Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel structure. The pixel structure includes first sub-pixels, second sub-pixels, and third sub-pixels. Two adjacent third sub-pixels facing each other form a third sub-pixel group. The second sub-pixels are arranged in a row along a first axis to form second-sub-pixel rows, the first sub-pixels and the third sub-pixel groups are arranged in an alternating configuration along the direction of the first axis parallel to the second-sub-pixel rows, and the second-sub-pixel rows and rows formed by the first sub-pixels and the third sub-pixel groups are arranged in an alternating configuration. The second sub-pixels are arranged along a direction of a second axis to form second-sub-pixel columns, the first sub-pixels and the third sub-pixel groups are arranged in an alternating configuration along the direction of the second axis parallel to the second-sub-pixel columns, the second-sub-pixel columns and columns are arranged in an alternating configuration.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a light emitting element of a peak emission wavelength in a range of 430 nm to 470 nm and a fluorescent member. The fluorescent member includes a first phosphor including a silicate having a composition that contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, and Br, and Mg and Eu, a second phosphor including an aluminate that has a composition containing Lu and Ce, and a third phosphor having emission spectrum with a half bandwidth of 86 nm or less and including a silicon nitride that has a composition containing at least one of Sr or Ca, and containing Al and Eu.

Abstract: A three-color pixel element for a display comprises a blue emitter disposed at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system having four quadrants, a pair of red emitters and a pair of green emitters spaced apart from the blue emitter and symmetrically disposed about the origin of the rectangular coordinate system in a first and a second pair of opposing quadrants.

Abstract: A flat panel display device has a conductive layer formed between a substrate and a polarization plate to prevent static electricity from appearing between the substrate and the polarization plate, thereby improving screen display quality. The flat panel display device includes: a flat display panel including a substrate having an image display unit, a display element arranged on the image display unit of the substrate, and a sealing unit for sealing the display element; a polarization member arranged on at least one of the substrate and the sealing unit; and a shielding member arranged at a portion that does not correspond to the image display unit of the substrate in order to prevent the appearance of static electricity between the substrate and the polarization member.

Abstract: A phosphor layer having improved contrast and brightness characteristics and a display device including the same are provided. The phosphor layer is made out of an ultra-fine pigment, a dispersant, a phosphor, a photosensitizer and a binder. The phosphor has a uniform distribution along the thickness of the phosphor layer, and the pigment varies in content over the thickness of the phosphor layer. A method of forming the phosphor layer is based on existing phosphor layer processes and includes a reduced number of processing steps than a filter screen method, thereby markedly lowering the manufacturing costs. The phosphor layer can be used in a cathode ray tube, a plasma display panel, a field emission display, and an organic electroluminescent device.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube comprising a panel, said panel including an outer surface which is substantially flat and an inner surface on which a screen composed of red, green and blue phosphors is formed, wherein a screen transmittance of the panel increases and then decreases along a line from a center portion to a peripheral portion of the panel, thus to improve brightness uniformity of a center portion, a peripheral portion and a doming portion of the panel.

Abstract: A plate for a plasma display panel includes a plate member formed of a transparent material, a series of electrodes formed in a predetermined pattern on the plate member, and a dielectric layer formed on the plate member to cover the electrodes, wherein the electrodes are formed of a dielectric first component, and a metallic second component of at least one metal selected from a group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), copper (Cu), and platinum (Pt).

Abstract: In color display tubes (1) with a dotted shadow mask (13) structure and an in-line electron gun (10), the geometry of the screen (6) and the deflection field produced by the deflection unit (11) cause triad rotation, which is a rotation of the three phosphor dots (red, green and blue) corresponding to one aperture of the shadow mask (13) with respect to the horizontal scan lines (35). This problem can be solved by giving the horizontal lines (35) a curved shape. However, in the prior art situation a parabolic shape is used, leading to severe moiré problems, because the vertical pitch asv (38) is influenced too strongly at the vertical screen edges. This problem can be overcome by using fourth order or even sixth order terms in the shape of the horizontal lines (35). A pure fourth order function reduces the vertical pitch asv 38 variation by 50% with respect to the parabolic prior-art situation, and a pure sixth order function even leads to a reduction by 67%.

Abstract: In a color picture tube, a phosphor screen is formed on an inner face of a face panel, which is formed of a plurality of phosphor lines in the form of stripes, and a color selecting electrode opposed to the phosphor screen is provided. The color selecting electrode has a plurality of apertures and bridges each separating the adjacent apertures from each other in a direction along the phosphor lines. In the vicinities of shadows of the bridges formed as a result of projection by electron beams, each of light emitting regions in which the phosphor lines emit light by irradiation with the electron beams has a part in which a wide portion of a greater width than a basic width Wb of the light emitting region is provided. Darkening of the phosphor screen can be compensated, which is caused by the shadows of the bridges shading the phosphor lines. Thus, a decrease in the luminance of the phosphor screen and picture noise that are caused by the shadows of the bridges can be suppressed.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image forming apparatus in which electric discharge by a peeled metal back film is prevented. In the image forming apparatus provided with a rear plate having an electron emitting device, and a face plate having a conductive film and a fluorescent layer having fluorescent particles, the conductive film is disposed on the fluorescent layer. When an average thickness of the fluorescent layer is set to d, an average particle diameter of the fluorescent particles is rp, and the thickness of the fluorescent film is D, D−rp≦d≦D+rp is satisfied.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube (CRT) display includes a display panel having a matrix of addressable carbon nanotubes, in which each individual nanotube can be selected to help draw a corresponding electron beam from a red, green, or blue electron gun to the desired portion of the display panel, thereby creating the desired image on through the display panel.

Abstract: A black matrix, a preparation method thereof and a display device employing the black matrix. The black matrix which is a black coating layer surrounding pixels of the display device, includes SiO which is a dielectric material and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti). The black matrix has excellent thermal and chemical stability and is environmentally desirous by using a mixture of a nontoxic metal and a dielectric material. Also, the black matrix exhibits excellent adhesion to a substrate without an annealing process, is excellent in mechanical characteristic due to the absence of internal stress and is capable of being micro-patterned to have a particle size of 1 &mgr;m or less. When applied to the substrate of the display device, the black matrix exhibits excellent external light absorbing effect. Therefore, a display device having improved luminance and contrast characteristics can be attained.

Abstract: A display device utilizes a plurality of pixels arranged in a predetermined configuration for recording and displaying information. Each pixel includes a substrate and a light modulating material for selectively modulating a predetermined wave length of light by transitoning between a first and a second state in response to a heater element. The light modulating material in the first state causes destructive interference in the predetermined wave length of light and in the second state causes constructive interference in the predetermined wave length of light. The pixel structure is buried within an aerogel thereby minimizing the heat dissipation rate from the pixels.

Abstract: A pixel for a display device has a shape outlined by a black matrix or a barrier. The pixel is shaped with a polygon having 2(n+1) angled portions where n is a natural number of 2 or more. Such a pixel may be also processed without a previously formed black matrix.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube includes black matrix films (31) formed on an inner surface of a glass panel (29) with a predetermined positional relation. The black matrix films (31) have a plurality of light transmission window portions (33, 35, 37), and fluorescent substance films (55) formed by fluorescent substance particles (39, 41, 43) of green, blue, and red at the light transmission portions. In the color cathode ray tube, the fluorescent substance films have wave length selective layers (45, 47) partly coated on a surface of at least one kind of the fluorescent substance particles of green, blue, and red. Each of the fluorescent substance films has a wave length selective characteristic.

Abstract: A flat panel display device includes a cathode (58) in parallel opposed position to and vertically separated from an anode (56). Red (46), green (44), and blue (42) subpixels are sequentially arrayed on the anode (56). Electron emitter subpixels (50, 52, 54) are arrayed on the cathode (58) in paired relationship to the red, green, and blue subpixels (46, 44, 42) located on the anode (56). To provide enhanced color performance, the surface area of the blue subpixel (42) is greater than the surface area of either the green subpixel (44) or the red subpixel (46). Additionally, the red subpixel (46) is horizontally shifted toward the green subpixel (44) and away from the blue subpixel (42).

Abstract: A color filter composition, a color display device, and a production method of the same with which an increase of the luminance, an increase of the contrast, an increase in the range of color reproduction, and an improvement of the function for preventing reflection of outside light can be achieved. The color filter composition has a spectral characteristic allowing specific light of the visible region to pass therethrough and is composed of fine particles of an inorganic metal oxide containing 15 percent by weight or less of particles having a particle size of 0.1 .mu.m or more based on the weight of all of the particles and contains 70 percent by weight or more of particles having a particle size of 0.01 .mu.m to 0.07 .mu.m based on the weight of all of the particles. A color filter is formed on an inner surface of a panel of a display device by screen printing or heat transfer printing by using this color filter composition.

Abstract: The brightness of a color CRT with a pigmented phosphor screen is improved by providing a composite layered screen in which a first layer of the composite layer is a relatively thin, heavily pigmented layer and a second is non-pigmented.

Abstract: For the manufacture of a color screen for a cathode ray tube a process is described which uses a single photolithographic mask for defining multiple patterns, so that said single mask may be used for determining the different areas where several different phosphor layers will be located. Masks used for conventional photolithographic processes normally comprise a pattern of regions that are either fully transparent or fully opaque to the radiation used for exposing the resist. The mask used as part of the present invention includes regions that are neither fully transparent nor fully opaque, having, instead, a grey scale of optical densities. Through careful control of both exposure and development time, selected parts of a layer of a positive photoresist, that were exposed through successively denser regions of the mask, can be successively removed.

Abstract: An image display faceplate having a plurality of recesses (dimples) formed therein for receiving discrete phosphor droplets and having a conformal metallization layer disposed thereon is provided. The phosphor system so described may be dispensed onto the faceplate without the need for multiple sequential depositions, maskings, and material removals and provides for a single step deposition of dis-similar phosphor materials of which the phosphor system is comprised.

Abstract: A flat display includes a front panel having a fluorescent screen on its rear side, a rear panel defining a flat space with the front panel, linear filament cathodes arranged close to the rear panel, and an address electrode plate having a multiplicity of apertures and disposed close to the front panel. The rear panel is formed on its inner surface with spacer ridges each extending on each side of each filament cathode therealong and having a height to reach the address electrode plate. The spacer ridges give the flat display improved strength against pressure.

Abstract: A color reference CRT of the type employing a screen of a pattern of individual phosphor elements of different color components, is produced by adjusting the screen weights of the different color components to achieve the desired reference color when the screen is scanned by an electron beam of predetermined beam current and anode potential.

Abstract: A color picture tube includes a vacuum envelope having a faceplate, a phosphor screen formed to include semitransparent black light-absorption layers coated on a first region of the faceplate in stripes or in a matrix, and phosphor layers of blue, red and green emitting phosphors coated on a second region of the faceplate in stripes or in dots, and an electron gun, arranged within the vacuum envelope, for emitting and focusing electron beams. End portions of the phosphor layers extend over the black light-absorption layers, thereby forming overlapped portions. Gaps are provided between the phosphor layers and over the black light-absorption layers, thereby forming light-absorption sections on which no phosphor layer is provided.

Abstract: In a glass viewing screen for a color-picture-reproducing device, the phosphor areas deposited on the inside of the glass viewing screen are surrounded by a sealing-glass matrix. The matrix is made of a sealing glass that shrinks upon thermal crystallization so that the sealing glass may be deposited by screen printing.

Abstract: An improved cataphoretic process is disclosed for use in the manufacture of a color cathode ray tube. The process provides for depositing in sequence on the tube screening surface at least two separate patterns of phosphor elements, with each pattern of elements capable of emitting light of a different color when excited. The process according to the invention comprises first depositing an electrically conductive coating over the screening surface for use as an electrode during each deposition operation. Second, an electrically insulative barrier is deposited over the conductive coating. Portions of the barrier are removed selectively and sequentially for controlling patterned, sequenced cataphoretic access to the electrically conductive coating.

Abstract: A method of producing a luminescent viewing screen using a quadrupole focus mask having apertures substantially larger than the phosphor screen elements is described. The method includes the steps of providing a film of a photosensitive polymeric substance on a faceplate and exposing the film through the focus mask. A first phosphor material is subsequently deposited on the region of the faceplate that was shadowed during the exposure. The process is repeated at different angles of exposure and with different color-emitting phosphor materials until at least two and preferably three different color emitting phosphor materials are deposited to form a cyclic array of screen elements.

Abstract: By adjusting the exposure dosages for the three primary color phosphors in the photolithographic process used to produce color CRTs for color television, standard whites of desired color temperatures are obtained. The aperture mask used in the photolithographic process is then discarded, and the CRT is operated as a monochrome tube in a standard receiver. Stable, rugged and portable color references are thus produced.

Abstract: By adjusting the exposure dosages for the three primary color phosphors in the photolithographic process used to produce color CRTs for color television, standard whites of desired color temperatures are obtained. The aperture mask used in the photolithographic process is then discarded, and the CRT is operated as a monochrome tube in a standard receiver. Stable, rugged and portable color references are thus produced.

Abstract: A TV bulb and method of manufacture are disclosed. A collector printing process is utilized for applying TV phosphor compounds with associated black background to the inner face of the TV panel. Also, an offset printing process is utilized for printing an acid resist ink on both sides of a TV aperture mask after it has been formed into an approximate spherical or cylindrical shape. Masks and panels produced in accordance with the present invention are interchangeable during bulb manufacture.

Abstract: Image display including a viewing screen comprising spaced elemental image areas and a light-absorbing matrix of crystalline zinc-iron sulfide particles adjacent to these areas. The display may be made by producing a layer which is tacky in substantially the pattern of the desired matrix, and then contacting crystalline zinc-iron sulfide particles with the tacky pattern, whereby particles adhere to the tacky pattern, thereby producing the desired matrix.

Abstract: Image display including a viewing screen comprising spaced elemental image areas and a light-absorbing matrix of crystalline zinc-iron sulfide particles adjacent to these areas. The display may be made by producing a layer which is tacky in substantially the pattern of the desired matrix, and then contacting crystalline zinc-iron sulfide particles with the tacky pattern, whereby particles adhere to the tacky pattern, thereby producing the desired matrix.

Abstract: A collector printing process is utilized for applying thermoplastic pressure-sensitive inks, corresponding to the color TV phosphors and the black matrix, onto the inner face of the TV panel. Separate inks, formed of inorganic pigments and a thermoplastic pressure-sensitive medium, are each separately patterned. The separate inks are then printed in registration onto a collector to form a composite pattern. Upon completion, the composite pattern is completely transferred to the TV panel by contact of the collector against the inner panel face to form the target.

Abstract: The enhancement of the intrinsic viewing screen brightness of the Mosaic Additive system of color reproduction, sufficient for saturated reflectance color displays to be viewed comfortably by the ambient light, is taught. The enhancement comprises three means which may be employed severally or in combinations, to wit:I. Photoluminescent compositions in the color elements.II. Juxtaposed subtractive primaries with the additive primaries, as color elements.III. Variable (optical) density interstices.It is within the contemplation of the invention to effect an image, in cooperation with the viewing screen of this invention, by any suitable mechanical, electrical and/or chemical impression technique where it is desired to produce a Mosaic Additive color image for viewing with the unaided normal human eye by reflected ambient light. Such uses include: reflectance color--Television, Printing, Facsimile, Photography, and Xerography.

Abstract: In a bistable direct-view storage tube capable of storing two different images simultaneously and displaying them in different colors, a target electrode or a storage surface comprising an array of red-light-emitting phosphor strips, an array of green-light-emitting phosphor strips interlaced or interleaved with the red-light-emitting phosphor strips, first and second conductor films in the form of a comb with each tooth surrounding each of the phosphor strips and being in electrical contact therewith, each tooth being in the form of a ladder with parallel-side-piece strips and cross-piece strips which divide each phosphor strip into a plurality of substantially equally spaced phosphor lands, whereby every phosphor land can be kept impressed with a predetermined bias voltage even when any of the teeth is electrically damaged.

Abstract: A tube of the shadow mask type having a line screen and a slit aperture mask wherein the slits are arranged in columns and the slits in each column are separated by web portions of the mask is improved by the addition to the screen of light absorbing material in patches located only in alignment with the webs.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluorescent screen for color picture tubes comprises applying to the tube front plate a continuous sensitized filter layer and exposing it, applying a continuous sensitized fluorescent layer and exposing it through a mask and removing the unexposed parts of the fluorescent layer and the filter layer therebeneath by washing.

Abstract: Programmable power supplies are made responsive to beam-index and timing signals in order to automatically control the size and position of the display on a cathode ray tube. The high voltage power supply is also made programmable, responsive to video signal content, to reduce the energy stored in the high voltage circuits. Savings in energy consumption are also obtained by efficiently modulating the target screen of a beam-index type color cathode ray tube. Energy lost at the target screen is less than 10% compared to approximately 70% for a conventional color tube, an improvement factor of 7:1 or more.

Abstract: Across the screen is a mosaic of spaced phosphor bodies which emit light of different colors when excited by electrons. Phosphors which emit three different colors, e.g. red, green and blue, are used and are disposed in a regular repetitive array of groups of three, i.e. triads. In every other triad the phosphor body which emits the color which has the least acuity to the eye, e.g. blue, is replaced by a nonluminescent black material. The blue phosphor bodies are of a width substantially equal to the width of the penumbra of the electron beam which impinges on the blue phosphor bodies. The red and green emitting phosphor bodies are of a width substantially equal to the umbra of their corresponding electron beams which is about one-half the penumbra of the beams.

Abstract: A fluorescent screen formed on the inner surface of the face plate of a color picture tube comprises a plurality of spaced apart light absorbing layers between adjacent matrix windows, light reflection layers formed on the light absorbing layers, stripe shaped three color phosphors respectively formed between adjacent light reflection layers to fill the matrix windows, and a metal back layer covering the light reflection layers and the three color phosphors. Each light reflection layer takes the form of a triangular section having a height substantially equal to the thickness of the three color phosphors and the opposite sides of the triangle incline toward the sides of the matrix windows. The width of each window is equal to the difference between a maximum electron beam diameter and one half the difference between the pitch of the windows and the width of each window.

Abstract: Color television display tube of the shadow mask type with phosphor lines. In connection with the unequal center distances between the central electron spot and the two outermost electron spots of a triplet as a result of the properties of the deflection coils, the width of the phosphor lines is chosen to be so that the electron spots in the case of mislanding simultaneously cross the edge of the phosphor lines. As a result of this the "white-remains-white" effect is obtained. The intermediate spaces between the phosphor lines of a triplet are preferably equal, which facilitates the inspection of the screens during the manufacture.

Abstract: A color picture tube, wherein a set of three electron beams emitted from respective three electron-emitting members of an electron gun, or from respective three electron guns, is projected onto a screen, and sets of each three luminous strips on this screen are selectively energized to emit luminous color lights, characterized in that the numeral ratios between said luminous strips by pieces and said slots of the shadow mask, respectively, are about 1:1 vertically and about 3:1 horizontally, and also that every strip as well as its set is complete insulated from adjacent strips and their sets by a light-absorbent film filling all the gaps inbetween.With such construction, a color picture tube having excellent brightness and contrast characteristic, being free from disturbing vertical strips, has been obtained.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts a novel apparatus for use in a color television picture tube having a faceplate attached to the mouth of a funnel portion. The faceplate has an electron excitable phosphor screen deposited on the inner surface thereof, the phosphor screen having groups of at least two different types of phosphor elements. The funnel portion has a neck attached thereto opposite the mouth, the neck containing an electron gun assembly having at least two electron guns for directing at least two streams of electrons towards the phosphor screen. The two types of phosphor elements differ in the intensity of their light output for a predetermined current in the impinging electron stream, that is, they have different functional dependencies on the current of the electron stream.

Abstract: Improvement is provided in a color cathode ray tube of the post-deflection acceleration type, in the form of an operational system including related tube geometry. An electron barrier, consisting of a metallic film having a defined voltage penetration threshold, is adheringly disposed on the surface of the screen. The potential on the screen is in the order of substantially 20 to 40 kilovolts while the potential of the related color-selection electrode is more than substantially 72 percent and less than 85 percent of the screen potential thereby effecting a definitive voltage differential (.DELTA.V) therebetween that is substantially equal to or less than the voltage penetration threshold of the metallic film. The improvement in the system provides enhanced contrast and color purity in the screen display and minimizes background luminescence of the screen resultant from spurious impingement of secondary electrons generated in the tube.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube screen structure, having means for enhancing the absorption of ambient light and providing improvement in the contrast of the image display, is comprised of three superimposed substantially continuous window-defining layers of optical filter materials. The primary, secondary and tertiary filter layers have discretely disposed window areas formed therein to expose a pattern of filter areas representing the respective filter materials. The filter windows are of a shaping similar to that of the apertures in a spatially related pattern mask member. Each window exhibits a uniform periphery free of indentations, being so defined by a uniform opaque interstitial encompassment homogeneously made up of the three distinct layers of filter materials. Disposed over the filter windows is a patterned screen of cathodoluminescent phosphor elements, which upon electron excitation produces color-emissions that are colormetrically related to the respective filter windows therebeneath.

Abstract: A color picture tube in which at least one of phosphor layers emitting green, blue and red lights which are deposited on the inner surface of a glass panel contains a black light-absorbing material.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts a color television picture tube having an evacuated envelope, an electron gun, a color selection electrode defining a pattern of electron beam passing apertures and a multi-color image screen. The image screen has a corresponding pattern of triads of red-light-emissive, blue-light-emissive and green-light-emissive phosphor elements. The elements are spaced each from one another by a light absorbing material. The tube is characterized by having within at least selected triads in said pattern of triads a first phosphor element and associated electron beam landing area with either a positive or negative tolerance condition. The remaining two phosphor elements and associated beam landing areas have an opposite tolerance condition to that obtained for the first phosphor element.

Abstract: The electrophotographic manufacture of the phosphor patterns for a display screen of a color television display tube. This process is performed in as many stages as there are different phosphor zones and possibly also for a light-absorbing intermediate pattern. Contamination of a phosphor which has already been precipitated may easily occur with a next phosphor in this case. According to the invention this is obviated by an intermediate rinsing operation with a solution of an antistatic agent, in an apolar solvent. The antistatic agent is selected from the group consisting of soaps of bivalent metals, soaps of multivalent metals and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube (CRT) provides excitation of a plurality of noncontiguous picture elements disposed substantially in a matrix configuration of rows and columns on the inside surface of a video screen formation included within the tube, with a hollow electron beam provided by a modulatable, hollow beam electron gun assembly within the tube, each picture element including a plurality of different color phosphors deposited in a determined concentric geometric pattern, the screen formation further including a high work function dielectric material disposed interposingly with the picture elements of the matrix configuration for providing a negative electrostatic field gradient in a direction opposite to that of the incident hollow electron beam horizontally deflected across the screen by a deflection circuit, to cause registration of the beam with each successive picture element and to cause, in combination with the deflection circuit, the beam to step from the center of one picture element to the center

Abstract: A green emitting ZnS: Cu, Al cathodoluminescent phosphor having x and y coordinate values of from 0.250 to 0.280 and 0.560 to 0.615 respectively, is produced by a critical firing schedule exemplified by slow heating to about 1000.degree. C, soaking at this temperature for about 1 hour, followed by slow cooling at about 3.degree. C per minute to 700.degree. C, followed by air quenching. The phosphor is useful for example, in tri-color television color television cathode ray tubes.

Abstract: An image display comprising a viewing screen including a layer of phosphor particles emissive of light of a particular visual color and color filter particles transmissive of light of that color .Iadd.partially .Iaddend.covering .[.between 20 and 80 percent of.]. the surfaces of the phosphor particles.