Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron multiplier and others to effectively suppress luminescence noise, even in compact size, in which each of multistage dynodes has a plurality of columns each having a peripheral surface separated physically, and in which each column is processed in such a shape that an area or a peripheral length of a section parallel to an installation surface on which the electron multiplier is arranged becomes minimum at a certain position on the peripheral surface in the column of interest.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emitting element, comprising: a first electrode; an insulating fine particle layer formed on the first electrode and composed of insulating fine particles; and a second electrode formed on the insulating fine particle layer, wherein the insulating fine particles are monodisperse fine particles, and when voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, electrons are discharged from the first electrode into the insulating fine particle layer and accelerated through the insulating fine particle layer to be emitted from the second electrode.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a cathodoluminescent capsule including at least one envelope, a cold cathode, an anode and a grid. The process comprises at least the steps of: depositing luminophore and reflective layers on an internal wall; depositing a conductive layer at least contacting the luminophore layer; providing a cap having a tube including at least three metal conductors, each being respectively welded to the anode, cathode and grid; assembling the cap with the envelope so as to form the capsule, the anode being in contact with the conductive layer and the luminophore layer opposed to the cathode; vacuuming the capsule via the tube; sealing the capsule by closing an end of the cap tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emitting element, comprising: a first electrode; an insulating fine particle layer formed on the first electrode and composed of insulating fine particles; and a second electrode formed on the insulating fine particle layer, wherein the insulating fine particles are monodisperse fine particles, and when voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, electrons are discharged from the first electrode into the insulating fine particle layer and accelerated through the insulating fine particle layer to be emitted from the second electrode.

Abstract: Primary electrons impinge upon an emitter section of an electron emitter for causing emission of the secondary electrons. The secondary electrons are outputted from the electron emitter. The secondary electrons emitted from the emitter section are accelerated in an electric field applied to the emitter section for generating an electron beam. The electron emitter has the emitter section having a plate shape, a cathode electrode formed on a front surface of the emitter section, an anode electrode formed on a back surface of the emitter section. A drive voltage from a pulse generation source is applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode through a resistor. The anode electrode is connected to GND. A collector electrode is provided above the cathode electrode. A bias voltage is applied to the collector electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron source forming substrate provided with an insulating material layer provided on the surface of a substrate, at which surface an electron-emitting device is disposed, wherein the insulating material layer has a plurality of partially exposed metal oxide particles on its surface. Also disclosed are an electron source including a substrate and an electron-emitting device arranged on the substrate, wherein the substrate is an electron source forming substrate as described above, and an image display apparatus including an envelope, an electron-emitting device arranged in the envelope, and an image display member adapted to display images through application of electrons from the electron-emitting device, wherein a substrate on which the electron-emitting device is arranged is an electron source forming substrate as described above.

Abstract: A light emission display having a housing including at least two glass members thermally glued to one another at a predetermined atmospheric pressure to form a plurality of cavities inside the housing, and at least one of a gas and a light emitting substance contained within the cavities. Electrodes are located between the glass members and protrude into each cavity in only a coplanar manner with respect to a main surface of one of the glass members. An input signal is supplied to the electrodes resulting in selective light emission from the cavities.

Abstract: The invention provides a low-vacuum mass specrometer for use as gas analyzer, including a drift tube having a gas inlet and an ionization region at one end thereof, a power source for supplying the required high tension, a vacuum pump connectable to the drift tube to maintain a level of vacuum of up to 1 Torr, and a detector located at the other end of the drift tube, wherein the detector is a multisphere plate comprised of a multilayer arrangement of beads bonded together in a substantially close-packing order.

Abstract: Planar display devices which have a small thickness and used as a display unit of a television set, a monitor or the like. A control electrode portion for passing electrons through a given electron-passing hole selected from a plurality of electron-passing holes provided on an insulating substrate is formed by coating the insulating substrate with a conductive film and dividing them into a plurality of conductive films as control electrodes. This structure obviates the mesh structure of electrons which are necessary in the case of arranging control electrodes on the insulating substrate, thereby realizing high-definition display devices with improved luminance.

Abstract: A high resolution, cathodoluminescent display screen or device and a method of producing such a display device is disclosed. The display screen includes a plurality of channel structures having longitudinal ends, a transparent medium formed in a plane to which the channel structures are fixed with one longitudinal end thereof oriented toward the plane of the transparent medium, and a cathodoluminescent material deposited on the channel structures whereby incident electrons and light generated by the incident electrons are directed along the channel structures. Preferably, the display screen also includes a mechanism for removing built up charge from the display screen, such as conductive channel structures and/or a conductive transparent medium. The cathodoluminescent material can include phosphors, and for producing a color display, different materials producing different colors would be used. In one preferred embodiment, the channel structures are tubules.

Abstract: A cathode-luminescent panel lamp (20) includes an evacuated tube (21) having a phosphor coating (25) on the inside surface of a face plate (24). An electron gun (28) is arranged to discharge at least one conical beam of electrons toward the coating to form an electron cloud within the tube. Shaping electrodes (29,30) positioned within the tube distribute and normalize the electron density of the cloud as a function of the angle (.theta.). The electrons pass through a field-separating mesh (39) to impinge upon a secondary emission mesh (40), which amplifies the electron density. The amplified electrons excite the phosphor coating to produce light of substantially-constant intensities across the face plate. The improved lamp may be used to back-light an LCD or in a stadium display.

Abstract: A projection lens assembly (10) projects onto a display screen (38) electrons emitted from an output side (86) of an electron multiplier such as, for example, a microchannel plate (70). The projection lens assembly includes a dome-shaped mesh element (16) that is concave as viewed from the display screen. The mesh element is positioned between the microchannel plate and a filter element (20) having a beam-limiting aperture (22). The mesh element is of an aspherical shape that allows the projection lens assembly to project the electrons toward the display screen with substantially no spherical aberration, thereby forming near the beam-limiting aperture an electron beam crossover of small diameter. The beam-limiting aperture is formed with a relatively small diameter that allows the filter element to block electrons of energies outside a preselected range of energy values, thereby reducing chromatic aberration in the image formed on the display screen.

Abstract: A color display tube which has a channel plate electron multiplier for multiplying a low voltage, low current electron beam and thereby obtaining an amplified output beam for producing an image on a screen formed of a plurality of different phosphors arranged as dots, each of which is surrounded by at least one ring. In order to form the output beam into well defined dots and rings to obtain good color purity, the source-to-screen distance of the output beam is varied in a predetermined manner. A means for doing this comprises additional electrodes mounted on the output side of the electron multiplier.

Abstract: A method is provided for bonding glass channel plates (1,8) together in a stack, with the channels (2) of one plate being at an angle to the channels (9) of an adjacent stack to reduce optical and ion feedback. A layer of indium (4,10) is provided on plate faces to be bonded, bonding being achieved by applying pressure and a temperature between 130.degree. C. and 350.degree. C. A mechanically rigid and electronically stable channel plate electron multiplier is obtained for use in particle or photon counters or in raster intensified cathode ray tubes.

Abstract: In a display tube a laminated dynode channel plate electron multiplier (16) produces at its channel outputs (50) a current-multiplied beam (34) in response to an electron beam being scanned thereover which is accelerated towards a phosphor screen (14) comprising repeating groups of different color phosphor elements and selectively directed onto particular elements by color selection deflector electrodes (38,40) adjacent the channel outputs. To provide increased horizontal resolution capability the exits (50) of the apertures in the final dynode are elongate in shape, other dynodes having circular apertures, and arranged parallel to one another with their longer axes extending vertically to form a comparatively narrow horizontal width output beam. The final dynode aperture entrances may be similarly elongate or circular with the apertures having a re-entrant profile.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of making color selection deflection electrode structures for use in color picture display tubes having a channel plate electron multiplier arranged adjacent a screen, the deflection electrode structure being disposed intermediate the multiplier and screen and consisting of pairs of elongate, rectangular electrodes aligned with rows of output apertures of the multiplier and operable to control the direction of an electron beam emanating from those apertures so as to impinge upon a selected one of a plurality of different color phosphors in repeating pattern comprising the screen. The methods involve the steps of forming slits (1) in a pair of thin metal sheets, e.g.

Abstract: A penetron color display tube including a channel plate electron multiplier disposed between a low energy electron-beam-producing means and a luminescent screen. The screen is formed from repetitive groups of phosphor elements for luminescing in different colors. Each group includes a first phosphor element having a single layer of material for luminescing in a first color, such as blue, and a second phosphor element having two layers of material for luminescing in second and third colors, such as red and green. The channel plate electron multiplier includes a multiplicity of electron-multiplying channels for emitting individual electron beams when the low energy electron beam is directed into the channel's input.

Abstract: A deflection color selection system for a single beam channel plate display tube includes, within an envelope 10, a laminated dynode channel plate electron multiplier (16) having channels whose exit apertures are aligned in columns. An apertured extractor electrode (36) is mounted on and electrically insulated from an output face of the electron multiplier (16), the apertures (42) in the extractor electrode (36) being aligned with respective channels. A luminescent screen (14) spaced from the extractor electrode (36) includes patterns of phosphor elements (R, G, B) adapted to luminesce in different colors.

Abstract: A flat, bi-planar display panel consisting primarily of a cathodoluminescent light emitting screen comparable to existing cathode ray tubes, and an array of photocathodes to produce electrons for the phosphor screen and to address picture elements. The scanning system consists of integral opto-electronic shift registers, with photocathodes and luminescent anodes as active elements, picture elements addressed by electrical and optical signals from these registers.

Abstract: The image contrast in an image display tube having a channel plate electron multiplier (2) is improved by preventing secondary electrons emitted from the face of an input dynode (26) from straying to channels located at a relatively large distance from their origin. This is done by disposing a grid (24) at a short distance from the input dynode (26). If the grid (24) is held at a positive voltage relative to the input dynode (26), stray secondary electrons will be attracted toward the grid (24). Alternatively, if the grid (24) is held at a negative voltage relative to that of the input dynode (26), the secondary electrons will be induced to enter channels close to their origin.

Abstract: An ion feedback electron multiplier has an envelope containing an ionizable gas. Within the envelope is a chain of multiplier dynodes divided into two planar groups spaced from and parallel to one another. At one end of the multiplier chain is an electron source capable of emitting electrons upon ion bombardment. An electron lens which is between the multiplier chain and the electron source, focuses the electrons from the source onto one of the dynodes of the multiplier.

Abstract: The electron multiplier device is operable in a substantial vacuum and comprises a cathode which emits electrons upon ion bombardment and an electron multiplier section adjacent the cathode for multiplying electrons emitted from the cathode. An output target surface is partially interposed in the path of the electrons near the output of the multiplier. A portion of the electrons released by the multiplier strike the output target surface causing ions to be emitted therefrom. The ions then feed back and bombard the cathode causing it to release more electrons, which in turn are multiplied thereby providing a buildup of electrons leaving the multiplier output. The output electrons may be controlled by an electron control section aligned with the multiplier near its output end.

Abstract: A chain of planar dynodes is divided into two groups which are spaced from and substantially parallel to each other. A cathode which is capable of emitting electrons upon ion bombardment is at one end of the dynode chain. An envelope encloses the dynodes and the cathode. Also enclosed by the envelope are a plurality of shields. Each shield is located so as to prevent gas ions, present within the envelope, from striking the dynodes, while allowing the ions to strike the cathode.

Abstract: A cathode device which employs regenerative ion feedback for sustained electron emission includes an enclosure filled with inert gas. A cathode, an electron multiplier region, and an ion interaction region are disposed in consecutive order within the enclosure with the interaction region being positioned at the output of the electron multiplier region. Means are provided for controlling the magnitude of ion feedback to the cathode whereby the feedback loop gain of the device can be caused to be either greater than, or less than, unity. The cathode device is useful in a cathodoluminescent cell which further includes an electron accelerating region and a cathodoluminescent screen. A plurality of these cathodoluminescent cells can be arranged so as to constitute an image display device. Disclosed also is a method of operating the cathode device and image display device.

Abstract: An electron multiplier is formed between two spaced parallel substrates of electrically conductive material with a cathode at one end of the substrates. On opposed surfaces of the two substrates are dynodes, extraction electrodes, modulation electrodes, electrically conductive protrusions and deflection electrodes in that order going away from the cathode end. The dynodes form a conventional staggered dynode chain. The modulation electrode on one substrate is opposite a modulation electrode on the other substrate and both have a width equal to the distance between the substrates. The protrusions are similarly directly opposite one another. At the end of the substrates remote from the cathode is a deflection electrode on the tip of each substrate.

Abstract: An image display device includes at least one display cell having the following in spaced relation: a photocathode; multiplier dynodes, an anode electrode; and a cathodoluminescent screen. In addition to an optical feedback fluorescent material, the anode electrode includes a material which exhibits slow fluorescence, e.g., Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 :Gd3%, such that it emits light energy for a finite time period after it has been excited by electrons. In the operation of the display device, an electrical discharge is employed to produce the desired optical output at the cathodoluminescent screen. Some of the electrons created in the discharge strike the anode electrode, causing light energy to be directed to the photocathode where it is converted into free electrons. The presence of these free electrons ensures the rapid initiation of subsequent electrical discharges. In other embodiments, the electrical discharge may be obtained through ion feedback or plasma discharge.

Abstract: An envacuated envelope has substantially flat, parallel front and back walls and spaced, parallel support walls extending between and perpendicular to the front and back walls and forming a plurality of channels. Beam guides extend along each of the channels for guiding three beams along each channel and for selectively deflecting the beams at selected points along the channel toward a phosphor screen on the front wall. Between the beam guides and the phosphor screen are deflection electrodes for deflecting the beams transversely across the channel so as to scan the portion of the phosphor screen which extends across the channel. Also between the beam guides and the phosphor screen is means forming an electron lens for converging the three beams at a point spaced from but adjacent to the screen.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope has spaced, substantially parallel flat front and back walls. Along the front wall is a phosphor screen and along the back wall are electron beam guides for guiding beams of electrons along paths substantially parallel to the front wall. The beam guide includes a pair of spaced, parallel plates between which the beams pass and a plurality of aligned openings in the plates with the openings being arranged in rows extending along the paths of the beams. A gun structure which includes at least one cathode is provided at one end of the beam guide plates. The gun structure is adapted to generate the electrons and direct the electrons as beams between the beam guide plates. The beam guide plates have tabs extending from the one end toward the cathode with the tabs being positioned at the ends of the rows of the openings in the plates. The tabs are adapted to generate electrostatic fields which guide the beams from the cathode between the plates along the rows of the openings.

Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plurality of staggered parallel dynodes disposed between two insulating vanes. The dynodes are disposed between a cathode at one end and a high energy electron filter at the other end. The electron filter includes at least two staggered filter bodies which extend into the space between the vanes. Each of the filter bodies extends slightly more than one-half the distance between the vanes so as to provide no straight path therethrough for high energy electrons, i.e., the filter is optically opaque. Between the dynodes closest to the cathode and the electron filter is a transition region. The transition region includes transition dynodes, having unequal widths and unequal spacings, and steering electrodes. In multiplier operation, the transition region functions to steer low energy electrons around the electron filter.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope includes a transparent front panel having a cathodoluminescent screen thereupon and a back panel interconnectably sealed to the front panel. The back has a plurality of cathode stripes thereon. A plurality of vanes, spaced from and parallel to each other, extend between the front and back panels orthogonal to the cathode stripes. Electrodes to control the operation of the device are formed directly on the vanes. Any two adjacent vanes form an electron multiplier in which a self sustaining source of electrons is created only at a location along the vanes which is determined by the proper energizing of the cathode stripe at that location.

Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plurality of staggered parallel dynodes. The dynodes include spaced confinement bumps along their lengths with active areas between the bumps. The confinement bumps and active areas therebetween define a plurality of channels which extend from a cathode at one end of the multiplier. Each channel traverses the staggered parallel dynodes and causes an electron beam to pass therethrough without spreading. The multiplier is useful in a display device which includes a plurality of line sources of electrons, e.g., a plurality of cathode stripes.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube having a screen with concentric phosphor ring patterns and an electron multiplying channel plate between the screen and the electron gun, the channel plate including a focusing control electrode having a constant focusing action.

Abstract: The structure comprises an evacuated envelope that includes a transparent front panel having a cathodoluminescent screen thereon and a back panel interconnectably sealed to the front panel. A plurality of first vanes, spaced from and parallel to each other, are perpendicular to and in contact with the back panel and a plurality of second vanes, spaced from and parallel to each other, are perpendicular to and in contact with the front panel. The first and second vanes are transverse to each other and provide mutual support for each other. Electroding to control operation of the device is formed directly on the vanes.

Abstract: A cathodoluminescent image display device utilizes a cold cathode as the source of electrons. The cold cathode comprises a photocathode, an electron multiplier and a fluorescent anode. The structure of the cathode is such that a portion of the light given off by the fluorescent anode is free to feedback and impinge upon the photocathode. The cold cathode disclosed herein is thus a closed loop device having a loop gain G. The electron multiplier has a gain G.sub.m such that the loop gain G of the device is maintained at a value greater than or equal to one thus causing a sustained electron discharge.

Abstract: A channel plate with color selection electrodes and color phosphors for use as an image display screen in a color television tube. This is a division, of application Ser. No. 288,597, filed Sept. 13, 1972, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,849, Jan. 14, 1975.This invention relates to colour television display apparatus.In conventional colour television display tubes, complex problems of registration arise. Thus, for example, the shadow-mask tube (in spite of the added cost and complexity of its three gun system) involves accurate alignment between the holes in the shadow-mask and the tri-colour phosphor triads on the display screen. In the case of the Chromatron there is the problem of aligning the colour-selector grid with the phosphor stripes.

Abstract: Electron beam apparatus comprising a channel plate which emits electrons in the form of hollow electron beams, a focusing control electrode for controlling the diameter of the hollow beams and a target having a pattern of concentric areas aligned with each hollow beam, said pattern having at least two different areas which respond differently to electron bombardment and may be selectively bombarded under control of said electrode.

Abstract: A miniature flat panel image intensifier tube display device using two inne microchannel plate (MCP) electron multipliers that have two arrays of orthogonally positioned electrically isolated parallel metallic stripes as electrodes on their interfacing surfaces and have the conventional continuous electrodes on the other two surfaces. A solid photocathode layer is in proximity focus with the solid input electrode of the first MCP, and the solid output electrode of the second MCP is in proximity focus with a display device. Array switching electronic means selectively switches bias voltages in some selected scan mode over the two arrays of MCP metallic stripes to provide a selective electron charge pattern exiting the second MCP wherein the charge pattern is converted to a visible image at the display device.

Abstract: The combination of a storage tube and a feedback circuit operatively intercoupled such that as data is read from the storage tube the level of stored charge on each incremental area of the dielectric of the tube's target is sensed and the potential between the cathode and target conductor is automatically adjusted as a function of the sensed charge level. This feedback control of the aforementioned potential allows for the use of a larger differential charging range on the target's dielectric, which in turn provides a substantial improvement in the fidelity of data processing through the storage tube.

Abstract: A metal sheet is provided with a plurality of slots which are disposed in parallel rows and columns. Charge sensing pads are disposed on an insulating layer on one surface of the metal sheet with a separate pair of the charge sensing pads being in abutting relation and sandwiching a separate slot. The sensing pads have a capacitance to the metal sheet such that they can be electrically charged to a common voltage level which permits a substantially uniform maximum electrical charge to pass into each one of the slots when the abutting sensing pads are discharged by line electron sources. The charge sensing pads may be repetitively charged, i.e., brought back to the common voltage level, through resistive leakage to a body at that common voltage. A plurality of substantially parallel modulating electrodes are disposed on, but insulated from, the other surface of the metal sheet. Each one of the modulating electrodes extends around one of the parallel columns of slots.

Abstract: A metal sheet is provided with a plurality of slots which are disposed in parallel rows and columns. Charge sensing pads are disposed on an insulating layer on one surface of the metal sheet with a separate pair of the charge sensing pads being in abutting relation and sandwiching a separate slot. The sensing pads include a portion which extends beyond the length of the slot and is of a material having a high secondary emission ratio. The sensing pads have a capacitance to the metal layer such that they can be electrically charged to a common voltage level which permits a substantially uniform maximum electrical charge to pass into each one of the slots when the abutting sensing pads are discharged by line electron sources. The charge sensing pads may be repetitively charged, i.e., brought back to the common level, through secondary emission from the portions of the pads which extend beyond the slots.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope having a plurality of spaced, parallel support walls extending between and substantially perpendicular to flat substantially parallel front and back walls to provide a plurality of parallel channels extending along the front and back walls. The front and back walls and the support walls are of an electrically insulating material, typically glass. Compressed between each of the support walls and the front wall is a metal strip which serves as the tip of the support wall and which extends along the entire length of the support wall. Each tip is tapered in thickness from a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the support wall at the support wall to a thinner thickness at the front wall. Means is provided between each metal tip and either the support wall or the front wall to prevent movement of the tip transversely of the channels. A shadow mask extends across each of the channels and extends between the metal tips and the support walls.