Abstract: A xenon short arc lamp which has a middle section with a length to diameter ratio greater than 1.6 and which is directly interchangeable with a xenon short arc lamp of the same wattage in a lamphouse without modifying the lamphouse.

Abstract: Breath test methods and apparatus for increasing accuracy and reducing the time taken to achieve diagnostically useful results. In order to determine when an increase in isotopic ratio of the exhaled breath is clinically significant, methods are described for the use of a variable and multiple threshold level; for reducing the time taken to determine an accurate baseline level; and for avoiding the effects of oral activity when making measurements. To increase measurement accuracy, methods are described, using the results of the breath tests themselves, of continuous and automatic self-calibration to correct for drifts in the gas spectrometer absorption curves. A method for increasing the spectral stability of cold cathode discharge infra-red light sources for use in breath test instrumentation is described. Calibration checking devices and methods of mandating their use at regular time intervals are described, to ensure maintenance of the accuracy of breath tests.

Abstract: An arc tube is formed by turning a glass tube at a substantially middle thereof and winding the glass tube from the middle to its both ends around an axis to form a double spiral, and sealing electrodes at both ends of the glass tube. The spiral pitch of a spiral part in a vicinity of one of the ends and an adjacent spiral part in the direction of the axis is set larger than the spiral pitch of other adjacent spiral parts, to widen a gap between the one end and the adjacent spiral part.

Abstract: An arc tube is composed of an arc tube body that is formed by winding a straight glass tube. Two portions of the straight glass tube are spirally wound around an imaginary conical surface. The spiraled portions of the glass tube are sandwiched between a pair of movable fixed plates. The spiraled portions of the glass tube are heated to a temperature equal to or higher than a point at which the glass tube is deformable and yet lower than the softening point of the glass tube. The spiraled portions are flattened by the movable plate moving downwardly under its own weight.

Abstract: A high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp comprising an inner bulb (1) with a discharge vessel (11) and an outer bulb (2), especially for application in an automotive headlight unit is disclosed. A lamp design is proposed by which high thermal stresses and increased quartz temperatures during run-up and steady state operation of the lamp are avoided so that the light output and the lifetime of the lamp is improved. This is substantially achieved by a positioning of the inner and the outer bulb (1, 2) such that a longitudinal axis of the inner bulb (1) is displaced in the operating position of the lamp above a longitudinal axis of the outer bulb (2) so that the distance between the discharge vessel (11) and the outer bulb (2) at the top side of the lamp is decreased and the distance between both at the bottom side is correspondingly increased.

Abstract: A surface light source device includes a light source body, first and second electrodes, a light reflecting layer, and a fluorescent layer. The light source body is configured to generate light. The first and second electrodes are each disposed adjacent to a corresponding opposite end portion of the light source body. The first and second electrodes receive a discharge voltage that creates a potential difference across the light source body. The light reflecting layer is disposed at an internal surface of the light source body. The light reflecting layer includes light diffusing particles having at least two sizes. The fluorescent layer is disposed at selected regions of the light source body. Therefore, the light reflecting layer is not deformed by heat and enhances reflectivity without changing a color coordinates.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp, the lamp including a light emitting vessel having a wall made of ceramic material that defines an inner space with a first end portion having a respective first opening formed therein and a second end portion having a respective second opening formed therein, two discharge electrodes, with a first electrode extending therethrough the first opening of the first end portion of the vessel and a second electrode extending therethrough the second opening of the second end portion of the vessel, together forming a gap between ends of the discharge electrodes positioned within the vessel, wherein the light emitting vessel defines an inner space characterized by an inner diameter ranging from and including 1 millimeters to 3 millimeters and an inner length between and including 5 millimeters to 10 millimeters, wherein the wall of the vessel has a thickness ranging between and including 0.3 millimeters to 0.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube. The tube is formed of glass, encloses a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas and has a fluorescent phosphor coating disposed on the inner surface of the tube. The tube forms a continuous arc path and is provided with electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The lamp also comprises a ballast circuit connected to the electrodes by lead-in wires and to a supply voltage by lead-out wires for controlling the current in the tube. A bulb shaped outer envelope has a substantially spherical portion enclosing the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion enclosing the ballast circuit. The end portion of the outer envelope having an open end on a base side is closed and terminated by a closing means of the same material as the outer envelope. The closing means is provided with a tubular opening.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for photo-processing of fluids, particularly complex fluids, such as blood products, pharmaceuticals, injectables and vaccines, are provided. The disclosed methods and systems employ non-laser light source(s) to generate monochromatic light energy, preferably in the range of 260 nm to 310 nm, for fluid treatment. Advantageous processing regimens and/or adjunct additives and/or agents may also be used to achieve desired and/or enhanced results, e.g., inactivation of pathogens, bacteria and/or viruses, modulation of immune response, and/or leukoreduction. Particularly preferred embodiments include novel temperature control systems and geometric/structural arrangements that provide enhanced processing results and/or efficiencies.

Abstract: An arc tube for a ceramic metal halide lamp includes a hollow first body member (40) that is tapered along a majority of its length to aid in removing the molded component from a pin during assembly. An open end (46) of the first body member has a constant diameter (60) allowing it to be joined to a constant diameter portion (72) of the second body member or end cap (70). The mating constant diameter portions ensure that the hollow first body member can be monolithically joined with the end cap with a reduced level of seal voids.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp (10) having an arc tube (12) containing an arc generating and sustaining medium (13) and first and second spaced apart electrodes (14, 16), respectively. An envelope (18) surrounds the arc tube (12) and contains an atmosphere (19) within it. The atmosphere is of a composition and pressure that will provide a burst of UV radiation in response to a spark generated within the envelope (18) and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is selected from argon or nitrogen (with nitrogen being preferred) at a pressure of from 150 to 400 torr. First and second electrical lead-ins (20, 22) are sealed within the envelope (18), with the first lead-in (20) being electrically connected to the first electrode (14) and the second lead-in (22) being connected to the second electrode (16), for example, by connector wire (22a). Means (30) is contained within the envelope (18) and exposed to the atmosphere (19) for generating a UV-producing spark within the atmosphere (19).

Abstract: An arc tube in a high intensity discharge lamp comprises an arc body comprising a single-phase first ceramic material has a first elemental composition, and the arc body has a sealed chamber. At least two legs are attached to the arc body, and at least one of the legs has a single-phase second ceramic material having a second elemental composition that is different from the first elemental composition. An electrode is positioned within a respective leg, each electrode has a tip positioned within the chamber and the tips of the electrodes are spaced apart forming an arc region there between.

Abstract: he present invention aims at providing a metal halide lamp having a configuration to achieve the following goals: to prevent the lamp from burning out during the life due to a rise in lamp voltage; and to obtain high luminous efficiency at the same time. The metal halide lamp 1 comprises: an arc tube 4 made of translucent ceramic and having a main tube part 6 in which a pair of electrodes 14 is disposed; and an outer tube 3 housing the arc tube 4 therein. 4.0?L/D?10.0, where L (mm) is a length of a space between the electrodes 14 and D (mm) is an internal diameter of the main tube part 6. R/r ?3.4, where R (mm) is an internal diameter of the outer tube 3 and r (mm) is an external diameter in the main tube part 6 of the arc tube 4, within a region positionally corresponding to, in a radial direction of the outer tube and the arc tube, the space between the electrodes 14, on a cross-sectional surface where an outer circumference of the arc tube 4 comes closest to an inner circumference of the outer tube 3. M?4.

Abstract: An illuminating device is made from a transparent hollow envelope that encloses a filler gas. The envelope has inner and outer surfaces. The illuminating device has a coating of a fluorescent material deposited on the inner surface of the transparent envelope where the fluorescent material emits light having a visible component and an ultraviolet component; and a titanium dioxide film having first and second opposing surfaces where the first surface of the titanium dioxide film is formed on the outer surface of the transparent envelope. A light transmittance of the titanium dioxide film is at least 50% for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and the light transmitted from the fluorescent material through the transparent envelope and the first surface of the titanium dioxide film to the second surface thereof causes photocatalytic activity to be generated on the second surface of the titanium dioxide film.

Abstract: A low-wattage, high intensity arc discharge electric lamp (10) has a thick-walled outer envelope (12) extending along a longitudinal axis (14) and has a bulbous portion (16) and a narrow, cylindrical base (18) including oppositely disposed grooves (20) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (14). An electrically conductive mounting member (22) has grippers (24) formed on ends (26) thereof to engage the grooves (20). The electrically conductive member (22) has a center portion (28) with a U-shaped segment (30) that is positioned within the base. An arc tube assembly (32) comprises an arc tube (34) having axially extending electrode lead-ins (36, 38) sealed within a shroud (40). The shroud (40) has parallel electrical connections (42, 44) extending therefrom.

Abstract: The subject matter of the disclosure is a power supply system for a lamp, having foils, which are embedded in a gas-tight manner in a pinch seal of the lamp and on which are arranged, in each case on two opposing narrow sides, an inner power supply line and an outer power supply line for the purpose of supplying power to a luminous element of the lamp, the outer power supply lines having lamp-side end sections, which are connected to the foils. According to the invention, the end sections of the outer power supply lines extend at least in sections approximately at right angles to a longitudinal axis of the foils.

Abstract: A ceramic discharge chamber for a lamp, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, comprises a first member which includes a leg portion and a transition portion, wherein the leg portion and the transition portion are integrally formed as one piece from a ceramic material, and a second member which includes a body portion, wherein the body portion is bonded to the transition portion of the first member. The ceramic discharge chamber can be formed by injection molding a ceramic material to form the first member, the first member forming a first portion of the ceramic discharge chamber; and bonding the first member to a second member which forms a second portion of the ceramic discharge chamber.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing a low-pressure mercury lamp having an improved luminous efficiency while maintaining the compactness and long life of the arc tube. This lamp comprises an arc tube formed by bending a glass tube. This arc tube is formed into a double-spiral structure comprising: a turning part located in substantially the midsection from both ends of the glass tube; a first spiral part starting from one of the ends and spiraling around the pivotal axis to reach the turning part; and a second spiral part starting from the turning part and spiraling around the pivotal axis to the other end. The glass tube has a circular shape in cross section with 7.4 mm inner diameter. This low-pressure mercury lamp is a 12 W lamp alternative to a 60 W incandescent lamp, and the bulb wall loading under steady state illumination is set at 0.103 W/cm2.

Abstract: A high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp has an envelope which contains two electrodes made from tungsten and a filling in a discharge space. The filling essentially consists of mercury, rare gas, and a halogen that is free in the operating condition. The envelope further has a second space.

Abstract: Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp has an at least partly substantially cylindrical discharge vessel (10) with a length Ldv and with an internal diameter Din. The discharge vessel (10) encloses, in a gastight manner, a discharge space (13) provided with a inert gas mixture and with mercury. The discharge vessel (10) comprises discharge means (electrodes 20a; 20b) for maintaining a discharge in the discharge space (13). According to the invention, the ratio of the weight of mercury mHg in the discharge vessel (10) to the product of the internal diameterDin and the length of the discharge vessel Ldv is given by the relation: wherein C (0.01 (g/mm2. Preferably, 0.0005 (C(0.005(g/mm2. Preferably, the discharge vessel (10) contains less than 0.1 mg mercury. The discharge lamp according to the invention operates under unsaturated mercury conditions.

Abstract: A direct-current high-voltage discharge bulb includes a ceramic arc tube body having a discharge emission chamber at a middle portion in a longitudinal direction thereof, a light-emitting substance which is sealed inside the discharge emission chamber together with a starting rare gas, and an anode and a cathode which are disposed so as to face each other inside the discharge emission chamber. An inside diameter of the ceramic arc tube body where the discharge emission chamber is defined is made to gradually decrease from the anode side to the cathode side.

Abstract: An arc discharge metal halide lamp for use in selected lighting fixtures comprising a discharge chamber having light permeable walls of a selected shape including therein a pair of end region wall portions through each of which a corresponding one of a pair of electrodes are supported separated from one another by a separation length. The ratio of the separation length to the effective operation inner diameter of the chamber is greater than two. The lengths of the wall sides between the end wall portions is greater than the effective operation inner diameter. The end wall portions have inner surfaces of constant or smaller varying radii of curvature and they are separated from the interior ends of the electrodes by more than one millimeter. The discharge chamber can be constructed of polycrystalline alumina and contain metal halides.

Abstract: A tungsten oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalyst coating oxidizes contaminants in the air that adsorb onto the coating into water, carbon dioxide, and other substances. The tungsten oxide forms a monolayer on the titanium dioxide. When photons of the ultraviolet light are absorbed by the tungsten oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalyst coating, an electron is promoted from the valence band to the conduction band, producing a hole in the valence band. The holes in the valence band react with water applied on the tungsten oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalyst coating, forming reactive hydroxyl radicals. When a contaminant in the air is adsorbed onto the tungsten oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalyst, the hydroxyl radical attacks the contaminant, abstracting a hydrogen atom from the contaminant. The hydroxyl radical oxidizes the contaminant, producing water, carbon dioxide, and other substances. The tungsten oxide/titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating has low sensitivity to humidity variations.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp (101) is described, the lamp being designed such that, when the lamp is operative in a vertical orientation, the location of the salt pool is close to the top of the discharge chamber (5). In an embodiment, the coldest spot is close to the top of the discharge chamber. Means are provided enabling more heat to be supplied to the bottom part than to the upper part. In a lamp assembly (10), comprising a lamp (101) arranged inside a bulb (11), additional heat generating means (90) may comprise a radiation coil (91).

Abstract: An automotive discharge bulb having a light emitting tube includes a ceramic tube with paired electrodes oppositely placed, and contains a light emitting material and starting rare gas. A transversal section of the ceramic tube is longitudinally elongated. In the ceramic tube having a longitudinally elongated transversal section, an arc generated into an upwardly convex shape and the tube wall do not make contact.

Abstract: An electrodeless self-ballasted fluorescent lamp includes: a luminous bulb 1 having a cavity portion 15; an induction coil 3 inserted in the cavity portion 15; a ballast 4 electrically connected to the induction coil 3; and a base 7, wherein the luminous bulb 1, the ballast 4 and the base 7 are configured as one unit. The luminous bulb 1 includes an approximately spherical outer tube 12 and an inner tube 11. At least the surface of the upper hemisphere of the outer tube 12 is coated with a silicone rubber 10 having the property of transmitting light.

Abstract: A plasma display device includes a first substrate, an address electrode formed on an upper surface of the fist substrate, a first dielectric layer formed on the upper surface of the first substrate and embedding the address electrode, a second substrate which is transparent and forms a discharge space by being coupled to the first substrate, a plurality of maintaining electrodes formed on a lower surface of the second substrate to form a predetermined angle with the address electrode, each of the maintaining electrodes including first and second electrodes, a second dielectric layer formed on the second substrate where the maintaining electrodes are formed and embedding the maintaining electrodes, at least a portion where an electrical field is concentrated formed between the first and second electrodes constituting the maintaining electrodes, and a partition installed between the first and second substrates for sectioning the discharge space.

Abstract: An arc tube is formed by turning a glass tube at a substantially middle thereof and winding the glass tube from the middle to its both ends around an axis to form a double spiral, and sealing electrodes at both ends of the glass tube. The spiral pitch of a spiral part in a vicinity of one of the ends and an adjacent spiral part in the direction of the axis is set larger than the spiral pitch of other adjacent spiral parts, to widen a gap between the one end and the adjacent spiral part.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) lamp is disclosed. The DBD lamp comprises a discharge vessel, which encloses a discharge volume filled with discharge gas. The discharge vessel further comprises a phosphor layer within the discharge volume. The discharge vessel comprises an outer tubular portion having an internal surface, and an inner tubular portion having an outward surface. The outer tubular portion surrounds the inner tubular portion. In this manner, a substantially annular discharge volume is enclosed between the outer tubular portion and the inner tubular portion. The inner tubular portion comprises a multitude of protrusions around its circumference. The protrusions extend into the substantially annular discharge volume. A first set of interconnected electrodes and a second set of interconnected electrodes are also provided.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp and process for emitting ultraviolet and/or vacuum ultraviolet radiation comprises an envelope formed of an ultra-pure and/or low-defect quartz material and an ultraviolet and/or vacuum ultraviolet emissive material disposed in the interior region of the envelope. The electrodeless lamp formed of the ultra-pure and/or low-defect quartz material minimizes degradation during use.

Abstract: An illuminating device is made from a transparent hollow envelope that encloses a filler gas. The envelope has inner and outer surfaces. The illuminating device has a coating of a fluorescent material deposited on the inner surface of the transparent envelope where the fluorescent material emits light having a visible component and an ultraviolet component; and a titanium dioxide film having first and second opposing surfaces where the first surface of the titanium dioxide film is formed on the outer surface of the transparent envelope. A light transmittance of the titanium dioxide film is at least 50% for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, and the light transmitted from the fluorescent material through the transparent envelope and the first surface of the titanium dioxide film to the second surface thereof causes photocatalytic activity to be generated on the second surface of the titanium dioxide film.

Abstract: A pulsed discharge arc lamp can utilize an integrated optical adapter assembly to ease the coupling of an optical fiber to the lamp. An optical rod of the assembly allows for a precise positioning of the output, and acts as an integrating rod whereby the output is transformed to a relatively diffuse, uniform, and stabilized circular beam of light. The optical adapter assembly helps to reduce the presence of intensity peaks in the UV spectrum, making the output more uniform over the entire spectrum of the lamp.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a dual spiral fluorescent lamp that is smaller in volume than a conventional one. To provide for a reduced size compact fluorescent lamp, the end portions of the spiral glass tube are anchored into the holes within the cover of a bi-pin case. Inside of each end portion is a glass stem through which a pair of cathode support wires are passed. The cathode itself is welded to the extreme ends of each cathode support wire. To achieve the short-legged lamp, the cathode support wires lying between the cathode and the stem are bent downward at approximately 60 degrees from the vertically positioned stem. Therefore, by successfully avoiding the cathode coming in contact with the phosphor coating lining the interior of the tube, which may affect the natural lighting emitted by the fluorescent lamp, the two end portions of the fluorescent lamp of the present invention can be much shortened, resulting in a smaller volume than a conventional compact fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A diffuser is formed on an inner surface of a globe included in a compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp, and a diffuse transmittance of the diffuser ? is set at 95%. When designing dimensions of the compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp, at the same time, a ratio Dg/Pg is set at 0.8 or greater. Here, Pg is a helical pitch of an arc tube having a helical configuration, and Dg is a half of a difference between a helix diameter of the arc tube and a maximum outside diameter of the globe.

Abstract: A new fluorescent lamp comprises a lamp tube and an electronic ballast, it is characterized in that it is provided with an outer tube, there are respectively an outer plug at both ends of the outer tube, in which inserts a socket for the lamp tube. The electronic ballast is between the outer plug and the socket for the lamp tube at one end, said lamp tube is disposed between two sockets for the lamp tube.

Abstract: A metal vapor discharge lamp, comprises: a translucent ceramic envelope, the envelope comprising a center bulb for defining a discharge space and side tubes, the center bulb and the side tubes being integrally molded; a pair of current suppliers extending through hollows of the side tubes respectively, each of the current suppliers comprising an electrode and a lead-in wire, a first end of the electrode being disposed in the discharge space, a second end of the electrode being connected with the lead-in wire; a sealant for hermetically sealing open ends of the side tubes; and a light-emitting metal contained in the discharge space. An inner wall and an external wall of a seamless boundary portion between the center bulb and each of the side tubes have the smallest curvature radius of Ri mm and Ro mm, respectively. The center bulb has an inner diameter of D mm. The lamp has an electric power of P watts. The radius Ri, radius Ro, diameter D and electric power P satisfy, ?0.00076P+0.304?Ri/D??0.00076P+0.

Abstract: A bulb-type fluorescent lamp has a case having an open end portion for housing a lighting circuit therein, an arc tube extending outside through the open end portion of the case, and a globe having an open end portion for housing the arc tube therein. An adhesive is supplied to the inner surface of the open end portion of the case at four circumferentially spaced areas, and the open end portion of the globe is inserted into the open end portion of the case. As a result, the globe is fixed to the case with the adhesive.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for photo-processing of fluids, particularly complex fluids, such as blood products, pharmaceuticals, injectables and vaccines, are provided. The disclosed methods and systems employ non-laser light source(s) to generate monochromatic light energy, preferably in the range of 260 nm to 310 nm, for fluid treatment. Advantageous processing regimens and/or adjunct additives and/or agents may also be used to achieve desired and/or enhanced results, e.g., inactivation of pathogens, bacteria and/or viruses, modulation of immune response, and/or leukoreduction. Particularly preferred embodiments include specific wavelengths, novel temperature control systems and geometric/structural arrangements that provide enhanced processing results and/or efficiencies.

Abstract: It is provided a ceramic vessel for a high pressure discharge lamp and for filling an ionizable luminous substance and a starter gas in the inner space of the vessel. The discharge vessel has a tubular central luminous portion, and a pair of tubular end portions protruding from both ends of said central luminous portion, respectively. Each of the end portions has a maximum wall thickness “1” of 0.5 times or larger and 0.9 times or smaller of the wall thickness “t” of the central luminous portion. A ceramic discharge vessel is thereby provided enabling for improving the luminous efficiency of the high pressure discharge lamp.

Abstract: An energy efficient fluorescent reflector lamp includes a fluorescent light source enclosed in a reflector with a defined cavity and circumferential rim defining a light emitting opening, and a circumferential flange at a mating opening. The reflector cavity enclosed with a lens at the rim, has an interior wall as a reflective surface for directing light out from light emitting opening. The fluorescent light source is attached to a base located inside the reflector cavity and located inside the mating opening. The circumferential flange diameter is larger than a diameter of the mating opening. The base is assembled and locked together with a ballast housing of defined space sufficient to accommodate an electronic ballast and an electricity supply base. The ballast energizes the fluorescent light source to emit light, and the ballast includes power input terminals connected to said electricity supply base and output terminals connected to said fluorescent light source.

Abstract: By hiding at least blackened portions from outside to make visual confirmation thereof impossible, a fluorescent lamp keeps its clean outward appearance until its service life expires and insufficiency of luminance on ends of the fluorescent lamp is dissolved. The fluorescent lamp comprising a plurality of discharging electrodes in a glass tube, and wherein the glass tube comprises an illuminating glass tube portion coated at inner wall surfaces thereof with a fluorescent substance and functioning as an illuminating body, and auxiliary glass tube portions provided contiguous to the illuminating glass tube portion and hidden from outside by shielding members, and wherein the discharging electrodes are not provided in the illuminating glass tube portion but mounted in the auxiliary glass tube portions.

Abstract: A bent fluorescent lamp for backlighting a display providing uniform illumination. A fluorescent lamp is made from a tubular glass envelope having right angles formed therein with shaped corners. The right angles provide improved illumination of a plane surface for backlighting a liquid crystal display. The right angles and shaped corners eliminate dark regions in the illuminated surface. A right-angled bend is also formed at the ends of the fluorescent lamp. An electrode is positioned sufficiently far from a central portion of the lamp so that any dark spaces in the gas discharge of the fluorescent lamp, such as the Faraday dark space associated with a cathode of a lamp are not formed within the central portion.

Abstract: An illuminator capable of increasing the service life of discharge tubes, includes a pair of an ultraviolet light-emitting discharge tube and a white visible light-emitting discharge tube that are alternately and periodically placed in a lighted state and an unlighted state, such that a state of illumination using only one of the discharge tubes is realized in at least part of a time domain during the repetition period. The illuminator includes a hot-cathode tube used for at least one of the discharge tubes, the hot-cathode tube being arranged in a state where a heating power supply for heating filaments, and an illuminating power supply for enabling motion of thermoelectrons within the hot-cathode tube and at the same time periodic repetition of the lighted state and unlighted state, are capable of executing and interrupting application of voltage, independently of each other.

Abstract: An ultra-high pressure discharge lamp in which the disadvantage of the reduction of the illuminance maintenance factor due to formation of blackening and milky opacification in the discharge vessel and the disadvantage of formation of cracks in the discharge vessel is eliminated by the discharge vessel being made of a silica glass that contains 0.1 ppm by weight to 290 ppm by weight hydrogen. Further advantages are obtained by the silica glass having a content of OH radicals that is at most 1 ppm by weight and a content of aluminum in a range of 2 ppm by weight to 30 ppm by weight.

Abstract: Described is a high intensity discharge lamp including a lamp bulb envelope, first and second electrodes, a seal and a fill situated within the lamp bulb envelope. The lamp bulb envelope is composed of single crystal sapphire tubing. The lamp bulb envelope includes end portions and a central portion, the central portion having a greater diameter than the end portions. The end portions may be a cylindrical tube shape and the central portion is a smooth three-dimensional shape. The first and second electrodes extend through opposite ends of the lamp bulb envelope so that at least a portion of each of the electrodes is situated within the lamp bulb envelope. The seal seals each of the first and second electrodes to an inside wall of the corresponding end of the lamp bulb envelope. A voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes to generate an arc plasma therebetween.

Abstract: This invention is related to a lamp bulb with optical pattern, which consists of a bulb body, a filament and a conducting wire. The filament in the bulb body was conducted out from the tail of the bulb body by the conducting wire. The head of the bulb body is a solid, the outside is a convey arc and the inside is a triangle. The filament is connected to the conducting wire in a straight line. The bulb of the present invention has a higher luminosity and can use fully the light emitted from the filament. Because of the special structure in the bulb body, the light beam emitted by the bulb forms beautiful patterns. For example, it can form directly eye-shaped or solar eclipse-like aureola halo patterns.

Abstract: An arc tube body 20 and a foil such as molybdenum foil 30 are joined with each other such that a compressive stress of 105 N/m2 or more remains at an ordinary temperature in the arc tube body 20 along a junction surface. The compressive stress is always generated on the arc tube body 20 even if a fluctuation in the stress is caused on the junction surface by the repetition of the ON/OFF of the arc tube (or a tensile stress is caused to have a very small value even if the compressive stress and the tensile stress are alternately generated). Thus, the junction strength of both members may be increased. In one embodiment, a plurality of cracks (intercrystalline cracks) may be generated on the molybdenum foil 30 by a high pressure acting during pinch seal, and quartz glass is caused to enter the cracks so that the junction strength of both members can be increased.

Abstract: A discharge lamp of the present invention, which has an starting property, an arc stability and a service life which are improved even if the lamp produces a short arc. The discharge lamp includes a light emitting bulb, sealing members disposed on both sides of the light emitting bulb, metal foils sealed in the sealing members, a pair of electrodes which are connected to the metal foils and have large-diameter portions formed on tips, coils disposed at the rear of the large-diameter portions of the electrodes, external conductors, and a discharge medium enclosed in the light emitting bulb.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury discharge lamp comprising an inner bulb, which forms a gas discharge vessel and the wall of which is made of a material which is transparent to electromagnetic radiation and is coated with a phosphor, and comprising an outer bulb surrounding the inner bulb, the wall of which contains an UV-A phosphor, and comprising means for generating and maintaining a low-pressure mercury gas discharge.

Abstract: A flat-panel cathode-ray tube display contains electron-emissive regions (54) spaced non-uniformly apart from one another in a line of the electron-emissive regions so as to better utilize the space where the electron-emissive regions are located. Alternatively or additionally, electron focusing can be appropriately made more concentrated by implementing each electron-emissive region as two or more portions 54A-54F) situated suitably with respect to openings (86A-86F) in an electron-focusing system (76).