Abstract: This invention is an optical improvement to minerals that exhibit an image translation capability. These minerals translate an image between faces; however, the minerals exhibit considerable crosstalk between crystal fibers, which reduce image sharpness, contrast, and signal. This invention greatly reduces crystal fiber crosstalk.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic apparatus, such as a lighting device comprised of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a power generating apparatus comprising photovoltaic diodes, which may be created through a printing process, using a semiconductor or other substrate particle ink or suspension and using a lens particle ink or suspension. An exemplary apparatus comprises a base; at least one first conductor; a plurality of substantially spherical or optically resonant diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of diodes; and a plurality of substantially spherical lenses suspended in a polymer attached or deposited over the diodes. The lenses and the suspending polymer have different indices of refraction. In some embodiments, the lenses and diodes have a ratio of mean diameters or lengths between about 10:1 and 2:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic apparatus, such as a lighting device comprised of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or a power generating apparatus comprising photovoltaic diodes, which may be created through a printing process, using a semiconductor or other substrate particle ink or suspension and using a lens particle ink or suspension. An exemplary apparatus comprises a base; at least one first conductor; a plurality of diodes coupled to the at least one first conductor; at least one second conductor coupled to the plurality of diodes; and a plurality of lenses suspended in a polymer deposited or attached over the diodes. The lenses and the suspending polymer have different indices of refraction. In some embodiments, the lenses and diodes are substantially spherical, and have a ratio of mean diameters or lengths between about 10:1 and 2:1. The diodes may be LEDs or photovoltaic diodes, and in some embodiments, have a junction formed at least partially as a hemispherical shell or cap.

Abstract: Lighting devices are formed of a conductive loaded resin-based material. The conductive loaded resin-based material comprises micron conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination of conductive powder and conductive fibers in a base resin host. The ratio of the weight of the conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination of conductive powder and conductive fibers to the weight of the base resin host is between about 0.20 and 0.40. The micron conductive powders are formed from non-metals, such as carbon, graphite, that may also be metallic plated, or the like, or from metals such as stainless steel, nickel, copper, silver, that may also be metallic plated, or the like, or from a combination of non-metal, plated, or in combination with, metal powders. The micron conductor fibers preferably are of nickel plated carbon fiber, stainless steel fiber, copper fiber, silver fiber, or the like.

Abstract: A flat display panel (MPDP) of the emissive plasma pixel element type for scanned television image reproduction is disclosed yielding bright, efficient and rugged displays for TV applications by use of MEMS and VLSI technology for fabrication. The invention takes a commplete system approach towards designing a high efficiency television display of the mini type for portable applications. A main objective of the present invention is to overcome problems inherent in X-Y matrix scanning of the picture elements in a flat display screen. A simplified addressing method eliminates the need for conventional X-Y matrix addressing of 1200 conductors. By means of the invention a gaseous electric discharge causes a visible light pixel to move progressively and recurrently along a series of adjacent electrodes by application of voltage impulses so as to achieve interlaced scanning. Improved construction technology to achieve very small pixel elements is a feature of the inventive struture.

Abstract: In an image intensifier comprising an entrance faceplate, made of a material transparent to light, having a photoelectric surface, formed on a surface opposite to a light entrance surface, for photoelectrically converting incident light into an electron; and an optical fiber block, constituted by a plurality of optical fibers bundled together, having a phosphor face at an end face of each optical fiber on the light entrance side, for emitting light in response to the electron incident thereon; the photoelectric surface of the entrance faceplate and the phosphor face of the optical fiber block opposing each other, while a vacuum atmosphere being formed therebetween; the optical fiber block is provided with a pit in which an end face of a core portion of each optical fiber is recessed from an end face of a cladding portion thereof, the bottom of the pit is filled with a phosphor, the surface of this phosphor is provided with a metal back layer, the cladding portion projects from the surface of the phosphor towa

Abstract: In a fluorescent lamp with amalgam, a surface of the amalgam is covered by a barrier having at least one opening through which mercury atoms can move to a discharge space of the lamp from the amalgam while the lamp is being lighted. When the lamp is switched off, the barrier restricts the return of the mercury atoms from the discharge space to the amalgam. The amalgam solidifies faster than all the mercury atoms return to the amalgam, so that a lot of mercury atoms remain in the discharge space. When the lamp is re-lighted, an initial mercury vapor pressure can be maintained. Thus, the lamp illuminates at a predetermined intensity of the luminance from the beginning of the re-lighting.

Abstract: An imaging tube having a fiber optic plate (FOP) as an output faceplate. On one surface of the FOP within an evacuated envelope is deposited a first transparent conductive layer. On the first transparent conductive layer is deposited a fluorescent layer. On the fluorescent layer is deposited a metal-back electrode. On the other surface of the FOP outside the evacuated envelope is deposited a second transparent conductive layer. The first transparent conductive layer and the metal-back electrode are electrically connected so that an electrical field is not developed across the fluorescent layer when the metal-back electrode is applied with a high positive voltage and the second transparent conductive layer is grounded. Therefore, even if leakage currents flow through the FOP, electric charges impinging upon the first transparent conductive layer will not cause the fluorescent layer to generate noise spots.

Abstract: A high resolution, cathodoluminescent display screen or device and a method of producing such a display device is disclosed. The display screen includes a plurality of channel structures having longitudinal ends, a transparent medium formed in a plane to which the channel structures are fixed with one longitudinal end thereof oriented toward the plane of the transparent medium, and a cathodoluminescent material deposited on the channel structures whereby incident electrons and light generated by the incident electrons are directed along the channel structures. Preferably, the display screen also includes a mechanism for removing built up charge from the display screen, such as conductive channel structures and/or a conductive transparent medium. The cathodoluminescent material can include phosphors, and for producing a color display, different materials producing different colors would be used. In one preferred embodiment, the channel structures are tubules.

Abstract: A contrast enhancement filter for color displays, particularly adapted for color CRT tubes of the shadow mask type. A transparent plate has applied thereon absorptive areas, each area dyed with a primary color corresponding to the color dots of the CRT display face and a plurality of such color areas randomly disposed over each color dot. Since the absorption areas are spacially independent, each color area acts independently of the others. The filter provides bandpass efficiency comparable to monochrome filters, and has a broad viewing range essentially independent of angle of vision. In a further embodiment, colored oriented fiber-optic elements are disposed over the phosphor dots in a predetermined array, allowing the filter plate to replace a conventional faceplate and filter combination structure, while providing a selective viewing angle of high contrast. The filter is suitable for any light-responsive display screen, also including liquid crystal elements.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for color cathode ray tube having a single faceplate with a phosphor screen on an inner surface thereof comprises light source device including an initial light source for emitting ultraviolet light, exposure device including a base for supporting the faceplate with a photosensitive layer having a plurality of sub-regions to form the phosphor screen, a plurality of secondary light sources emitting exposure light for exposing corresponding sub-regions and moving device for shifting position of the secondary light sources, and light distribution device for equally distributing a part of ultraviolet light emitted from the light source device to the secondary light sources.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube useful as a transducer for converting electrical signal information into a visual pattern on a recording medium uses a cylindrical envelope along which a signal modulated beam is projected. A fiber optics plate is positioned along the sidewall of the envelope and the beam is swept in a liner scan of the fiber optics plate by an array of electromagnets, positioned along the envelope and properly excited to deflect the beam appropriately. For monitoring the properties of the electron beam, the inner surface of the end plate of the envelope is provided with a patterned coating of luminescent material on which the electron beam is incident when undeflected by the array of electromagnets. Sensors are provided for measuring the flux distribution for monitoring the properties of the electron beam.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube useful as a transducer in a recording system is provided with a cylindrical envelope whose length is much longer than its width. An electron gun at one end of the envelope provides an electron beam directed for flow along the longitudinal axis of the envelope. A fiber optics faceplate is positioned to extend longitudinally in a sidewall of the envelope. The inner surface of the faceplate is coated with an electron-sensitive coating and the outer surface is positioned in contact with a recording medium. An array of electromagnets are positioned along the envelope and when energized the electron beam is deflected for repetitive linear scan of the faceplate. For relaxing the requirements of the deflecting system, various techniques are described, including modification of the tube envelope.

Abstract: A streaking tube has fiber cables, and the fiber cables are buried in a faceplate made of glass or fiber and arranged in line passing through the center of the faceplate so that the inner edges of the respective fiber cables are set to the inner surface of the faceplate. A photocathode is formed thereon. Any faceplate areas other than those of the fiber cables are shielded to eliminate unwanted noises.

Abstract: A color image recording apparatus for recording a color image uses a cathode-ray tube having a screen with an inner surface to be bombarded with an electron beam, which is coated in a striped manner with a first fluorescent material for emitting blue and green light and with a second fluorescent material for emitting red light, and its outer surface is provided with a blue filter and a green filter each opposed to a respective portion of the first fluorescent material, and with a red filter opposed to the second fluorescent material. Successive scanning lines are formed on a surface by relatively moving the position of the scanning line on the surface in a direction perpendicular to said scanning direction so that each scanning line is scanned by light from each of the colors.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube has a fibre optic faceplate with a uniform phosphor layer on the inside and color elements on the outside, which may be color filters or color phosphors responsive to light from the inside phosphor layer. With this arrangement, the tube may be rugged and alignment problems as between the shadow mask and color elements are eliminated since the color element may be formed after the tube has been permanently assembled, the formation of the color elements being achieved utilizing light generated by the inside phosphor layer in response to irradiation thereof by the electron beams. The shadow mask is arranged so that the zones of the inside phosphor layer irradiated by the scanning electron beams each have an area which covers the ends of a plurality of the optical fibres.

Abstract: The luminescent screen of a cathode ray tube includes an array of monocrystalline or amorphous phosphor rod-like elements which are covered with a reflective coating except for one end of each element which serves as an output face. The phenomenon of the light trapping is advantageously exploited to achieve enhanced brightness. The screen is illuminated with an electron beam which has an essentially oblong cross section and which is oriented along the elongated dimension of the elements. In one embodiment the elements comprise epitaxial Lu.sub.3 Al.sub.3 Ga.sub.2 O.sub.12 :Ce on the top of a YAG substrate, and a light absorbing layer of Lu.sub.3 Al.sub.3.5 Fe.sub.1.5 O.sub.12 is formed on the bottom of the substrate. A printer utilizing such a CRT is described. Also described is a configuration in which each of the rod-like elements functions as a laser.

Abstract: A device for the restitution and/or analyzing (digitalizing) of color images on an image carrier, comprising a cathode ray tube with a line screen, an assembly of optical fibers fixed on the front face of the tube screen, a color mask in film form, fixed in front of the optical fibers assembly and carrying at least three lines of different colors, means of scanning the screen by the electron beam of the tube along different lines corresponding to the lines of the color mask; and means of relative displacement between the color mask and an image carrier situated in front of the mask, so that each line of the image is scanned by each of the beams produced by the scannings of the screen along the different lines of colors of the mask.

Abstract: The invention relates to luminescent screen comprising an optical fibre plate formed by the reunion of elementary optical fibres constituted by bars of core glass (10) enveloped by a cladding glass (12), the optical fibre plate being provided with cavities obtained after having hollowed out partially the core glass. The bottom of the cavities is covered by a deposit of a restoring material (30) which is transparent to the luminous flux, improving the surface state and the flatness of the bottom of the cavities and tending to minimize the break (32) at the intersection between the bottom and the wall of each cavity. The restoring material preferably has an optical index near that of the core glass in order to ensure the optical continuity. Said screen of high resolution and high luminous efficiency is used in display tubes such as night-vision tubes, X-ray converter tubes, slid scanning tubes, cathode ray tubes used in oscilloscopy or in television.

Abstract: A phosphor screen constructed by forming a phosphor layer on one side of an optical fiber plate consisting of a large number of bundled single optical fibers, each of which fibers comprises a cylindrical core and a clad surrounding the curved surface of the fiber core. At least that side of the respective fiber cores which faces the phosphor layer is removed, to provide a depression. Sufficiently large spaces are formed between the fiber cores and phosphor layer, to prevent both members from being brought into optical contact with each other.

Abstract: A display device with a cooling circuit in the screen to limit the rise in temperature of the luminescent material, particularly during strong current densities of the electron beam. The device comprises a window formed of an optical fiber plate of which one or several cladding glasses have been partially removed in order to form channels for the passage of a cooling liquid while maintaining studs comprising light conductors formed by the glass core surrounded by a cladding glass of the optical fiber plate. A transparent display window having a luminescent layer is glued or sealed to the window thus constituting a cooling network connected to an external circulation by pipes embedded in moulding tubes.

Abstract: A variable gain R.I.I. target is obtained by using an optical fibre board, whose face on the R.I.I. side has blind holes containing two types of granular luminescent materials having different luminous efficiencies and which are separated by a barrier layer. The electron beam from the R.I.I. photocathode is subject to two different accelerating voltages, the lower accelerating voltage exciting the luminescent material with the lower luminous efficiency and the higher accelerating voltage exciting the luminescent material with the higher luminous efficiency. Application to image intensifier tubes, used more specifically in radiology and fluoroscopy.

Abstract: A phosphor screen which has an optical fiber plate formed of a number of bundled single optical fibers, each of which fibers consists essentially of a cylindrical core and a clad surrounding the curved peripheral wall of the core and a phosphor layer formed on one surface of the optical fiber plate, characterized in that the cylindrical core on the other surface of the optical fiber plate is removed, to provide a depression of a depth of at least 1 .mu.m, thereby producing an image having high contrast.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel light transmitting assembly comprised of a screen assembly having a plurality of generally conically-shaped repeater orifices wherein an optical fiber of an optical fiber bundle is disposed within each repeater orifice and wherein the repeater orifices are enclosed with an optical fiber array disc and wherein the optical fiber bundle is positioned between the screen assembly and a frame member for displaying thereon electromagnetic radiation preferably in the actinic range.

Abstract: A three-dimensional display device incorporating a large number of illumination points located in a regular pattern within a three-dimensional display region is disclosed. The display region is defined by an optically transparent housing, while the illumination points are the exit tips of wave guides such as optical fibers. The fibers are arranged in bundles mounted vertically within the display region, with each bundle consisting of a large number of parallel optical fibers joined together and each fiber terminating in an exit tip at a different location along the longitudinal axis of the bundle. The use of a multiplicity of bundles, each containing fibers arranged in a matrix and having mutually displaced exit tips, produces a large number of illumination points arranged in a three-dimensional lattice within the display region, with each illumination point being definable by its corresponding bundle and its location within that bundle matrix.

Abstract: A directionally solidified, optically conductive eutectic system and method of forming the same. A Type II eutectic which divides into fiber and matrix phases when directionally solidified consists of a fiber phase having a lesser molecular weight but higher refractive index than the matrix phase. The resulting fiber array is optically conductive, and may be used to advantage in applications such as CRT screens, waveguides, fiber optic image intensifiers, and lasers.

Abstract: The entrance ends of a plurality of optical fibers are arranged in a circular array and each provided with light emitting material in the form of phosphor responsive to impingement of an electron beam. The circular array of the fiber optic entrance ends is scanned by an electron beam so that the light emitters are successively triggered, the time for light to travel the difference between successive light paths defined by the optical fibers corresponding to the time of scan from one light emitting phosphor to the next adjacent light emitting phosphor so that individual pulses of light exit from the ends of said fibers substantially simultaneously.

Abstract: A method is described for applying dry phosphor particles on a substrate, such as an intagliated array of fiber optic rods, each etched to form a pit in the surface. In this technique a thin layer of a heated thermoplastic is formed on the surface of the substrate to uniformly coat the etched pits and receive the phosphor particles. The plastic film is heated to receive the particles which are deposited upon the plastic layer. The particles become embedded in the plastic. The plastic layer is removed and the screen is then secured with a binder to fix the particles within the etch pits or cells of the intagliated array.

Abstract: A directionally solidified, optically conductive eutectic system and method of forming the same. A Type II eutectic which divides into fiber and matrix phases when directionally solidified consists of a fiber phase having a lesser molecular weight but higher refractive index than the matrix phase. The resulting fiber array is optically conductive, and may be used to advantage in applications such as CRT screens, waveguides, fiber optic image intensifiers, and lasers.

Abstract: A fiber-optic face plate is mounted across the light emitting surface of an electroluminescent semiconductor element so that the light emitted from the semiconductor element passes through the face plate. The electroluminescent semiconductor element may be enclosed in a housing with the face plate extending across and being hermetically sealed to an end of the housing.

Abstract: Video Receiving Apparatus having a fiber optic display screen arranged substantially normally to a beam of electrons projected from an electron gun. The display screen compromises a plurality of optical fibers arranged in aligned relationship to form a bundle of parallel fibers which are extremely short in length. Each fiber has a light receiving face spaced from a light emitting face with there being sufficient light emitting faces to provide for the formation of a suitable image on a television screen. Each light receiving face is arranged at an angle respective to the beam of electrons which is less than the critical angle of the glass fiber. The axial center line of one end of each glass fiber lies normal to the viewing screen and laterally to the beam of electrons.