Abstract: A multi-beam electron gun provides a plurality N of cathode assemblies comprising a cathode, anode, and focus electrode, each cathode assembly having a local cathode axis and also a central cathode point defined by the intersection of the local cathode axis with the emitting surface of the cathode. Each cathode is arranged with its central point positioned in a plane orthogonal to a device central axis, with each cathode central point an equal distance from the device axis and with an included angle of 360/N between each cathode central point.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluorescent lamp is provided. One of a dispersed metal oxide precursor sol prepared by a sol-gel reaction and a fluorescent substance slurry is coated on a glass tube having at least one open side and then the other of the fluorescent substance slurry and the dispersed metal oxide precursor sol is coated on the glass tube. Next, passivation and fluorescent layers are simultaneously formed by baking the coated layers. Then, air is exhausted out of the glass tube and a discharge gas is injected into the glass tube. Finally, the glass tube is sealed.

Abstract: A multipole lens producing less magnetic field variations is offered. Also, a charged-particle beam instrument fitted with such multipole lenses is offered. The multipole lens has plural polar elements, an annular holding member, and an annular yoke disposed outside the holding member. Each polar element has a held portion and a base-end portion. The held portions of the polar elements are held by the holding member. The yoke is magnetically coupled to the base-end portions of the polar elements. The yoke is provided with openings extending circumferentially. The base-end portions of the polar elements are positioned in the openings.

Abstract: A method of efficiently fabricating a multipole lens. The multipole lens has plural polar elements and an annular holding member. Each polar element has a held portion. The annular holding member is provided with through-holes for holding the held portions of the polar elements. A resin is injected into the through-holes in the holding member via openings formed in the holding member, the openings being in communication with the through-holes. The injected resin is cured, thus holding the held portions of the polar elements to the holding member within the through-holes.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for reducing aberrations caused by space-charged effects in charged-particle-beam (CPB) microlithography. A representative CPB microlithography apparatus includes illumination-optical and projection-optical systems and a beam-correction-optical system. The beam-correction-optical system is connected to a control computer configured to compute correction data for correcting a space-charge-effect (SCE)-based aberration. The correction data are calculated from the distribution of pattern elements in the exposure region, the illumination-beam current, the spread-angle distribution of the illumination beam, the beam-accelerating voltage of the illumination beam, the axial distance between the reticle and substrate, and optical characteristics of the projection-optical system.

Abstract: A method of setting a fill time for a mass spectrometer including a linear ion is provided. The mass spectrometer is operated first in a transmission mode and ions are supplied to the mass spectrometer. Ions are detected as they pass through at least part of the mass spectrometer in a preset time period, to determine the ion current. From a desired maximum charge density for the ion trap and the ion current, a fill time for the ion trap is determined. The mass spectrometer is operated in a trapping mode to trap ions in the ion trap, and the ion trap is filled for the fill time, as just determined. This utilizes the ion trap to its maximum, while avoiding problems due to overfilling the trap, causing space charge effects.

Abstract: A color cathode-ray tube has an in-line type electron gun. Third, fourth, and fifth electrodes form a sub-main lens, and a sixth electrode forms a main lens with the fifth electrode for focusing the three electron beams onto the phosphor screen. The second and fourth electrodes are electrically connected together and the third and fifth electrodes are electrically connected together. A ratio A of an axial length of the fourth G4 electrode to a diameter of the opening of the fourth electrode and a ratio B of an axial length of the fifth G5 electrode to the diameter of the opening of fourth electrode satisfy the following equations: 54A-5B+4.ltoreq.0, 55A-5B+7.gtoreq.0, A-0.18.gtoreq.0, and 95A+10B-73.gtoreq.0.

Abstract: Electrons emitted from a photocathode in response to incident X-rays are accelerated and focused onto a microchannel plate (MCP). The electrons multiplied by the MCP are converted into a visible light image by a phosphor screen. An envelope tube is curved at a halfway portion, and the electrons are deflected by a deflection coil so as to travel along the curved envelope tube and enter the MCP. Even if X-rays are transmitted from the photocathode, they do not enter the MCP directly and hardly contribute to the background noise. A limiting aperture ring may further be employed to prevent the X-rays reflected by the inside wall of the envelope tube from entering the MCP.

Abstract: An x-ray image intensifier for use in an x-ray diagnostic system has an electrode system for focusing electrons generated by incident x-radiation on an input luminescent screen onto an output luminescent screen. For reducing manufacturing and assembly costs, the electrodes of the electrode system are applied as a coat on the inside of a one-piece sheet metal part which forms the wall of the x-ray image intensifier between the input and output luminescent screens. The coat is adapted in shape as needed to form the electrodes, and the sheet metal wall, with the electrodes thereon, has different diameters along its longitudinal length matched to the required electrode diameters.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises an envelope; an electron beam source positioned at one end of the envelope; a target positioned at another end of the envelope opposite to the electron beam source; a mesh electrode positioned opposite to the target; and an electrostatic lens means positioned between the electron beam source and the mesh electrode, the lens means having a first electrode, a second electrode and a third electrode respectively positioned along the electron beam path to focus the electron beam, the second electrode being divided into four arrow or zig-zag patterns to deflect the electron beam.

Abstract: A camera tube system having an electron gun of the diode type. The electron gun is provided with an anode consisting of several parts. These parts are provided with apertures, are electrically separated and are adapted to be connected to means to control the potential. As a result of this, it is possible to generate a much larger beam current during the line flyback. This larger beam current makes it possible to avoid the so-called comet-tail effect.

Abstract: A television camera tube comprising an evacuated envelope enclosing an electron gun. The electron gun has, in the direction of propagation of the generated electron beam, a cathode, a grid, an anode and a cylindrical electrode. The cylindrical electrode has a diaphragm. The anode has a portion that extends substantially perpendicularly to the electron beam and includes an aperture. A first metal foil is provided on the side of the anode toward the target. The metal foil covers the aperture of the anode, but has an aperture for the electron beam. The diameter of the aperture in the foil is no more than 0.15 mm and no less than the diameter of the electron beam. A second metal foil is provided on the anode on the other side thereof. The second foil also covers the aperture of the anode. The second foil has an aperture for the electron beam. The diameter of the aperture in the second foil is smaller than the diameter of the aperture in the first metal foil, but is not less than the diameter of the electron beam.

Abstract: A magnetic-focus electrostatic-deflection image pickup tube utilizes a magnetic field for electron beam focusing and an electrostatic field for electron beam deflection. The magnetic field generated by a magnetic focus coil is distributed on the tube axis to have the peak of intensity which is offset toward the electron gun. The electron beam can be deflected and focused to provide a minimized beam spot with less distortion.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises an envelope, an electron gun having a beam limiting aperture, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a mesh electrode, the first, second and third electrodes constituting electrostatic lens system to focus the electron beam, the second electrode being a deflection electrode of arrow or zig-zag patterns to deflect the electron beam, wherein if distance between the beam limiting aperture and the mesh electrode is l, length of the second electrode is made (1/3 l-1/10 l) and (1/3 l+1/10 l), and distance between the beam limiting aperture and the center of the second electrode is made (1/2 l-1/3 l) to (1/2 l).

Abstract: An improved image pickup tube has an insulating envelope with precisely formed inside and outside surfaces. The inside surface of the envelope has a diameter the midpoint of which lies on a longitudinally extending first mechanical axis. An electron gun is aligned with the first mechanical axis. The precisely formed outside surface of the envelope is substantially coaxial with the inside surface. The outside surface has a diameter the midpoint of which lies on a second mechanical axis that is substantially coincident with the first mechanical axis and the optical axis.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron gun comprising a cathode, a first apertured anode spaced from said cathode and operated at a potential of between 5 and 30 volts positive with respect to the cathode. The gun further comprises a second apertured anode spaced from the first anode and operating at a potential of between 100 and 400 volts positive with respect to the cathode to produce a lens field in the region between the anodes which focusses the electrons emitted from the cathode at a crossover therebetween. The cross-section of the beam produced by the gun is determined by the size of the aperture in the second anode and the beam current may be varied by changing the voltage on the first anode to thereby move the crossover closer to or further away from the second anode so that a larger or smaller portion, respectively, of the electrons in the beam passes through the aperture. Alternatively, a beam-limiting element, separate from the second anode, may be used.

Abstract: A photoconductive target camera tube provided to operate within a solenoid producing a uniform magnetic focusing field has a grid with a beam width defining aperture therein between the electron gun and the normally provided cylindrical anode. The aperture grid is mounted upon a ring of magnetic material which acts to reduce the magnitude of the focusing magnetic field at the plane of the aperture so to achieve a demagnification of the image of the aperture at the target with a consequent reduction in the beam spot size.

Abstract: A television camera tube with electrostatic focusing comprising a triode section at the first stage having a cathode a first grid and a second grid, an electrostatic focusing lens section at the next stage having a third, fourth and fifth grids of cylindrical electrode configuration, and a sixth grid with mesh electrode configuration at the last stage, these electrodes being coaxially arranged in a cylindrical glass envelope, the length of the fourth grid is greater than 1.15 times the inner diameter thereof but equal to or smaller than 2.30 times the inner diameter thereof.

Abstract: A television camera tube comprising, in an evacuated envelope, an electron gun to generate an electron beam which during operation of the tube is focused to form a spot on a photosensitive target. On the target, a potential distribution is formed by projecting an optical image on it. By scanning the target with an electron beam, signals corresponding to the optical image are produced. The target is scanned in a line deflection direction and a frame deflection direction. According to the invention, the spot has an elongate shape, which shape is determined by a line at the edge of the spot which interconnects points having the same current density. The shape of the electron spot is such that the ratio, k, between the lengths of the long and short axes of the spot is 1.4.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.2. The long axis of the spot divides the acute angle between the line deflection direction and the frame deflection direction in such manner that0.degree..ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.60.degree.,where .beta.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron gun comprising a cathode, a first apertured anode spaced from said cathode and operated at a potential of between 5 and 30 volts positive with respect to the cathode. The gun further comprises a second apertured anode spaced from the first anode and operating at a potential of between 100 and 400 volts positive with respect to the cathode to produce a lens field in the region between the anodes which focusses the electrons emitted from the cathode at a cross-over therebetween. The cross-section of the beam produced by the gun is determined by the size of the aperture in the second anode and the beam current may be varied by changing the voltage on the first anode to thereby move the cross-over closer to or further away from the second anode so that a larger or smaller portion, respectively, of the electrons in the beam passes through the aperture.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus designed to improve the amplitude modulation degree particularly at edge portions of an image comprises an image pickup tube and a yoke assembly. The image pickup tube includes a target, a focusing electrode and an electron beam limiting aperture for limiting the diameter of an electron beam. The yoke assembly comprises means for generating a focusing magnetic field and means for generating a deflection magnetic field. The distance between the electron beam limiting aperture and the target is at least 5.5 times the maximum diameter of the focusing electrode. The half width of the focusing magnetic field intensity distribution along the axis of the image pickup tube is at least 85% of the distance between the electron beam limiting aperture and the target.

Abstract: A television camera tube having a diode electron gun comprising a cathode and an anode having a central aperture. The part of the anode surrounding the central aperture is situated closer to the cathode than the remainder of the anode and has an area which is smaller than 75% of the cathode's emissive surface. This configuration minimizes anode current and avoids wasted power while retaining desirable electron beam characteristics.

Abstract: A vidicon type camera tube comprising a beam current control section including a thermionic cathode, a first grid having an aperture of diameter d.sub.1, a second grid having an aperture of diameter d.sub.2 and a beam disc having a diaphragm of diameter d.sub.3 disposed at a distance of l along the tube axis from the second grid. The tube further comprises a main lens section constituted of cylindrical electrodes. The diameters d.sub.1, d.sub.2 and d.sub.3 and the distance l are so determined that the value of (d.sub.2 /l)(d.sub.3 /d.sub.1).sup.2 may lie in the range where the difference of the effective cathode loading is positive.

Abstract: A television camera tube with electrostatic focusing and magnetic deflection comprises in an cylindrical envelope a beam current control, a main lens section and a sixth grid in the form of a mesh electrode. The beam current control section includes a cathode, a first grid and a second grid with an electron beam limiting diaphragm in this order. The main lens section includes third, fourth and fifth grids in the form of cylindrical electrodes disposed in this order. Around the cylindrical envelope is mounted a magnetic deflection coil whose length along the envelope axis is 0.18 to 0.40 times the distance from the beam limiting diaphragm to the mesh electrode.

Abstract: The light which is emitted from the output screen of an image intensifier and passed through a subsequent output objective, is converted into an electrical signal by means of a photomultiplier tube or an image pick-up tube. The noise or modulation content of the electrical signal are measured. An optimum adjustment of the focussing position of the output objective and the magnitude of the focussing voltage applied to the imge intensifier, cause the noise or modulation content to attain an extreme value, e.g. a maximum. The focussing voltage and the focussing position of the output objective are iteratively adjusted.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising an extra electrode with which the electron beam can be concentrated on a diaphragm aperture and simultaneously a small predeflection of the electron beam is obtained. The extra electrode is, for example, tubular and has oblique cut ends and is situated between two other electrodes. If the extra electrode has the same potential as the two other electrodes it is inoperative. If a suitable negative voltage pulse is supplied to the extra electrode the electron beam is slightly deflected and also concentrated on the diaphragm aperture.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube having an electron gun to generate an electron beam and a focusing lens to focus the electron beam on a target. The anode of the electron gun forms part of the focusing lens and has a very small aperture to limit the electron beam. In order to prevent positive ions formed in the tube from poisoning the cathode the potential of the anode is at most 75 volts relative to the cathode potential and the distance from the center of the focusing lens to the aperture in the anode is at least equal to 1.5 times the largest dimension of the anode taken in a cross-section at right angles to the axis.

Abstract: The electron lens of an electrostatically focusing type image pickup tube comprises three coaxially arranged cylindrical electrodes and the inner diameters thereof are decreased from the side of a target toward an electron gun. The electron lens is assembled by successively fitting the three electrodes over a mandrel, the outer diameter thereof varying stepwisely in accordance with the inner diameters of the three electrodes, and then interconnecting the three electrodes by axially extending insulating supporting rods.

Abstract: A nickel oxide surface layer of a nickel mesh supporting structure is coated with a layer of chromium. The nickel oxide layer has a thickness of between about 500 to 750A. The layer chromium is at least about 100A thick. The chromium coated nickel oxide-nickel mesh is particularly suitable for use in vidicon tubes.

Abstract: An electron-optical system with a magnetic focusing and an electromagnetic deflection system of unit design in which a screening means in the form of a coil of magnetic wire or other conventional structure is arranged between the magnetic and electromagnetic units is employed in tubes, in particular high-resolution television camera tubes such as vidicons or the like, having a target for scanning by an electron beam and a fine-mesh field net arranged in front of the target. The focusing coil has an increasing winding density in the direction from the aperture diaphragm toward the target, and the deflection coils are of such short length and arranged either inside or outside of the focusing coil so that, in association with the increasing focusing field strength toward the target due to the use of a deflection field of less than about half the usual extent in the axial direction, the electron beam experiences a rotation of less than 90.degree.