Abstract: A waveguide system may include an inner core, and a conductor wound around the inner core in conductive coils having a coil length, wherein a voltage pulse received by the pulsed waveguide propagates as an induced wave having a group velocity, the group velocity being below a threshold velocity, wherein a reflection signal or an end of line signal generated within the conductor from the induced wave is detectable from the initial voltage pulse.

Abstract: An emitter for an X-ray tube device is configured to irradiate an anode with electrons for X-ray emission. The emitter includes an electron emission portion to be heated by an electric current, a current application leg for supplying the electric current to the electron emission portion, a support leg, a current application leg fixing portion for supporting the current application leg and supplying the electric current to the current application leg, and a support leg fixing portion for supporting the support leg. At least one of materials and shapes are different between the current application leg fixing portion and the support leg fixing portion so that a difference in an amount of thermal deformation between the current application leg and the support leg in a direction vertical to the electron emission portion is reduced when the electron emission portion is heated.

Abstract: A cathode head can include: an insulating member on a base; an electron emitter with a planar emitter surface formed by a plurality of elongate rungs connected together through a plurality of turns from a first emitter end to a second emitter end so as to form a serpentine emitter pattern; a plurality of elongate legs extending from the plurality of turns at an angle relative to the planar emitter surface, each of the legs being coupled with the insulating member; an elongate first lead leg at the first emitter end and an elongate second lead leg at the second emitter end; a first electrical lead and a second electrical lead extending from the base; and a first electrical coupler coupling the first electrical lead to the first lead leg and a second electrical coupler coupling the second electrical lead to the second lead leg.

Abstract: In the present invention, a cathode for an x-ray tube is formed with a large area flat emitter. To reduce aberrations to a minimum the emission area in the flat emitter has a non-rectangular shape and focusing pads arranged around the emitter. In an exemplary embodiment, the flat emitter has a non-rectangular polygonal shape for an emission area on the emitter in order to increase the emission current from the emitter at standard voltage levels without the need to run the emitters at a higher temperature, add additional emitters to the cathode and/or to coat the emitters with a low work function material.

Abstract: An electron beam focusing electrode and an electron gun using the same may include a plate having a polygonal through-hole; at least a projecting portion formed on at least one side of the through-hole. By using the electron beam focusing electrode, a spreading phenomenon of an electron beam having a rectangular cross section may be reduced. Further, the output of the electron gun may be increased, and electron beams may be easily focused.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube has an electron gun with a main focusing lens, wherein each electrode comprises a rectangular aperture whose large dimension is along the horizontal axis (Ox) and terminating at its two ends in two identical semi-ellipses of order n that are symmetric with respect to the axis of the gun (Z).

Abstract: An electron gun that can provide a desired electron beam modulation effect without preventing a modulation magnetic field from passing from an exterior of the vacuum portion is provided. A part of a tubular G3 electrode in an electron gun is formed into a coiled portion to allow the modulation magnetic field to pass through the clearances between parts of a wire composing the coiled portion.

Abstract: An electron gun provides an improved focusing characteristic of electron beams surely and effectively, and permits position alignment to be relatively easy in assembling thereof. In an electron gun which includes a cathode for discharging electrons and a plurality of grids each having electron passing-through holes for guiding the electrons discharged from the cathode unidirectionally, an electron dischargeable region is formed in an electron discharging plane of the cathode, which is band-shaped. In addition, the length of the band-shaped area constituting the electron dischargeable region on its shorter side is less than 80% of the diameter of the area from where electrons are discharged when a practical maximum current is taken out without limiting the electron dischargeable region.

Abstract: In an electron gun for a cathode ray tube in which a focus electrode group includes a single platelike electrode having three apertures arrayed in one plane and a thickness equal to a depth of each of the three apertures, a tapered surface is formed on the entrance side and/or exit side of each of the three apertures, the tapered surface having a diameter larger than the aperture diameter and having a linear or curved shape in cross section, and a step which extends in the direction of the depth is formed around an aperture periphery of the tapered surface. With this constitution, the concentricity between each of the tapered surfaces and a respective one of the apertures can be measured with high precision on the basis of the boundary between each of the tapered surfaces and the corresponding one of the steps, thereby improving the precision of measurement of the concentricity between each of the apertures formed in the platelike electrode and the tapered surface formed around the aperture periphery.

Abstract: An electron gun for producing a beam of electrons has an elongated, linear thermionic cathode and a focusing electrode. The opposite ends of the cathode are engaged by adjustable holders which enable the spatial separation between the cathode and focusing electrode to be easily varied. The focusing electrode is electrically isolated from the cathode whereby fine tuning of the electron beam may be accomplished by varying the potential difference between the focusing electrode and cathode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device to irradiate surfaces with electrons, especially to harden surface layers. The device includes a vacuum chamber that has an electron beam window; an electron beam-permeable film that closes off the vacuum chamber from the ambient medium; and an electron beam generating system, consisting of a cathode and a forming electrode which are connected to a high-voltage and beam current feed line. In order to achieve an increase of the electron beam power and to reduce the energy losses during the transfer out of the electron beam window in such a device, according to the invention, the forming electrode is designed as a tubular hollow body with inner hollow space lengthwise dividers and with a lengthwise slit that is open towards the electron beam window. A wire-shaped cathode is arranged in each hollow space segment divided off by the hollow space lengthwise divider.

Abstract: A dynamic color separation display CRT having an electron beam forming structure for beam generation and electrostatic impingement control. The electron gun forms a group of electron beams and includes a multi-aperture G1 grid for receiving the electron beam group. The group of electron beams overlap and combine to provide an impingement pattern that matches a primary color stripe without use of a shadow mask when focused on the output screen surface. An alternate preferred embodiment includes a grooved cathode to control the size, shape, and profile of the emitted beam.

Abstract: An advanced center post (ACP) gun is provided which is capable of producing either a large orbit or small orbit electron beam. The gun comprises an annular shaped cathode, a control electrode adjacent the cathode, and an annular anode having an opening therethrough. A center post is disposed axially within the center region of the cathode and the control electrode along a center line of the electron gun and interaction region of a microwave device. The anode is shaped in conjunction with the center post to control position of equipotential lines of an electric field provided in an inter-electrode space between the cathode and the anode so that an electron beam emitted by the cathode converges at the anode opening. The control electrode provides electrostatic focusing of the beam to further control the beam convergence. Multiple polepieces provide accurate control of the magnetic field in the interaction region to shape the beam and control the orbit size and velocity spread.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cathode-ray tube which employs an electron gun assembly of the laminar flow (LF) type. The beam emanating from the LF electron gun assembly is directed through a three-electrode einzel lens assembly where the center electrode of the einzel lens assembly is subjected to a modulation voltage. Positioned after the einzel lens assembly are magnetic deflection circuits which include a horizontal and vertical coil enabling the beam to deflect in the horizontal and vertical directions and which circuits are positioned internally within the CRT. A convergence assembly is also built within the neck of the CRT. Thus, the CRT provides the advantages of the laminar flow gun while enabling modulation of the electron beam to provide an extremely small spot size to enable the CRT to operate with small spot size and to provide more efficient deflection at higher modulation rates.

Abstract: Problems of thermal resistance of the anode of an x-ray tube are solved by constructing a flat cathode which is set within a stair-step focusing device. It is shown that, depending on the shape of this device, the heat output on the anode is limited by a saturation value which is lower than a limit of thermal resistance of the x-ray tube. In order to improve the thermal resistance of the cathode, a cathode is constructed in the form of a hollow beam. This ensures rigidity of the cathode which is inherent in its beam shape without being attended by the disadvantages of excessive thermal inertia.

Abstract: A laminar flow electron gun (16) for use in a light valve of the Schlieren dark field type is disclosed. The gun uses three accelerating electrodes (111, 112 and 113) with critical axial spacing to beam diameter ratios to allow independent adjustment and/or modulation of beam current density at the imaged aperture while reducing criticality of electrode voltages on the second and third accelerating electrodes. The design permits, but does not require, the use of a separate control grid electrode (110). The first accelerating electrode (111) is closely spaced to the cathode (119) to provide a virtual cathode at, or about, the voltage level of that electrode that reduces the thermal beam spread normally encountered in conventional electron guns. Primary control of the narrow angle beam current is by adjustment of the beam current density impinging on the final aperture (121) in the gun.

Abstract: An X-ray tube apparatus is disclosed, which comprises a vacuum envelope and, an anode target and a cathode assembly both disposed in the envelope and facing each other. The cathode assembly includes a filament for emitting an electron beam, filament supports for supporting the filament and a beam shaping electrode for passing through the electron beam from the filament and focusing the electron beam. The filament has a flat sheet-like electron emission portion, a pair of U-shaped portions provided at the opposite ends of the electron emission portion, in such manner that they extend from the opposite ends in the direction away from the anode target and bend back toward the anode target, and a pair of supported end portions each extending from the U-shaped portions.

Abstract: A high definition page display system for graphics and text utilizing multiple beams in a CRT is disclosed. Information for the several lines which are written simultaneously is made available in parallel. The invention is described in terms of a character set and text generation, but the same principles apply to any other graphic or bit map and to storage in ROMs or loadable RAMs. Each beam of a multiple CRT tube is biased to generate a portion of a character of graphic as it scans across the tube. It takes 12 lines to scan a character with a N-beam tube, 12 over N character scans are therefore required. With the same scanning speed as with a single beam, this factor can be used to increase definition (i.e. number of lines). Also the advantage of multiple beams can be used to reduce scanning speed, if this is useful to improve brightness or spot definition, or to increase the number of dots per line.

Abstract: A television camera tube comprising, in an evacuated envelope, an electron gun to generate an electron beam which during operation of the tube is focused to form a spot on a photosensitive target. On the target, a potential distribution is formed by projecting an optical image on it. By scanning the target with an electron beam, signals corresponding to the optical image are produced. The target is scanned in a line deflection direction and a frame deflection direction. According to the invention, the spot has an elongate shape, which shape is determined by a line at the edge of the spot which interconnects points having the same current density. The shape of the electron spot is such that the ratio, k, between the lengths of the long and short axes of the spot is 1.4.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.2. The long axis of the spot divides the acute angle between the line deflection direction and the frame deflection direction in such manner that0.degree..ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.60.degree.,where .beta.

Abstract: An electron bombardment ion source of the Freeman type incorporates an electrode having multiple segments which are electrically connected in parallel to provide increased surface area for constant cross section.

Abstract: In an X-ray tube comprising a cathode electrode including a filament for emitting electrons and a focusing electrode having a focusing groove adapted to contain the filament, and an anode electrode opposing the cathode electrode and maintained at a high potential which is positive relative to the filament, an electron emitting region of the filament facing the anode electrode is formed as a substantially flat surface, and the filament, the focusing electrode and the anode electrode are arranged such that a portion of the anode electrode upon which electron collide will be positioned in a focal plane of a cathode lens formed by the filament, the focusing electrode and the anode electrode.

Abstract: In an in line type electron gun structure for a color picture tube wherein electron guns are arranged in line, the electron-beam-pass apertures of at least one set of corresponding electrodes of the respective electron guns for forming pre-focus lens are made rectangular having corners in the directions of the horizontal and vertical deflection magnetic fields.

Abstract: An electron gun comprises a linear thermionic cathode having part of its emitting surface facing an accelerating anode, and the rest of the emitting surface separated by a gap from a cathode-adjacent focusing electrode. The cathode-adjacent focusing electrode is made of two portions spaced apart. On the opposite end surfaces of these portions, there is attached a pair of flat current-conducting springs whose other ends are connected to leads. The other end surfaces of these portions accommodate cathode holders and have a pair of flat springs attached thereto, the other ends of the pair of flat springs being connected to the insulator of the electron gun housing. The pairs of flat springs attached to different portions of the focusing electrode deflect towards each other. The proposed electron gun increases the stability of its electron-optical parameters.

Abstract: A laminar flow electron gun employing a narrow, elongated cathode for forming a rectangular beam and a plurality of electrodes having narrow, elongated apertures cooperating with said cathode to draw electrons from said cathode and operate on the electrons to focus the rectangular beam onto a target by providing a parallel flow region adjacent said cathode, followed by a divergent flow region, in turn, followed by a convergent flow or focusing region.

Abstract: In the tube gun, the apertures of the two grids closest to the cathodes are vertically elongated or, preferably, vertically elliptically shaped to provide at least partial compensation for beam distortion occuring in a deflection zone of the tube.