Abstract: A lamp assembly is provided, that utilizes a light source including an LED element without cutting part of light therefrom and capable of forming a luminance distribution where the light with a maximum peak portion can be arranged substantially at (i.e., at or near) the cutoff line, thereby improving light utilization efficiency. The lamp assembly with an illumination direction can include a light source including an LED element with an emission surface, and a projection optical system for projecting an image of the light source in the illumination direction so that a desired light distribution pattern can be formed on a virtual vertical screen. The light source can have a rectangular shape having long sides and short sides, and can be configured to provide a luminance distribution on the emission surface such that a luminance peak portion is provided at or near one of the long sides.

Abstract: The plasma display device has a display panel having first and second display electrodes and address electrodes, an electrode drive circuit, and a drive control circuit for controlling the electrode drive circuit. The drive control circuit performs a reset drive control, address drive control and sustain drive control in each subfield. The drive control circuit performs an all cell reset drive control which resets all cells in a first subfield out of the plurality of subfields, and an ON cell reset drive control which resets ON cells in a second subfield. At a first temperature T1, an ultimate potential of an slope pulse of the first display electrode is controlled to be a first potential in the ON cell reset drive control, and at a second temperature T2>T1, the ultimate potential is controlled to be a second potential higher than the first potential.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL device having a lower power consumption and high performance and enabling to display separate pictures on bidirectional screens as well as to display the same picture on the bidirectional screens, and a driving apparatus thereof. The organic EL device includes: a first organic EL panel for a unidirectional display; and a second organic EL panel for a unidirectional display, each of the first and second organic EL panels having a substrate, a first electrode, an emitting layer and a second electrode, wherein the first organic EL panel and the second organic EL panel are coupled so as to display pictures in bidirections. According to the present invention, a sufficient brightness can be obtained even under a low power. Also, since an opaque cathode is used, performance and transmittance are enhanced compared with the related art organic EL device using a transparent cathode.

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprises an electrode showing an electric potential defined to be high and an electrode showing an electric potential defined to be lower than the high electric potential, the electrodes being arranged vis-à-vis, at least one of the electrodes having a part showing a thickness of not less than 2 ?m and a part located closest to the other electrode and showing a surface roughness of not more than 0.5 ?m. With this arrangement, the image display apparatus can effectively suppress an electric discharge from taking place between electrodes and occurrence of a problem of broken wire.

Abstract: A display device has an emitting region constituted by a plurality of first electrodes provided on a substrate and extending in parallel, a plurality of second electrodes provided on the first electrodes and extending substantially perpendicularly to the first electrodes, and a plurality of emission sites for emitting electrons or light respectively connected to a plurality of intersections between the first and second electrodes and arranged on the substrate and has a peripheral region surrounding the emitting region on the substrate. In this display device, first and second groups of external repeating terminals for the first and second electrodes are collectively provided side by side in a part of the peripheral region.

Abstract: An EL element including a first electrode, a luminescent layer, an insulation layer, and a second electrode is laminated so that a short circuit between the first electrode and the second electrode at a defect of the insulation layer between the luminescent layer and the second electrode is prevented. A cavity 41 is formed in the layer 4 under an area 51 at which the second insulation layer 5 is missing. The second electrode 6 is separated by the cavity 41 from the first insulation layer 3 located under the luminescent layer 4 to prevent a short circuit.

Abstract: A plasma display panel that is capable of improving a discharge efficiency. In the panel, trigger electrodes are provided at the center of an upper substrate. Sustaining electrodes is provided at the upper substrate and is positioned at a layer different from the trigger electrodes. An address electrode is provided at a lower substrate opposed to the upper substrate in a direction crossing the trigger electrodes.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for electrical devices. An electronic assembly comprises at least one object having a first electrical circuitry therein. The object is created and separated from a host substrate. The assembly further comprises a receiving substrate having at least one recess. A bottom conducting layer is deposited over the receiving substrate and the recess. The object is then coupled to the receiving substrate such that the object is deposited on the bottom conducting layer and recessed within the first recess and below a surface of the receiving substrate. An insulation layer having a plurality of vias is disposed over the receiving substrate to insulate the bottom conducting layer and the object. A top conducting is deposited over the insulation layer and is making electrical interconnections to the bottom conducting layer and the object through the vias.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an extremely low-capacitance device for shaping an electron beam. The device is based on a ceramic body having a monolithic multi-layer structure. The manufacture of the ceramic body ensues with the assistance of LTCC technology, whereby this method is designationally modified. The body is constructed of pre-sintered ceramic layers whose lateral shrinkage is suppressed. The through apertures of the electrodes for the electron beam are thus arranged exactly coaxially, and the tolerances of the electrode dimensions are decoupled from the shrinkage during sintering. The electron beam of an electron gun is focused and the intensity thereof is modulated with the assistance of such a device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multifunctional printed circuit board which is embodied so as to be a p.c.b. coated on at least one layer or one side with an electroconductive film, which printed circuit board is provided with one or more opto-electronically active components of the same or different wavelengths. In accordance with the invention, the optically active component is embodied so as to be a luminous field integrated in the printed circuit board, which field, during the manufacturing process of the printed circuit board, is screen-printed directly onto or above a suitably structured, electroconductive layer of the printed circuit board. By virtue thereof, in the course of the manufacture of the printed circuit board, it can be directly provided with suitable optical components, which will cooperate with the discrete components to be provided afterwards.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture of electroluminescent elements on the basis of a so-called planar electrode arrangement (8a, 8b), whereby the modifications in accordance with the invention enable a substantial increase of the luminous power to be attained. To strengthen the electric field and hence increase the brightness, a special multilayer technology is employed. The electric field may be further strengthened by a film having a high dielectric constant. Preferably, a customary printed circuit board is used as the supporting board, so that the process in which the electroluminescent element is manufactured can be directly integrated in the printed-circuit-board manufacturing process. A further advantage of the invention is that the printed circuit boards provided with the optical components in accordance with the invention can be soldered by means of customary solder processes.

Abstract: In a multilayer gas-discharge display panel of the type including a plurality of character blocks, each including a plasma supply reservoir section, a control anode section, and a display section, such sections being arranged in a plurality of parallel, gas-filled columns defining a display matrix, the supply reservoir providing a source of ions which are selectively conducted by the control anodes to the display section, a voltage being applied to the display section to initiate a gas breakdown in those columns which have had ions conducted therethrough by the control anodes, an improved display section is disclosed comprising a transparent, insulating plate extending across the front of the panel, perpendicular to and covering all of the columns, a transparent electrode covering the front surface of the plate, on the opposite side of the plate from the supply reservoir and the control anodes, and means for applying voltage pulses of alternating polarity to the electrodes to create a flashing discharge in ea

Abstract: In an electro-chromic display device having a display field, provision is made for showing a plurality of indicia in the same or overlapping regions, thereby increasing the range of indicia which can be displayed in a given area.

Abstract: A flat display system having a display screen consisting of a planar arrangment of a plurality of segments has an isosceles triangular form with an apex angle of 90 degrees, the segments being selectively operated for optical display. The optical display is achieved by electrically, thermally or magnetically changing the optical character of selected segments. The segments can recoverably or reversibly undergo a change of the optical character, and they permit either still display or motion display.