Abstract: A camera objective lens for an endoscope has an object-side first prism and an image-side second prism, a first lens system arranged on the object side of the first prism and a second lens system arranged on the image side of the first prism, and a sensor surface arranged at the image-side end of the camera objective lens parallel to the longitudinal axis of an endoscope shaft of the endoscope. The first prism and the second prism are designed to cause a first to third beam deflection as a three-fold beam deflection. The first lens system includes a biconcave first lens, a biconvex second lens, a third lens formed as a rod lens, a plane-concave fourth lens and a biconvex fifth lens in this order as viewed from the object side. The second lens system includes a convex-plane sixth lens, a seventh lens formed as a meniscus lens, a biconvex eighth lens and a biconcave ninth lens in this order as viewed from the object side.

Abstract: Semitransparent chalcogen solar cells and techniques for fabrication thereof are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a solar cell includes: forming a first transparent contact on a substrate; depositing an n-type layer on the first transparent contact; depositing a p-type chalcogen absorber layer on the n-type layer, wherein a p-n junction is formed between the p-type chalcogen absorber layer and the n-type layer; depositing a protective interlayer onto the p-type chalcogen absorber layer, wherein the protective interlayer fully covers the p-type chalcogen absorber layer; and forming a second transparent contact on the interlayer, wherein the interlayer being disposed between the p-type chalcogen absorber layer and the second transparent contact serves to protect the p-n junction during the forming of the second transparent contact. Solar cells and other methods for formation thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A color separation prism includes a filter, a first prism, a second prism, and a third prism. The first prism allows incidence of light transmitted through the filter, and the first reflective film reflects a first color component of the visible light and a part of the invisible light, among the light beams incident on the first prism. The second prism emits the light reflected by a second reflective film, and the second reflective film reflects the second color component of the visible light and a part of the invisible light, among the light beams incident on the second prism. The third prism emits the light transmitted through the second reflective film. The first reflective film and the second reflective film allocate the invisible light and the visible light emitted from each prism so as to obtain approximately uniform amount of the light.

Abstract: An optical spectrometer may include an optical filter including a plurality of filter layers formed on a base substrate. The filter layers may include a perovskite material and at least two filter layers among the plurality of filter layers may include perovskite materials having different composition ratios from each other. The filter layers may show respective band-gap characteristics in different optical wavelength ranges from each other, in an optical absorption spectrum and/or an optical transmission spectrum.

Abstract: A camera system includes a mosaic optical color filter array, which includes a plurality of repeating unit cells that enforce spectral consistency and spatial uniformity. Each repeating unit cell of the plurality of repeating unit cells satisfies a minimum focal-plane array perimeter criterion and a minimum perimeter to area ratio criterion. The spatial arrangement of bands within the repeating unit cell minimizes inter-band correlation between nearest neighbors. The camera system further includes as short-wave infrared detector optically coupled to the mosaic optical color filter array. Optionally, the mosaic optical color filter array includes at least five spectral bands. The plurality of repeating unit cells includes the at least five spectral bands.

Abstract: The image processing device performs noise removal processing for an input image. The image processing device comprises a filter setting unit configured to set first and second filter factors by using a first target pixel value of a noise processing target pixel to be targeted to the processing and a reference pixel value of a plurality of reference pixels surrounding the noise processing target pixel and a noise removal unit configured to calculate a corrected pixel value by sequentially adding a luminance component of the reference pixel value weighted with the first filter factor and sequentially adding a chroma component of the reference pixel value weighted with the second filter factor, and remove noise of the noise processing target pixel by using the corrected pixel value. The input image has pixel values according to Bayer pattern format.

Abstract: The electronic camera has an imaging device that images a subject with subject reflectance R (%) with a dynamic range wider than that at displaying or printing to acquire image data and a recording device that converts the image data acquired by the imaging device with a predetermined function and records the converted image data and the information on the function as digital values (digit). Therefore, a printed image with an automatically or manually corrected density can be obtained at the displaying or the printing.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device includes a display panel including a plurality of display units displaying a same image, and a microlens array including a plurality of microlens elements disposed on top of a light emitting surface of the display panel. The plurality of microlens elements are one-to-one corresponding to the plurality of display units, and a distance between a center of the microlens element and a center of the corresponding display unit gradually increases from a center of the display panel to an edge of the display panel.

Abstract: A luminaire comprises a light fixture that includes a housing. The housing includes a light emitting diode (LED) light source and a back wall that has a first surface shape. The luminaire further comprises a mounting system that includes a surface mounting bracket, or a tie rod that has a first end that includes a plurality of teeth. The mounting system also includes a mounting plate rotatably coupled to the surface mounting bracket or to the tie rod. The mounting plate is coupled to the back wall of the housing. The mounting plate has a second surface shape, where the first surface shape and the second surface shape are substantially the same.

Abstract: A chromium oxide film is formed so as to continuously connect an anode and a grid electrode, and an insulating member for insulating those electrodes. A chromium oxide film is formed so as to continuously connect a grid electrode and a grid electrode, and an insulating member for insulating those electrodes. With use of the chromium oxide films, no intermittent discharge phenomenon occurs between the insulating member and the anode, and between the insulating member and the grid electrodes.

Abstract: A filter layer for a display and a method of preparing the filter layer, and a display including the filter layer, are provided. The filter layer for a display includes oxide particles and nano-sized metal particulates adhered to the surface of the oxide particles. A surface plasma resonance (SPR) phenomenon is triggered at the interface of the oxide/metal to selectively absorb light of at least one predetermined wavelength.

Abstract: Disclosed is a product quality test in a winding step of the entire manufacturing process of a deflection yoke, which is a core part of a display device employing a cathode ray tube such as a color TV or a monitor, and in particular, a winding zig for measuring magnetic fields of a deflection yoke and a magnetic field measuring system of a deflection yoke using the winding zig.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film, an adhesive film, or a colored hard coat film for application to CRT or liquid crystal display devices to improve contrast and color purity, characterized in that the film contains a coloring matter; (1) a wavelength (X) of the maximum absorption peak of light in wavelengths of 540 to 630 nm is in the range of 560 to 610 nm; (2) a half band width of the maximum absorption peak of the light is not more than 80 nm; a value (Tx/T540), obtained by dividing a light transmittance (Tx) at the wavelength (X) by a light transmittance (T540) at a wavelength of 540 nm, is less than 0.80; a value (T620/T540), obtained by dividing a light transmittance (T620) at the wavelength of 620 nm by a light transmittance (T540) at a wavelength of 540 nm, is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5; and a value (T450/T540), obtained by dividing a light transmittance (T450) at the wavelength of 450 nm by a light transmittance (T540) at a wavelength of 540 nm, is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5.

Abstract: A CRT has an improved contrast with a provision of a filter layer where nano-sized metal particles are dispersed in a dielectric matrix to selectively absorb light in predetermined wavelengths, specifically wavelengths between peak wavelengths of primary colors emitted by phosphors coated on the inner surface of the face plate. The improved contrast is a result of the metal particles in a dielectric matrix resonating with particular wavelengths and thus absorbing them.

Abstract: The present invention provides an X-ray image detector (1) which can reduce the size of a whole apparatus associated with an X-ray imaging tube, reduce noise components of an output X-ray image even if an incident X-ray is very weak, and provide a distortion-free visible image or electric image.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement in image converter tubes that convert the X-ray image given by their input screen into a visible image. Stray glimmer develops on the insulators inside these tubes and the disclosure makes it possible to eliminate this glimmer by the deposition, on the insulators, of a thin layer of a product such as diamond-like carbon having a low secondary electron emission rate. Metal oxides are also suitable for this purpose. Application to image intensifiers.

Abstract: A photoemission apparatus includes a spatial light modulator (2) and an integral photoemitter (5). A lens array (1) focuses light through the spatial light modulator (2) onto the photoemitter. Electrons emitted by the photoemitter (5) are deflected electrostatically by electrodes (10) and are accelerated through a screening mesh (8) onto a phosphor screen (6). Light emitted by the screen (6) passes through a further lens array (7).

Abstract: An x-ray image intensifier tube includes at least an output section in which a borosilicate glass containing 0.01 to 5% by weight of cerium oxide is used as a glass substrate.

Abstract: An imaging tube having a fiber optic plate (FOP) as an output faceplate. On one surface of the FOP within an evacuated envelope is deposited a first transparent conductive layer. On the first transparent conductive layer is deposited a fluorescent layer. On the fluorescent layer is deposited a metal-back electrode. On the other surface of the FOP outside the evacuated envelope is deposited a second transparent conductive layer. The first transparent conductive layer and the metal-back electrode are electrically connected so that an electrical field is not developed across the fluorescent layer when the metal-back electrode is applied with a high positive voltage and the second transparent conductive layer is grounded. Therefore, even if leakage currents flow through the FOP, electric charges impinging upon the first transparent conductive layer will not cause the fluorescent layer to generate noise spots.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube having a face plate which includes a phosphor layer provided at the inner surface side of a glass plate and an optical interference filter provided between the phosphor layer and the inner surface of the plate. The optical interference filter is constituted by high- and low-refractive index layers. The outermost layer of the optical interference filter in contact with the phosphor layer is an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer or a ZrO.sub.2 layer having a physical thickness of 10 nm or more. The high-refractive index layer of the optical interference filter preferably consists of TiO.sub.2, and its low-refractive index layer preferably consists of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: An image intensifier tube has a faceplate formed of optical material. The outer surface of the faceplate has light receiving and light transmitting surfaces and a layer of a reduced metal oxide material for reducing stray light which is transmitted into the faceplate and reflected off of internal surfaces thereof. The layer has a blackened appearance and is formed by reducing the metal oxide of the faceplate material with hydrogen at a predetermined pressure and temperature to cause the blackening to reach a depth sufficient to reduce transmission of stray light therethrough.

Abstract: An optical system of a television camera comprises, according to the invention, arranged in the direction of the light flux on one optical axis, an objective composed of n elements and a faceplate of a television tube, a light-sensitive layer being located on the last, in the direction of the light flux, surface of said faceplate. The last, in the direction of the light flux, element of the objective has an optical power other than zero and is made as, for example, a concave-flat lens having its concavity facing the object. This last element is the faceplate (3) of the television tube (4).

Abstract: A picture taking tube is provided having a bias light device, said device being formed by a diffuser and a ring of light emitting diodes, which are placed about the glass vacuum enclosure of the tube, the light penetrating into the enclosure through gaps between the electrodes of the tube and also, if necessary, through small sized openings formed in these electrodes.

Abstract: Anti-veiling-glare glass input window for an optical device. The window has throughout a shallow surface layer over its peripheral surfaces radiation absorbent free-metal-induced color centers. A method for preparation of such a window, which is particularly suited to be used as an input window for an image intensifier, involves preshaping the window from clear glass and forming color centers in a shallow surface layer over at least the peripheral surfaces of the window. If the clear glass contains reduceable metal oxides the color centers are formed by subjecting at least the peripheral surfaces of the clear glass to a reducing atmosphere at a temperature high enough to cause the reducing atmospheres reducing component to diffuse into a shallow surface layer of the window and to reduce the metal oxides to free metal atoms.

Abstract: A color separation filter is formed through use of dyestuffs provided with monomolecular film forming properties in which molecules can be adsorbed by air-water interfaces and with patterning properties capable of forming patterns through exposure by ionizing radiations. A method of manufacturing a color separation filter comprises a step of forming monomolecular films of dyestuffs provided with monomolecular film forming properties and patterning properties, a step of piling a plurality of monomolecular films to form cumulative films and a step of patterning the cumulative films by radiating ionizing radiations to the cumulative films.

Abstract: An imaging tube particularly useful in providing a visible image corresponding to an incident infrared image in which a reflective photocathode is used to provide an electron image corresponding to the infrared image, and in which the incident image rays and the ultimate image rays move along different directions.

Abstract: A color separation filter arrangement for an image intensifier having separate blue, green and red filters which respectively have pass bands for visible blue light and its second order wavelengths, visible green light and its second order wavelengths, and visible red light. The blue, green and red filters are interposed individually in succession in the path of incident visible light and infrared energy to the photocathode of the image intensifier. Use of this color separation filter produces a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the image intensifier when it is used under night sky illumination.

Abstract: An objective, for example for a television camera, has a pinhole aperture (3) and an electronic image intensifier (5) arranged behind the aperture. The pinhole aperture gives extreme depth of field and the image intensifier has adequate gain to compensate for the low yield of the aperture. The aperture may be defined in an opaque layer deposited on a glass plate. The image intensifier may comprise a multichannel plate.

Abstract: An image pickup tube of high velocity electron beam scanning and negatively charging system having a target including, on a transparent substrate, at least a transparent conductive film, a photoconductive layer, a layer for emitting secondary electrons, and stripe electrodes. The transparent substrate may be made of amorphous silicon.

Abstract: A solid-state color imaging device carrying a micro-color filter which is reduced in its alkali metal ion content to a level of not more than 100 ppm is prepared through formation of a substrate of at least one colored resin layer of the micro-color filter using, as the substrate material, a water-soluble protein such as gelatin whose alkali metal ion content is not more than 20 ppm.

Abstract: A method for fabrication of an image pickup tube face plate structure comprises adhering a transparent glass sheet material having a thickness of about 40 to 80 microns to a color separation stripe-shaped filter formed on a face plate of the tube, and forming an optically polished surface on a top of the glass sheet while reducing the distance between the top and the stripe filter surface to about 40 microns or less.

Abstract: A television camera tube comprising, in an evacuated envelope, an electron gun to generate an electron beam which during operation of the tube is focused to form a spot on a photosensitive target. On the target, a potential distribution is formed by projecting an optical image on it. By scanning the target with an electron beam, signals corresponding to the optical image are produced. The target is scanned in a line deflection direction and a frame deflection direction. According to the invention, the spot has an elongate shape, which shape is determined by a line at the edge of the spot which interconnects points having the same current density. The shape of the electron spot is such that the ratio, k, between the lengths of the long and short axes of the spot is 1.4.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.2. The long axis of the spot divides the acute angle between the line deflection direction and the frame deflection direction in such manner that0.degree..ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.60.degree.,where .beta.

Abstract: Color filter arrays for color imaging devices are disclosed. The arrays are formed in a single layer of a transparent binder containing at least one cationic photo-bleachable dye. The layer has a thickness less than 10 microns, and the dye is present in the layer in an amount sufficient to impart a density to the layer of at least about 0.5 in that portion of the spectrum in which it selectivity absorbs. A method of making the arrays is also disclosed which includes the steps of (1) forming a layer of a transparent binder containing the photo-bleachable dye or dyes and a sensitizer; (2) exposing the layer to a pattern which represents a set of filter elements so as to photo-bleach the photo-bleachable dye; and (3) fixing the layer by leaching the sensitizer from the layer. In particularly preferred embodiments, the dyes are chosen so that those which absorb at longer wavelengths have a lower bleaching efficiency than those which absorb at shorter wavelengths.

Abstract: A shielded clear glass cathode substrate (44) is provided for use in an image intensifier tube of the type utilizing a clear glass cathode substrate (46). A black glass cathode substrate shield (48) is coextensive with the entire longitudinal surface of the clear glass cathode substrate (46). The black glass forming the black glass cathode substrate shield (48) has an index of refraction that is greater than the index of refraction of the clear glass utilized in the clear glass cathode substrate (46). A method is provided for producing a shielded glass cathode substrate from a mass of clear glass (52).

Abstract: A glass faceplate having a central area of required useful diameter surrounded by a narrow ring of opaque glass and an outer glass mounting flange. Light entering the flange or ring is prevented from reaching the central area as stray light or glare in the system and spurious reflections at the interface of the ring and central area are minimized by a refractive index match of the two innermost glasses.

Abstract: The optical cross talk in a camera tube is reduced by the provision of a filter element which overlaps the entire target. The filter may is be arranged behind the target and is constructed so that it has low reflectance for incoming light. In order to prevent excessive transverse conduction, such a filter has a mosaic structure consisting of mutually insulated areas.

Abstract: A patterned multi-layer structure for a stripe filter used for a photoelectric pickup tube, comprises a protective layer preventing a substrate from being etched by reactive sputter etching and a multi-layer optical filter formed on the protective layer patterned by reactive sputter etching into a stripe pattern.The etching rate of the protective layer by an etching gas agent is not greater than that of the multi-layer filter.

Abstract: In a television camera tube flare is reduced without introducing vignetting by using an antihalo plate. A contact surface of the plate with the tube's window is slightly larger than a frame which is described by the tube's electron beam on a photoconductive target inside the window. An entrance face of the plate has a diagonal or diameter which is slightly larger than the contact surface.

Abstract: Photocross-linkable, organic solvent-soluble polymers having a Tg greater than 200.degree. C. are disclosed. The polymers contain sufficient radiation-sensitive cross-linkable units to render the polymers insoluble in organic solvents on exposure to radiation to which the cross-linkable units are sensitive. Also disclosed are supports, particularly supports having a radiation-sensitive surface, having thereon a layer of the described photo-corss-linkable polymers. The polymers are capable of receiving heat-transferrable dyes and are useful in forming color filter arrays for solid-state imaging devices. A particularly convenient method of forming solid-state color imaging devices having a layer containing an array of color filters is also disclosed.

Abstract: A color imaging device which comprises an adhesive layer between (a) means for sensing radiation comprising a planar array of charge-handling semiconductive photosensors, and (b) superimposed filter means for controlling access of radiation to the sensing means comprising a transparent polymer layer capable of receiving dyes such as heat transferable dyes; the adhesive layer comprising a polyester selected from the group consisting of (1) polyesters having recurring carboxylate units of which at least 80 mole percent are terephthalate units, and recurring alkylene units derived from glycols of which at least 40 mole percent are ether alkylene units, with the proviso that either (a) the recurring alkylene units comprise at least 60 mole percent ether alkylene units or (b) either the recurring carboxylate units comprise at least 2 mole percent pyromellitic tetracarboxylate units or at least 10 mole percent of linear aliphatic dicarboxylate units having at least 8 carbon atoms, and that when at least 10 mole per

Abstract: A faceplate structure of a multi-color image pickup tube has a light transmitting thin glass plate, to which are bonded a rectangular color separating filter base plate deposited with a color separating stripe filter at the center of one surface of the thin glass plate with the color separating stripe filter opposing the thin glass plate, and a collar plate having a rectangular through hole for receiving therein the color separating filter base plate. On the other surface of the light transmitting thin glass plate are successively deposited a transparent electroconductive film and a photoconductive film. The faceplate structure is airtightly secured to one open end of an envelope of the image pickup tube with its other surface opposing the inside of the envelope.

Abstract: The optical cross-talk in a camera tube is reduced by the provision of a filter element which overlaps the entire target. The filter may be arranged in front of the photosensitive target and have a spectral transmission which is adapted to the spectral sensitivity of the target. The filter may also be arranged behind the target and preferably constructed so that it is also low-reflective for incoming light. In order to prevent excessive transverse conduction, such a filter may have a mosaic structure consisting of mutually insulated areas. Optical cross-talk may also be reduced by mounting the target on a support which is separately arranged in the camera tube and which has a small thickness.

Abstract: The invention relates to light biassed camera tube arrangements of the kind in which the light bias source within the overall outline of the tube envelope has one terminal connected to a heater pin in order to provide a source of power. The other terminal of the light bias source is connected to a lead extending to a terminal carried by a protecive end base cap for the tube and a removable disc is provided to fit between the base of the tube and a valve base into which the tube is plugged, the removable disc bearing circuitry and terminals provided to contact selected ones of the terminals carried by the protective end base cap so that the nature of the light bias provided may be selected.

Abstract: An improved color filter array comprises a transparent heat-transfer dye-receiving layer containing an array of filter elements wherein the dye-receiving layer is a certain polyester wherein at least 30 mole percent of the recurring units contain a saturated gem-bivalent radical having a saturated polycyclic three-dimensional structure that includes a saturated bicyclic atomic bridge hydrocarbon ring member. The improved dye-receiving layers provide filter elements with excellent edge sharpness. The improved color filter arrays are useful in color imaging devices, such as solid-state video cameras.

Abstract: A color imaging device is comprised of means for sensing radiation comprising a planar array of charge-handling semiconductor photosensors, preferably at least one of the photosensors having a radiation sensing area with at least one dimension less than about 100 microns, and superimposed thereon, filter means for controlling access of radiation to the sensing means. The filter means is in micro-registration with the array of photosensors and comprises a transparent mordant layer with a plurality of radiation intercepting means defining a planar array of filter elements. The filter area of each intercepting means contains at least one mordantable dye which absorbs radiation in at least one portion of the spectrum and transmits radiation in at least one other portion of the spectrum. The color imaging device comprises an interlaid pattern having at least two sets of intercepting means, the first set having a different radiation absorption and transmission characteristic from that of the second set.

Abstract: For obtaining an improved characteristic, particularly an improved after-image characteristic of image pickup tubes, a target of the tube is produced by at first forming a striped transparent conductive film on a substrate such that the angle formed between the surface of the substrate and the edges of cross-section of the film falls within a range below 20.degree., and then forming a photoconductive film on the striped transparent conductive film. In order to control the angle formed between the surface of the substrate and the side edges of cross-section of the transparent conductive film, at first a mask of a predetermined pattern is formed on the transparent conductive film with a posi-type photosensitive material, and is subjected to an ultraviolet ray. The mask is then heat treated so that the side edges of the mask may be suitably tapered. Finally, the transparent conductive film is formed by sputter etching.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope contains a photoconductive target at one end and a tubular anode electrode having light scattering properties. Light is uniformly reflected onto the target by the anode electrode from a light source mounted on the other end of the tube, outside the evacuated envelope. This uniform illumination tends to reduce build-up and decay lags at low level operating conditions. The light source is removably secured to the tube on a ceramic board incorporating an electric circuit connected to the light source for adjusting and controlling the bias light intensity.

Abstract: An improved color filter array comprises a transparent heat-transfer dye-receiving layer containing an array of filter elements wherein the dye-receiving layer is a certain polyester wherein at least 30 mole percent of the recurring units contain a saturated gem-bivalent radical having a saturated polycyclic three-dimensional structure that includes a saturated bicyclic atomic bridge hydrocarbon ring member. The improved dye-receiving layers provide filter elements with excellent edge sharpness. The improved color filter arrays are useful in color imaging devices, such as solid-state video cameras.

Abstract: A color imaging device which comprises an adhesive layer between (a) means for sensing radiation comprising a planar array of charge-handling semiconductive photosensors, and (b) superimposed filter means for controlling access of radiation to the sensing means comprising a transparent polymer layer capable of receiving dyes such as heat transferable dyes; the adhesive layer comprising a polyester selected from the group consisting of (1) polyesters having recurring carboxylate units of which at least 80 mole percent are terephthalate units, and recurring alkylene units derived from glycols of which at least 40 mole percent are ether alkylene units, with the proviso that either (a) the recurring alkylene units comprise at least 60 mole percent ether alkylene units or (b) either the recurring carboxylate units comprise at least 2 mole percent pyromellitic tetracarboxylate units or at least 10 mole percent of linear aliphatic dicarboxylate units having at least 8 carbon atoms, and that when at least 10 mole per

Abstract: In tubular incandescent lamps having an axially arranged double-coiled filament on each support is present on a single-coiled part between two double-coiled parts of the filament. The single-coiled parts and the double-coiled parts have the same inside diameter, which enables a simple method of production, and hence have a different outside diameter. As a result of this a support provided on a single-coiled part cannot move onto a double coiled part. The construction results in lamps which have a usual operating life span which is closer to a desirable norm.