly formed of electrons having a small energy. Hence, these emitted secondary electrons are scattered and hardly reenter the anode.

Abstract: Cathode unit for installation in a fluorescent tube body (3) belonging to a fluorescent tube (1), which cathode unit (5) comprises a cathode screen (15a, 15, 15?-15??) which partially surrounds an electrode (9) which is electrically insulated from the said cathode screen (15), a power supply device (11) arranged to make an electrical connection between the said electrode (9) and a contact (13), the said cathode screen (15a, 15 , 15?-15??) comprising a first end (19) facing towards the discharge, which first end (19) comprises a central opening (21), and a second end (39) facing towards the said contact (13). The first end (19) of the cathode screen (15a, 15, 15?-15??) is designed with a rounded-off part (25) in order to facilitate the insertion of the cathode unit (5) in the said fluorescent tube body (3).

Abstract: A flat-type display device is provided. The flat-type panel display includes a cathode panel having a plurality of electron emitter areas formed on a support; and an anode panel having formed on a substrate a plurality of fluorescent regions and an anode electrode covering at least the fluorescent regions, in which the cathode panel and the anode panel are joined together at their edges with a joint member in between. In the display device, the anode panel has formed on the anode electrode an electron absorbing layer for absorbing electrons from any one of the fluorescent regions and the anode electrode or both, and the anode panel has an adhesion improving layer formed between the anode electrode and the electron absorbing layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate, first and second carbon films laid with a first gap in between on the surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first carbon film and to the second carbon film, respectively. In the electron-emitting device, a narrowest gap portion between the first carbon film and the second carbon film in the first gap is located above a surface of the substrate and the substrate has a depressed portion, at least, in the first gap.

Abstract: An EL element includes a) an outer connecting part, b) a substrate comprising a light-transmitting and insulating sheet, c) a light-transmitting electrode layer formed on the substrate wholly or except the outer connecting part in a specific pattern, d) a light emitting layer formed on the light-transmitting electrode layer in a specific pattern, e) a dielectric layer formed on the light emitting layer in a specific pattern, f) a backside electrode layer formed on the dielectric layer in a specific pattern, g) an insulating layer formed on the backside electrode layer and the light-transmitting electrode layer except the outer connecting part, and h) a shielding layer formed on the insulating layer in a specific pattern. The light-transmitting electrode layer or the backside electrode layer is coupled with the shielding layer. The EL element is thus arranged so that it can have its outer connecting part of a reduced size, and so that coupling with the electronic device becomes easy.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for an electron source, a method for producing the same, and an electronic tube using the same which provide a decreased thickness of an electron emitting source, and an improved current distribution percentage. The electronic tube comprises a substrate, an electron emitting source area formed on the substrate, and a shield area around the electron emitting area. The shield area is formed of a material that does not produce an electron emitting source, when the electron emitting source is produced by a dry method. As a result, if a space between an electron drawing electrode and the electrode for the electron source is narrow, the percentage of anode current increases in the total current, thereby improving the current distribution percentage.

Abstract: A charged particle apparatus, with multiple electrically conducting semispheric grid electrodes, the grid electrodes mounted in a dielectric mounting ring, with hidden areas or regions to maintain electrical isolation between the grid electrodes as sputter deposits form on the grid electrodes and mounting ring. The grid electrodes are mounted to the mounting ring with slots and fastening pins that allow sliding thermal expansion and contraction between the grid electrodes and mounting ring while substantially maintaining alignment of grid openings and spacing between the grid electrodes. Asymmetric fastening pins facilitate the sliding thermal expansion while restraining the grid electrodes. Electrical contactors supply and maintain electrical potentials of the grid electrodes with spring loaded sliding contacts, without substantially affecting the thermal characteristics of the grid electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tungsten electrode which causes minimal cracking when sealed in a quartz glass envelope. The invention includes forming a substantially uniform oxide coating on a selected portion of the shank of a tungsten electrode followed by reducing the oxide coating to substantially elemental tungsten, wherein the electrode exhibits superior properties when sealed in a lamp having a quartz glass envelope. The invention also includes the electrode made by the process.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury-vapor discharge lamp has a discharge vessel with a filling of mercury and an inert gas. Electrodes in the discharge space have electrode shields, which operate at temperatures above 450° C. An inner surface of the electrode shield may have a heat-absorbing coating, for example a carbon film. The electrode shield may be supported by a support wire, at least a part of which is made from stainless steel. A lamp according to the invention has comparatively low mercury consumption.

Abstract: There is provided a cathode which is easily operable, harmless, and stable at high temperature at least 1,400° C. as well as excellent in electron emission characteristics at the same time, and the process for preparing the same. The cathode of the present invention comprises a polycrystalline substance or a polycrystalline porous substance of high-melting point metal material and an emitter material dispersed into said polycrystalline substance or polycrystalline porous substance in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight in the cathode, wherein the emitter material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide and titanium oxide.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp which includes a light-transmitting air-tight discharge container, an electrode formed of tungsten as a main component and fixedly sealed in the discharge container, and a discharge medium containing a halide of a light emitting metal and sealed in the discharge container. The surface of the electrode is defined as follows. That is, the average value of center line average roughness Ra of the surface, is set to 0.3 &mgr;m or less, or the average value of the center line average roughness Rz of the surface of the electrode, is set to 1.0 &mgr;m or less, or the average value of the surface area increasing rate of the surface of the electrode is set to 1.0% or less.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate, first and second carbon films laid with a first gap in between on the surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first carbon film and to the second carbon film, respectively. In the electron-emitting device, a narrowest gap portion between the first carbon film and the second carbon film in the first gap is located above a surface of the substrate and the substrate has a depressed portion, at least, in the first gap.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silicon electrode plate including silicon single crystal used as an upper electrode in a plasma etching apparatus wherein concentration of interstitial oxygen contained in the silicon electrode plate is not less than 5×1017 atoms/cm3 and not more than 1.5×1018 atoms/cm3, and the silicon electrode plate wherein nitrogen concentration in the silicon electrode plate is not less than 5×1013 atoms/cm3 and not more than 5×1015 atoms/cm3. There can be provided a silicon electrode plate consisting of silicon single crystal used as an upper electrode in a plasma etching apparatus wherein problems due to adhesion of impurities such as heavy metal or the like can be prevented.

Abstract: A high frequency operation fluorescent lamp which can reduce a possibility of over-heat damage of a flare stem at the end of its life. In the lamp, a pair of intermediate lead wires are passed through the flare stem at each end of a light emitting envelope, and an insulator is provided to cover a top of the flare stem.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp which includes a light-transmitting air-tight discharge container, an electrode formed of tungsten as a main component and fixedly sealed in the discharge container, and a discharge medium containing a halide of a light emitting metal and sealed in the discharge container. The surface of the electrode is defined as follows. That is, the average value of center line average roughness Ra of the surface, is set to 0.3 &mgr;m or less, or the average value of the center line average roughness Rz of the surface of the electrode, is set to 1.0 &mgr;m or less, or the average value of the surface area increasing rate of the surface of the electrode is set to 1.0% or less.

Abstract: The fabrication of activated carbon based supercapacitors. In particular, a monolithic activated carbon plate or honeycomb electrodes (4, 6 and 8) made by extrusion, molding, or casting is described. The carbon monolithic plates or honeycombs are fabricated from synthetic carbon precursor and active ingredient leading to superior electrical properties.

Abstract: Electron emission materials consisting of carbides, borides, and oxides, and related mixtures and compounds, of Group IVB metals Hf, Zr, and Ti, Group IIA metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, and Group IIIB metals Sc, Y, and lanthanides La through Lu are used in electrodes. The electron emission materials include ternary Group IVB-IIIB, IVB-IIA, and IIIB-IIA oxides and quaternary Group IVB-IIIB-IIA oxides. These electron emission materials are typically contained in a refractory metal matrix formed of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, rhenium, and their alloys, but may also be used by themselves. These materials and electrodes have high melting points, low vapor pressures, low work functions, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and high thermionic electron emission and field emission properties.

Abstract: A composite glow discharge lamp having an elongated glass tube, in which an electrode assembly is located in said elongated glass tube at each of opposite ends thereof, the electrode assembly comprising a center electrode for emitting electrons and a glow electrode surrounding the center electrode, and the glow electrode being formed of an enclosure having an opening and a closed bottom and laid so that the opening faces the opposite end of the glass tube which is near thereto, and the closed bottom faces the longitudinally middle part of the glass tube, thereby it is possible to prevent blackening of the glass tube, and to prolong the use life of the composite discharge lamp.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp system includes a housing and an external base connector mounted in the housing. The external base connector receives electrical power from an external source. A ballast unit is secured within the housing and is electrically connected to the external base connector. The ballast unit controls the electrical power received from the external source. A lamp unit defines an interior volume. The lamp unit includes first and second lamp electrodes extending into the lamp unit. The lamp unit contains a gas which breaks-down permitting electrical current to pass through the lamp unit. An interior of the lamp unit is coated with a material which fluoresces when the gas within the sealed lamp unit ionizes. An electrically conductive hollow cylinder is located within the interior volume. A breakdown voltage path within the lamp unit is modified by the electrically conductive hollow cylinder.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a field emission display is provided comprising: an anode; a phosphor screen located on the anode; a cathode; an evacuated space between the anode and the cathode; an emitter located on the cathode opposite the phosphor; wherein the emitter comprises an electropositive element both in a body of the emitter and on a surface of the emitter. According to another aspect of the invention a process for manufacturing an FED is provided comprising the steps of: forming an emitter comprising an electropositive element in the body of the tip; positioning the emitter in opposing relation to a phosphor display screen; creating an evacuated space between the emitter tip and the phosphor display screen; and causing the electropositive element to migrate to the an emission surface of the emitter.

Abstract: Electron emission materials consisting of carbides, borides, and oxides, and related mixtures and compounds, of Group IVB metals Hf, Zr, and Ti, Group IIA metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, and Group IIIB metals Sc, Y, and lanthanides La through Lu are used in electrodes. The electron emission materials include ternary Group IVB-IIIB and IVB-IIA oxides. These electron emission materials are typically contained in a refractory metal matrix formed of tungsten, tantalum, rhenium, and their alloys, but may also be used by themselves. These materials and electrodes have high melting points, low vapor pressures, low work functions, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and high thermionic electron emission and field emission properties.

Abstract: An electron emission device can be driven with a low voltage and has an excellent mass production capability. A display device, such as a color flat panel or the like, which uses such electron emission devices has an excellent display quality. The electron emission device includes a first electrode, on which a plurality of fine particles of an electron emission body obtained by terminating carbon bodies formed on metal fine particles, serving as nuclei, with a low-work-function material via oxygen are partially arranged, on a first substrate, and a second electrode where a voltage for drawing electrons from the electron emission body into a vacuum is applied. A metal of the metal fine particles is a catalytic metal. The catalytic metal is an iron-family element, such as Ni, Co, Fe or the like, or a platinum-family element, such as Pd, Ir or Pt. The carbon bodies are made of graphite. The low-work-function material is an alkaline metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: An electron emission device exhibits a high electron emission efficiency. The device includes an electron supply layer of metal or semiconductor, an SiO.sub.2 insulator layer formed on the electron supply layer, and a thin-film metal electrode formed on the insulator layer. The peak intensity ratio of a Raman spectrum for 3-fold rings of SiO.sub.2 of the insulator layer to 4-fold rings or 5 or more-fold rings thereof is equal to or greater than 20%. When an electric field is applied between the electron supply layer and the thin-film metal electrode, the electron emission device emits electrons.