Abstract: There is provided a method which is for use in a charged particle beam system including an illumination system equipped with an aberration corrector having a plurality of stages of multipole elements and a transfer lens system disposed between the multipole elements, the method being capable of correcting distortion in a shadow of an aperture of the illumination system. The method involves varying excitations of the transfer lens system to correct distortion in the shadow of the aperture of the illumination system.

Abstract: A gun configured to generate charged particles, comprising a ring-cathode (200) electrically configured to generate a charged particle beam; a lens arranged to focus the charged particle beam on a specimen; and at least one correction focusing electrode (1406) arranged to generate at least one electrostatic/magnetic field to further divergently/convergently focus the charged particle beam for correcting in-plane geometric aberrations associated with the lens, the focusing being based on the in-plane geometric aberrations associated with the lens. A related method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A metal hexaboride nanowire such as LaB6 with the formed metal-terminated (100) plane at the tip has a small work function, and can emit a very narrow electron beam from the (100) plane. In such emitters, contamination occurs in a very short time period, and the output current greatly decreases when used under low temperature. The cold field emitter of the present invention overcomes this problem with a stabilization process that exposes the metal-terminated (100) plane of the tip to hydrogen at low temperature, and can stably operate over extended time periods.

Abstract: An electron gun used in a particle beam device, for example in an electron microscope, has a relatively good brightness and may be operated under vacuum conditions which can be easily achieved (i.e., for example, at a residual pressure of about 10?6 or 10?7 mbar). The electron gun comprises an electron source having an electron emission surface. Furthermore, the electron gun comprises a first electrode configured to control a path of electrons emitted from the electron emission surface, a second electrode which is configured to suppress emissions of electrons from a side surface of the electron source and a third electrode configured to accelerate electrons emitted from the electron source to a final energy. A first voltage, a second voltage and a third voltage are adjusted to avoid any crossover of electrons emitted from the electron emission surface.

Abstract: A low-voltage, multi-beam, multi-MW RF source that operates at a voltage less than or equal to approximately 60 kV and generates at least one MW. The RF source includes a cathode configured to generate a plurality of beamlets. An input cavity and output cavity are common to the plurality of beamlets. A plurality of gain cavities are provided between the input and output cavities, each having a plurality of openings corresponding to the plurality of beamlets. The power source may further include a plurality of cathodes, each cathode generating a plurality of beamlets, wherein the input and output cavities are common to the plurality of beamlets from each of the plurality of cathodes, and a separate set of gain cavities are provided for each cathode. A single cathode version generates approximately 2.5 MW, and a four cathode version having four independent cavity systems and a common magnetic system generates approximately 10 MW.

Abstract: A multi-beam electron gun provides a plurality N of cathode assemblies comprising a cathode, anode, and focus electrode, each cathode assembly having a local cathode axis and also a central cathode point defined by the intersection of the local cathode axis with the emitting surface of the cathode. Each cathode is arranged with its central point positioned in a plane orthogonal to a device central axis, with each cathode central point an equal distance from the device axis and with an included angle of 360/N between each cathode central point.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes beam-forming electrodes and a lens. Each beam-forming electrode has several aperture clusters operable to form several collimated beams of electrons. In addition, the lens is operable to focus the several collimated beams of electrons onto a display screen.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes beam-forming electrodes and a lens. Each beam-forming electrode has several aperture clusters operable to form several collimated beams of electrons. In addition, the lens is operable to focus the several collimated beams of electrons onto a display screen.

Abstract: An electron gun includes an electron source configured to emit electrons. The electron source includes an electron emission region configured to emit the electrons and an electron emission restrictive region configured to restrict emission of the electrons. The electron emission restrictive region is located on a side surface of the electron source except an electron emission surface on a tip of the electron source and is covered with a different material from the electron source. The electron gun emits thermal field-emitted electrons by applying an electric field to the tip while maintaining a sufficiently low temperature to avoid sublimation of a material of the electron source. The material of the electron source may be lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) or cerium hexaboride (CeB6). The electron emission restrictive region may be covered with carbon.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for an electron beam directed energy device. The device consists of an electron gun with one or more electron beams. The device includes one or more accelerating plates with holes aligned for beam passage. The plates may be flat or preferably shaped to direct each electron beam to exit the electron gun at a predetermined orientation. In one preferred application, the device is located in outer space with individual beams that are directed to focus at a distant target to be used to impact and destroy missiles. The aimings of the separate beams are designed to overcome Coulomb repulsion. A method is also presented for directing the beams to a target considering the variable terrestrial magnetic field. In another preferred application, the electron beam is directed into the ground to produce a subsurface x-ray source to locate and/or destroy buried or otherwise hidden objects including explosive devices.

Abstract: A spacer, disposed between first and second substrates of an electron emission display, includes a main body, a resistive layer arranged on a side surface of the main body, a secondary electron emission preventing layer arranged on the resistive layer, and a diffusion preventing layer arranged between the resistive layer and the secondary electron emission layer. The diffusion preventing layer prevents interdiffusion between the resistive layer and the secondary electron emission preventing layer.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a multibeam doubly convergent electron gun. Two or more beamlets can be run parallel to the axis at a prescribed radius to produce sufficient current to drive the VED. In order to obtain sufficient cathode surface area to provide the required current, the beamlets are launched from a cathode radius greater than the radius required in a slow wave circuit. In one embodiment, an electron gun includes a focus electrode that surrounds two or more cathodes, wherein each cathode emits a beamlet comprised of a plurality of electrons directed to a predetermined location. A first anode receives each beamlet at the predetermined location, accelerates each beamlet and changes the radius of each beamlet. A second anode receives each beamlet from the first anode, directs each beamlet along a predetermined axis, further accelerates, and can further compress each beamlet.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube including an electron gun is disclosed. The cathode ray tube includes a panel, a funnel fused to a rear end of the panel, an electron gun which is inserted into the funnel and includes a focus electrode for focusing electron beams emitted from a cathode, and a field controller positioned inside or on a surface of the focus electrode. The field controller surrounds a portion or the entire of an outside electron beam among the aligned electron beams.

Abstract: An electrode plate for an electricity storage and discharge device, which includes a plurality of I/O convergence terminals evenly distributed along a periphery of the electrode plate, and a plurality of conductive structures, each conductive structure for one of the I/O convergence terminals, wherein each conductive structure is of a radial pattern that centers on the one of the I/O convergence terminals, and radiates towards the interior of the electrode plate.

Abstract: A device which employs an electron beam, for performing a desired function, includes an electron gun for generating the electron beam. The electron gun includes a barrel shaped rotatable structure having a plurality of annularly disposed electron sources. A curvature of a surface portion of the rotatable structure is shaped to optimize electric field concentrations. The rotatable structure further includes end portion protrusions.

Abstract: An electrode gun for a cathode-ray tube, including at least a first electrode and a second electrode for shaping and focusing the electron beam emitted by a cathode is described. These electrodes are made of a non-oxidizing alloy whose coefficient of expansion between 20° C. and 300° C. lies between 4×10?6/° C. and 13×10?6/° C.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for achieving an intensity modulated electron blanker are disclosed. An apparatus includes a cathode exposed to an activation source to generate an electron beam. Cathode control circuitry adjusts a cathode control amplifier to regulate cathode voltage and the potential of the electron beam. In some approaches the electron beam potential is used to control the blanking frequency, switching speeds, and duty cycle. In another approach electron generating beams directed on to the cathode are modulated to control the electron beam.

Abstract: An electron gun having an electron source emitting electrons includes: an acceleration electrode which accelerates the electrons; an extraction electrode which has a spherical concave surface having the center on an optical axis and facing the electron emission surface, and which extracts an electron from the electron emission surface; and a suppressor electrode which suppresses electron emission from a side surface of the electron source. In the electron gun, an electric field is applied to the electron emission surface while the electron source is kept at a low temperature in such an extent that sublimation of a material of the electron source would not be caused, to cause the electron source to emit a thermal field emission electron.

Abstract: The electron emitting structure comprises at least one electronic emission zone resulting from the crossing of a cathode electrode (43) and an extraction gate electrode (45). The electronic emission zone comprises a plurality of electron emitting elements (47), the electron emitting elements are positioned in rows in openings (46) made in the gate electrode (45) and in an electrical insulating layer separating the cathode and gate electrodes, wherein the gate openings (46) are positioned in rows, and each gate opening is positioned between two bands of the gate electrode. The structure also comprises focussing means for the electronic beams emitted by the electron emitting elements, formed by a dissymmetrical layout of rows of electron emitting elements (47) and their bands (49) of adjacent gate electrodes, wherein the dissymmetry is organised to focus all of the electronic beams.

Abstract: A light emitting device has a cathode-ray tube and power supply. The cathode-ray tube in an embodiment is optimized for emitting a broad electron beam, in one variation a dome-shaped diffusing grid is used to spread the beam. In another embodiment, the device has a base adapted for attachment to a standard lighting fixture.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate; an electron emission unit on the first substrate, the electron emission unit having at least two electrodes and an emission region for emitting electrons; and a light emission unit on the second substrate to be excited by a beam formed with the electrons. The electron emission unit includes a focusing electrode for focusing the beam. The light emission unit includes a screen on which pixels are arranged in a pattern. Each of the pixels has a phosphor layer. The phosphor layer of one of the pixels is excited by the beam. The focusing electrode includes an opening, through which the beam passes. A length of the opening is LV, a pitch of a pixel is PV, and LV and PV satisfy: 0.25 ?LV/PV?0.60.

Abstract: A CRT includes an electron gun that includes a cathode adapted to emit thermal electrons, a first electrode and a second electrode adapted to form a triode portion together with the cathode, a plurality of focusing electrodes, an anode electrode and a subsidiary electrode arranged between the second electrode and a one of said plurality of focusing electrode adjacent to the second electrode. The subsidiary electrode is adapted to dynamically control an imaginary crossover point ofelectron beams emanating from the electron gun corresponding to landing locations ofthe electron beams on a phosphor screen of a panel in response to a voltage applied thereto.

Abstract: In a control grid for an electron tube, the grid has first bars that are evenly spaced out on a skewed surface and extend substantially as circle pseudo-involutes about a central hub.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube has an electron gun oriented along an axis (Z), comprising a quadrupolar device which comprises three electrodes (5, 6, 7). Each electrode possesses a central aperture, a right lateral aperture and a left lateral aperture all three substantially rectangular. The centers (c5.1, c7.1) of the central apertures of the three electrodes are aligned along the axis (Z) of the gun. The centers (c6.1, c6.3) of the left and right lateral apertures of the second electrode (6) are situated along respectively a first axis (z1) and a second axis (z3) that are parallel to the axis (Z) of the gun. The centers (c5.1, c7.1) of the left and right lateral apertures (5.1, 5.3, 7.1, 7.3) of the first and/or of the third electrode (5,7) are offset with respect to the axes (z1, z3) passing through the centers of the apertures of the second electrode. Such an arrangement makes it possible to correct the MODEC defects.

Abstract: An in-line type electron gun using a field superimposing type main lens system is provided that can attain good focusing properties by decreasing the size of the electron beam spot on the entire surface of the phosphor screen without being formed to be mechanically large. A field superimposing type main lens is formed by disposing two tubular electrodes opposite to each other and disposing a plate-like field correction electrode on each of the tubular electrodes on the sides not opposite to each other. On each of the opposite sides of the two tubular electrodes, an opening is formed by an edge portion and a folded portion. The shape of the opening may be an elongated flat-sided oval shaped aperture (laterally elongated aperture) that is formed by straight lines and semicircles and has a major diameter in the horizontal direction and a minor diameter in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube has an electron gun with a main focusing lens, wherein each electrode comprises a rectangular aperture whose large dimension is along the horizontal axis (Ox) and terminating at its two ends in two identical semi-ellipses of order n that are symmetric with respect to the axis of the gun (Z).

Abstract: An electron gun assembly for a cathode ray tube where the distortion of the electron beam that ordinarily occurs at the periphery of the screen is reduced. The electron gun assembly includes a cathode for emitting electrons, and a plurality of grid electrodes having a control electrode facing the cathode. The grid electrodes sequentially follow the cathode to focus and accelerate the electrons emitted from the cathode. The control electrode has a beam passage hole with a horizontal length H, and a vertical length V being larger than the horizontal length H. The ratio of the vertical to horizontal lengths satisfies the following condition: 1.03?V/H?1.63.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a cathode ray tube, more particularly, to a structure of an electron gun for enhancing resolution of a cathode ray tube. The structure of an electron gun for a cathode ray tube of the invention is effective for enhancing the resolution of the screen without an application of a dynamic voltage.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube comprises a triode including a cathode, a control electrode and an accelerating electrode, a pre-focusing electrode unit adjacent to the triode, a main lens unit including a focusing electrode and an anode for forming a main lens for focusing the electron beam toward a screen, a first focusing electrode unit having vertically-elongated electron beam passing holes and horizontally-elongated electron beam passing holes for forming a quadrupole lens, a second focusing electrode unit having vertically-elongated electron beam passing holes and horizontally-elongated electron beam passing holes for forming a quadrupole lens, and an auxiliary electrode disposed between the first focusing electrode unit and the second focusing electrode unit, to which a dynamic voltage is applied, and including vertically-elongated electron beam passing holes on electron beam incoming side thereof and horizontally-elongated electron beam passing holes on electron beam outgoing side thereof.

Abstract: A main lens is formed by a focus electrode, an intermediate electrode, and an anode electrode successively arranged in a traveling direction of an electron beam. The focus electrode and the anode electrode respectively have an electron beam passage aperture common to three electron beams, having a major axis in a horizontal direction in a portion opposed to the intermediate electrode, and three electron beam passage apertures through which the three electron beams pass are formed respectively in the focus electrode and the anode electrode. Aperture dimensions in a vertical direction of the electron beam passage apertures common to the three electron beams formed respectively in the focus electrode and the anode electrode are smaller than those in the vertical direction of the electron beam passage apertures formed in portions of the intermediate electrode respectively opposed to the focus electrode and the anode electrode.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes three electrodes having clusters of apertures to allow collimation of the electron beam from a cathode. The main lens is operated to focus a parallel beam of electrons on a display screen. Methods for manufacturing by mechanical or semiconductor methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a color cathode ray tube and electron gun, and more particularly, to a color cathode ray tube and electron gun to improve deflection aberration efficiently using magnetic material formed at the electron gun and to improve a resolution of a display screen.

Abstract: An electron gun for a color CRT includes a main focusing lens unit that focuses the electron beams generated by a triode unit. The main focusing lens unit includes a first and a second electrostatic screen grid having three electron beam through holes linearly-arranged for passing three electron beams, two of the holes being external and an oval shaped hole that passes all three electron beams. The oval shaped holes being spaced a distance, d1 and d2, respectively, from the through holes. Furthermore, the first grid external holes have an external distance HL1 and an internal distance HR1 and the second grid external holes have an external distance HL2 and an internal distance HR2; and wherein HL1 is greater than HR1, HL2 is greater than HR2, d1 is greater than d2, HL2 is greater than HL1, and HL2+HR2 is greater than HL1+HR1.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube is disclosed, which has a simple structure and can prevent the spot on a screen from being degraded. In the electron gun for a cathode ray tube including a cathode that emits electron beams, a first electrode that controls the electron beams emitted from the cathode, a second electrode that accelerates the electron beams emitted from the first electrode, and third to fifth electrodes sequentially arranged in a screen direction to act as pre-focus lenses, the electron gun is characterized in that the third to fifth electrodes have different sized electron beam through holes.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes a triode portion including cathodes, a first electrode, and a second electrode arranged with predetermined gaps therebetween. A plurality of electrodes arranged in sequence starting from a position adjacent to the second electrode. The electrodes receiving a voltage, for example, a constant voltage or a dynamic voltage. The dynamic voltage is synchronized with a deflection signal of electron beams. An anode electrode is positioned having a predetermined gap between the electrode arranged farthest from the cathodes. A support maintains the electrodes at predetermined intervals. One of the electrodes is a multiple-element electrode that includes two interconnected sub-electrodes. Gaps are formed between portions the sub-electrodes of the multiple-element electrode.

Abstract: A prefocus lens section is formed by a second grid and a third grid in a substantially rotation-symmetric fashion. A sub-lens section is formed by the third grid and a first segment. A main lens section is formed by a fourth grid and a fifth grid. The third grid is supplied with a voltage that is higher than a focus voltage and lower than an anode voltage. An electron beam, which is prior to entering the main lens section, is shaped to have a greater horizontal dimension than a vertical dimension.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube with a reduced beam spot size on a fluorescent screen is obtained by forming electron beam passing holes on the electrodes composing a triode portion of an electron gun to have horizontally and vertically asymmetric shapes.

Abstract: A projection type cathode ray tube includes a phosphor screen, a cathode, G1, G2 and a main lens composed of first, second and third electrodes. The first and third electrodes are supplied with an anode voltage of the phosphor screen, and the second electrode is supplied with a focus voltage lower than the anode voltage. An inside diameter of an opening in a phosphor screen side end of the second electrode is from 14 mm to 18 mm, and the phosphor screen side end of the second electrode is disposed within the third electrode. An aperture diameter D mm in the G1 electrode and an axial length L mm of the second electrode satisfy the following inequalities: L mm?60×D mm+27.6 mm, L mm??646×D mm+396.3 mm, D mm?0.44 mm, and L mm?75 mm.

Abstract: Axially symmetric magnetic fields are provided about the longitudinal axis of each beam of a multi-beam electron beam device. The magnetic field symmetry is independent of beam voltage, beam current and applied magnetic field strength. A flux equalizer assembly is disposed between the cathodes and the anodes and near the cathodes of a multi-beam electron beam device. The assembly includes a ferromagnetic flux plate completely contained within the magnetic focusing circuit of the device. The flux plate includes apertures for each beam of the multi-beam device. A flux equalization gap or gaps are disposed in the flux plate to provide a perturbation in the magnetic field in the flux plate which counters the asymmetry induced by the off-axis position of the beam. The gaps may be implemented in a number of ways all of which have the effect of producing a locally continuously varying reluctance that locally counters the magnetic field asymmetry.

Abstract: A surface of a first grid electrode, which is located on a cathode side and is one of a plurality of electrodes for an electron gun used in an electrode gun assembly, is formed to be a rough surface having a higher degree of surface roughness than a surface of a second grid electrode located adjacent to the first grid electrode.

Abstract: A prefocus lens section in an electron gun assembly includes a second grid that is disposed on an electron beam generating section side, a third grid that is disposed on a main lens section side, and a shield grid that is disposed between the second grid and the third grid. The shield grid is a cup-shaped electrode with a side wall that surrounds an outer peripheral part of the third grid, which part is located on the second grid side, and extends in parallel to a tube axis. The shield grid has a bottom surface disposed to face the second grid and has an open end disposed to face the third grid. A relationship, Ec<Vf<Er, is established, where Ec is a potential applied to the second grid, Vf is a potential applied to the shield grid, and Er is a potential applied to the third grid.

Abstract: A color picture tube apparatus having an inline electron gun that allows technology for applying a dynamic voltage to an OLF lens to be implemented, while avoiding design difficulties. Eave-shaped electrode plates are attached, parallel with each other in a horizontal scan direction, to a field-correction electrode plate, which is a horizontally long, flatten plate in which three holes are provided, and whose shape is similar to that of an aperture in a circumferential electrode. This structure allows quadrupole lenses to be formed as auxiliary lenses having strong focusing action horizontally and divergent action vertically, and thus an HV differential can be increased. As a result, it is possible to reduce the dynamic voltage without any of the design difficulties accompanying the prior art, in which eave-shaped electrode plates are not provided.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes a cathode for radiating electron beams, a scanning velocity modulation coil for synchronizing the electron beams with an image signal, a focus electrode having first and second sub-electrodes disposed with a gap through which a magnetic field generated by the scanning velocity modulation coil passes, a plurality of grid electrodes with the focus electrode for controlling the electron beams radiated from the cathode, a support for aligning and supporting the grid electrodes, and a shield electrode electrically connected to the first and second sub-electrodes to protect against infiltration of an outer electric field. The shield electrode includes plural intermediate electrodes disposed in the gap between the first and second sub-electrodes, and electrical connecting unit for electrically connecting the intermediate electrodes to the first and second sub-electrodes. The intermediate electrodes are spaced away from each other.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an electron gun of a monochromic CRT comprising at least two electron emission sources (e.g., cathodes) for emitting beams having a small beam spot size and being adapted to impinge on the same spot of a screen of the monochromic CRT after having been focused by a focusing lens or common lens in the electron gun. As an end, the resolution, focusing quality and brightness of the screen of the monochromic CRT are improved.

Abstract: In a picture tube device with a field-emission cold cathode, including a plurality of electron-emitting cathodes, and a lead electrode provided with a plurality of apertures surrounding the plurality of electron-emitting cathodes respectively, a surface of the lead electrode has a curved shape that is convex in an electron emission direction. This makes it possible to obtain a high-resolution and high-performance picture tube device that has an excellent focus performance over an entire beam current.

Abstract: A set of three cathodes, a control electrode, an accelerating electrode, a first focus electrode, a second focus electrode, a third focus electrode, a fourth focus electrode, a final accelerating electrode and a shield cup electrode are provided successively in an electron beam travelling direction. The shield cup electrode has a pair of screen-shaped electrodes that sandwich electron-beam through-holes in a vertical direction. A quadrupole lens that has a horizontal convergent action and a vertical divergent action is generated by an electrical potential difference between the screen-shaped electrodes and the final accelerating electrode. Accordingly, even if vertical and horizontal convergence power difference in a main lens formed by the fourth focus electrode and the final accelerating electrode is not large, a composite lens formed through a combination of the quadrupole lens and the main lens has strong horizontal convergence power and weak vertical convergence power.

Abstract: In an electron gun including a cathode, a control electrode, an acceleration electrode G2, a focusing electrode G3 and an anode, longitudinally elongated concave SL-V which surround an electron beam aperture G2-H and have a long axis in the vertical direction is formed at a focusing electrode G3 side of the acceleration electrode G2, and an electron beam aperture G3-BH formed at the acceleration electrode G2 side of the focusing electrode G3 is formed in a longitudinally elongated shape having a long axis in the vertical direction. Due to such a constitution of the present invention, non-uniformity of the beam spot shape attributed to a deflection quantity can be reduced whereby the optimum focusing can be realized over the whole area of a screen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode ray tube, and more particularly, to a cathode ray tube with reduced stray emissions by improving the electrical conductivity of an electrode material of an electron gun housed in a funnel of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A cap can comprise an aperture, and an attenuator may block the aperture during at least one point in time. In one embodiment, the attenuator can include a cover that may be displaced by a spring. In another embodiment, such as an electron gun, may comprise a support cap with an aperture, a displaceable cover that may cover the aperture, and a spring. A material attached to the spring and acting as a fuse may release the spring and expose the aperture after an electrical current blows the “fuse”. In yet another embodiment, a method for using a tube may comprise evacuating the tube while a cover covers an aperture in the support cap of a electron gun that is at least partially in the tube and moving the cover to expose the aperture after the tube is sealed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for using a multi-element field emission cathode in a color cathode ray tube. The field emission cathode may have from four to ten field emission arrays linearly arranged. The arrays are preferably formed from carbon-based material. An electron gun assembly focuses electron beams from each array on to a phosphor stripe or dot on the screen of the cathode ray tube. Deflection apparatus moves the beam from each field emission array according to clock signals. Clock signals also turn on or turn off voltage to contacts controlling electron current from the array. Values of voltage applied, determined by a video signal, determine the intensity of electron current from each array, which controls the intensity of the light emitted by each color stripe or dot of phosphor on the phosphor screen.