Abstract: This invention provides a design to process a large range of detection beam current at low noise with a single detector. With such a design, the detection system can generate up to 1010 gain and maximum signal output at more than mini Ampere (mA) level. A condenser lens is configured to increase bandwidth of the detector that scan speed can be enhanced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen incandescent lamp for motor vehicle headlamps with two incandescent filaments (21, 22), which are arranged within a lamp vessel (10), wherein a first incandescent filament (21) is designed for operation with a higher electrical power than the second incandescent filament (22), wherein the incandescent filaments (21, 22) are constructed in such a way that their dimensions and/or their geometry are in each case matched to an operating voltage of at least 20 volts, and at least the second incandescent filament (22) is an incandescent filament in the form of a single coil. Preferably, both incandescent filaments (21, 22) are in the form of incandescent filaments with a single coil, wherein the first incandescent filament (21) is used, for example, for producing the upper beam or lower beam and the second incandescent filament (22) is used for producing the daytime driving light or foglight.

Abstract: The invention relates to an incandescent halogen lamp, comprising at least one tungsten incandescent filament (3) in a transparent light bulb (1) and a filling in the light bulb (1), which has a halogen component for a halogen recycling process and a noble gas component containing krypton or xenon, whereby the noble gas component comprises at least one further noble gas, the atoms of which have a smaller atomic radius than krypton atoms and the cold filling pressure within the light bulb (1) is greater than or equal to 0.7 Megapascal. Said incandescent halogen lamp is suitable as light source in a curved lamp or as combined day running or position light in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave shielding sheet 1 comprises a transparent substrate 11, and line parts 107 that define openings 105, provided on the transparent substrate 11. The line parts 107 have a metal mesh layer 21, and a blackening layer 25A formed on the surface of the metal layer 21, on the side of the transparent substrate 11. Matted layers 31 are formed on the side faces of the line parts 107, and an anticorrosive layer 23A is provided between the blackening layer 25A and the transparent substrate 11.

Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plate having a plurality of interconnected particles, e.g., fibers, having electron-emissive surfaces. The particles may include a neutron-sensitive and/or neutron reactive material, such as 6Li, 10B, 155Gd, 157Gd,—and/or hydrogenous compounds, in excess of their natural abundance. The particles may include an X-ray sensitive and/or X-ray reactive material, such as Pb.

Abstract: A diamond transmission dynode and photocathode are described which include a thin layer of a crystalline semiconductive material. The semiconductive material is preferably textured with a (100) orientation. Metallic electrodes are formed on the input and output surfaces of the semiconductive material so that a bias potential can be applied to enhance electron transport through the semiconductive material. An imaging device and a photomultiplier utilizing the aforesaid transmission dynode and/or photocathode are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoemission device excellent in quantum efficiency of photoelectric conversion, a high-sensitive electron tube employing it, and a high-sensitive photodetecting apparatus. A photoemission device of the present invention is arranged to have a photon absorbing layer for absorbing incident photons to excite photoelectrons, an insulator layer layered on one surface of the photon absorbing layer, a lead electrode layered on the insulator layer, and a contact formed on the other surface of the photon absorbing layer to apply a predetermined polarity voltage between the lead electrode and the other surface of the photon absorbing layer, whereby the photoelectrons excited by the incident photons entering the photon absorbing layer and moving toward the one side are made to be emitted by an electric field formed between the lead electrode and the one surface by the predetermined polarity voltage.

Abstract: A streak tube the total length of which is short. An optical image of an object is converted into a plurality of divided micro incident electronic images by converting means and photoelectrons from these divided micro incident electronic images are focused by a focusing electron lens. Further, the photoelectrons are swept by a deflecting means and imaged on an output plane. Thus, the optical image of the object is converted into the divided micro incident electronic images, so that focusing and sweeping can be performed in short distance. Accordingly, the total length of the tube can be short.

Abstract: An image intensifying tube, such as a image intensifying tube which converts X-rays into a visible image, comprises a curved input screen which comprises a substrate that receives input radiation and a photocathode supported on the substrate, and an output screen which converts the electrons emitted by the photocathode into a visible image. In order to compensate for changes in luminosity due to the curvature of the input screen, an intermediary layer of radially variable thickness is deposited between the substrate and the photocathode. The intermediary layer is made from a material, such as indium oxide (In.sub.2 O.sub.3), which modifies the electron emitting characteristics of the photocathode as a function of the thickness the intermediary layer. Thus, a thicker intermediary layer near the center of the input screen will compensate for reduced luminosity at the edges of the screen.

Abstract: An imaging tube for amplifying and observing a diminished light image and a streaking tube for analyzing the light intensity distributions of light sources with elapsing of time. In order to avoid adhesion of alkali metal to the micro-channel-plate in fabrication of the imaging tube and to avoid adhesion of alkali metal to the deflection electrode in the streaking tube, a separation wall and a lid movable on the separation wall are used.

Abstract: In tubular incandescent lamps having an axially arranged double-coiled filament on each support is present on a single-coiled part between two double-coiled parts of the filament. The single-coiled parts and the double-coiled parts have the same inside diameter, which enables a simple method of production, and hence have a different outside diameter. As a result of this a support provided on a single-coiled part cannot move onto a double coiled part. The construction results in lamps which have a usual operating life span which is closer to a desirable norm.

Abstract: A reflective type photocathode of a photomultiplier includes a porous antimony layer in overlay relation to a layer of solid antimony along a supporting substrate.