Abstract: A heating apparatus for a MEMS sensor, comprising a metallic supply lead element for electric current; a metallic return lead element for electric current; and a defined number of metallic heating elements configured between the supply lead element and the return lead element, a substantially constant electrical current density being configurable in the supply lead element, in the return lead element, and in the heating elements.

Abstract: The invention comprises an infrared source and method of use thereof comprising the steps of: (1) providing a solid state source, comprising: a film of oxide particles comprising an average particle size of less than ten micrometers, gaps between the oxide particles comprising an average gap width of less than ten micrometers, and a heating element embedded in the solid state source; (2) applying a pulsed current to the heating element to heat the heating element; and (3) heating the film of oxide particles to at least seven hundred degrees using thermal conduction from the heating element resultant in the film of oxide particles emitting infrared light in a range of 1.1 to 20 micrometers, where the infrared source operates continuously with heating and cooling of the oxide particles through a differential of at least 200° C. occurs at least five and less than thirty times per second.

Abstract: An infrared light sensor chip comprises a substrate (2), an infrared light sensor (9), which has a base electrode (10) that is in direct contact with one side (8) of the substrate (2) and which is used to attach the infrared light sensor (9) to the substrate (2), and a resistance thermometer (13), which has a resistance path (14) in direct contact with the side (8) of the substrate (2) adjacent to the infrared light sensor (9) and configured to measure the temperature of the substrate (2) via the resistance thermometer (13). The resistance path (14) is made of the same material of which the base electrode (10) is made.

Abstract: A vacuum fluorescent display includes a vacuum tube with a pair of substrates, and a side glass disposed between the two substrates. Filaments are mounted within the vacuum tube to emit thermal electrons. A conductive layer is formed at one of the substrates with a predetermined pattern, and a phosphor layer is formed on the conductive layer. A rib grid is provided at the substrate with an insulating rib positioned around the conductive layer, and a control electrode is formed on the top surface of the insulating rib. Assuming that the distance between the top surface of the substrate and the top surface of the insulating rib is indicated by h1, and the distance between the top surface of the substrate and the top surface of the phosphor layer is indicated by h2, it is established that h1≦h2.

Abstract: A light source composed of a planar, or substantially level, flat or curved, rigid or flexible, matrix of microfilaments integrated on a single substrate and capable of emitting light by incandescence when supplied by an electric current.

Abstract: An incandescent microcavity lightsource 30 has an incandescent active region 13 capable of spontaneous light emission when heated. The incandescent microcavity lightsource 30 controls the spontaneous light emissions from said active region 13.

Abstract: A display has a matrix array of cells formed in a silicon plate and each containing a tungsten strip filament. The cells are filled with a halogen gas and are sealed by a double-glazed window with an infra-red reflecting filter to reflect heat back into the cell while allowing the transmission of visible radiation. The rear of the plate is treated to make it microporous and reduce its thermal conductivity.

Abstract: An electrically modulatable radiant source includes an essentially planar substrate, a well or hole formed in the substrate, and at least one incandescent filament attached to the substrate. The incandescent filament is aligned with the well or hole and is formed of a metallic compound which readily oxidizes at an operating temperature of the incandescent filament. An oxidation resistant film encapsulates the incandescent filament to prevent the filament from oxidizing. Furthermore, contact pads are formed on the substrate at both ends of the incandescent filament for feeding electric current to the incandescent filament.

Abstract: A radiant source including an essentially planar substrate having a well or hole formed therein. At least one incandescent filament is mounted to the substrate and aligned at the well or hole. Contact pads are formed onto the substrate, to both ends of the incandescent filament, and feed electric current to the incandescent filament. Furthermore, each incandescent filament is doped with phosphorus to an impurity concentration of at least 5.times.10.sup.19 atoms/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: A matrix of infrared generating cells is disclosed. Each cell includes a resistive element formed over and traversing a cavity formed on the surface of the supporting semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A bright, economical, flat panel television/display is fabricated by laser welding incandescent metal particles together to form light emitting micro-beads, the ends of which are simultaneously welded to driving electrodes. The small physical mass and dimensions of each bead permit it to be fired to an incandescent state at high rates, becoming a controllable, bright, point source of light suitable as a picture element to create moving images. The beads are suspended between a heat resistant substrate and faceplate, both of which contain depressions proximate to each bead to provide thermal spacing and optical and thermal reflectivity to direct visible light out of the panel, and heat back to the bead, conserving power. Color filters provide full color image display in a system operating at approximately five volts, and which can be built to any size and shape. Three dimensional display capability is inherent when a plurality of transparent display panels are laminated.

Abstract: In a display lamp wherein at least three parallel filaments for horizontal lines and at least four filaments for vertical lines coupling the ends of the horizontal-line filaments are arrayed in the shape of a character "` `" and are switched on or off selectively to indicate a digit, mark, letter or symbol, twelve electrode plates are welded individually to twelve leadwires constituting a stem of a display unit. The electrode plates are so pre-arranged that the ends of the horizontal-line filaments and the ends of the vertical-line filaments connected between the electrode plates are superposed exactly on each other in a nomral to the fireplate or the display lamp direction with the horizontal and vertical filaments being respectively displaced at different levels to be in non-contacting relationship.

Abstract: A glass incandescent display lamp is provided which includes a glass container and a glass faceplate forming a sealed glass envelope enclosing an evacuated space. A plurality of electrically-conductive filament posts having first and second ends is provided with the filament posts extending through a wall of the glass envelope so that the first ends terminate in the evacuated space, and the second ends terminate outside of the sealed glass envelope. A set of incandescent filaments is secured to the first ends of the filament posts for the passage of current and for producing a display. In addition, a plurality of conductor pins for connecting the filaments to an external source of power is provided with each of the conductor pins having one end embedded in the wall of the glass envelope and the other end extending to the exterior of the sealed glass envelope.

Abstract: A large display system capable of displaying a video image receives video signals, quantizes those signals to produce a digital code capable of representing variations in the light content of the image and processes the digital code so as to control individual display devices on a large matrix of such devices to have different levels of visibility to thereby reproduce the video image for viewing by a large audience. A data processor is optionally utilized to store the digital representation of the video image in memory so that on line or off line presentations can be made.