Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device includes a first electrode, a hole transport region on the first electrode, an emission layer on the hole transport region, an electron transport region on the emission layer, and a second electrode on the electron transport region, wherein the emission layer includes a polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1: wherein in Formula 1, at least one selected from Ring A and Ring B is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms for forming a ring.

Abstract: A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, groups X1 to X8, L11, L12, R11, R12 and variables a11, a12, b11, b12 are described in the specification.

Abstract: An optoelectronic component may include a carrier element having a heat sink, at least one semiconductor chip for emitting electromagnetic radiation which is mounted and electrically contact-connected on the carrier element, a radiation-transmissive cover disposed downstream of the at least one semiconductor chip, a converter layer applied on the radiation-transmissive cover and spaced apart from the at least one semiconductor chip, a frame composed of thermally conductive material, which frame extends around the at least one semiconductor chip and is in direct contact with the converter layer, and at least one connecting element for thermally connecting the frame to the heat sink.

Abstract: A double-capped short arc flash lamp includes an arc tube, a pair of main electrodes disposed in the arc tube, and a pair of auxiliary electrodes disposed in the arc tube. The flash lamp also includes inner leads and outer leads associated with the two auxiliary electrodes, respectively. The flash lamp also includes a first sealing tube and a second sealing tube provided at opposite ends of the arc tube. A sealing glass tube is partly received in the second sealing tube. Grooves are formed in the outer surface of the sealing glass tube in a region where the sealing glass tube overlaps the second sealing tube. The grooves extend in the axial direction of the sealing glass tube, and are configured to receive the inner leads and the outer leads. Metallic foils electrically connect the inner leads with the outer leads, respectively.

Abstract: A double-capped short arc flash lamp includes an arc tube, a pair of main electrodes disposed in the arc tube, and a pair of auxiliary electrodes disposed in the arc tube. The flash lamp also includes inner leads and outer leads associated with the two auxiliary electrodes, respectively. The flash lamp also includes a first sealing tube and a second sealing tube provided at opposite ends of the arc tube. A sealing glass tube is partly received in the second sealing tube. Grooves are formed in the outer surface of the sealing glass tube in a region where the sealing glass tube overlaps the second sealing tube. The grooves extend in the axial direction of the sealing glass tube, and are configured to receive the inner leads and the outer leads. Metallic foils electrically connect the inner leads with the outer leads, respectively.

Abstract: A compound according to a formula I and devices incorporating the same are described. The compound according to the formula I can have the structure: wherein X is Si or Ge; R1 and R2 represent mono, di, tri, tetra, or penta substitutions or no substitution; R3, R4 represent mono, di, tri, or tetra substitutions or no substitution; R1 and R2 are optionally joined to form a ring, which may be further substituted; L is a single bond or comprises an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 5-20 carbon atoms, which is optionally further substituted; and A is an aromatic group. A contains a group selected from the group consisting of indole, carbazole, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzoselenophene, dibenzoselenophene, triphenylene, azacarbazole, azadibenzofuran, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzoselenophene, azatriphenylene, and combinations thereof, which are optionally further substituted. The device can include the compound according to Formula I in an organic layer.

Abstract: A high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp comprising an inner bulb (1) with a discharge vessel (11) and an outer bulb (2), especially for application in an automotive headlight unit is disclosed. A lamp design is proposed by which high thermal stresses and increased quartz temperatures during run-up and steady state operation of the lamp are avoided so that the light output and the lifetime of the lamp is improved. This is substantially achieved by a positioning of the inner and the outer bulb (1, 2) such that a longitudinal axis of the inner bulb (1) is displaced in the operating position of the lamp above a longitudinal axis of the outer bulb (2) so that the distance between the discharge vessel (11) and the outer bulb (2) at the top side of the lamp is decreased and the distance between both at the bottom side is correspondingly increased.

Abstract: The restrike time for re-light up of an arc discharge lamp may be decreased by including at least one refractory bimetallic start up electrode that provides a shorter arc path intermediate the main arc path in a cool state, but when heated withdraws to have a relatively longer arc path. The longer arc path in the hot state results in a relatively higher path impedance that can be used by itself or in combination with a supplemental impedance device to extinguish the starting arc in favor of the main arc. The withdrawn bimetallic starting electrode then does not interfere with the main arc function.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL device having a lower power consumption and high performance and enabling to display separate pictures on bidirectional screens as well as to display the same picture on the bidirectional screens, and a driving apparatus thereof. The organic EL device includes: a first organic EL panel for a unidirectional display; and a second organic EL panel for a unidirectional display, each of the first and second organic EL panels having a substrate, a first electrode, an emitting layer and a second electrode, wherein the first organic EL panel and the second organic EL panel are coupled so as to display pictures in bidirections. According to the present invention, a sufficient brightness can be obtained even under a low power. Also, since an opaque cathode is used, performance and transmittance are enhanced compared with the related art organic EL device using a transparent cathode.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent lamp is provided. Wherein, a discharge gas is disposed in a chamber, and a fluorescent material is disposed on a first inner wall and a second inner wall of the chamber. First electrode sets are disposed on the first inner wall, and second electrode sets aligned with the first electrodes sets are disposed on the second inner wall. A dielectric layer overlies the electrode sets. Each first electrode set comprises two first electrodes and a second electrode disposed between these first electrodes. Each second electrode set comprises two third electrodes and a fourth electrode disposed between these third electrodes. A first light-emitting area and a second light-emitting area are formed in each pair of the corresponding first and second electrode sets, and the projections of the first and second light-emitting areas on the first inner wall are not overlaid or just partially overlaid.

Abstract: A device for operating a discharge lamp of the short arc type having a feed device which supplies a direct current to the discharge lamp when operation starts and an alternating current afterwards, in which the feed device supplies a direct current which is smaller than the rated current to the discharge lamp at the start of operation, and a direct current which is at least as large as the rated current, afterwards. A control which ascertains whether the discharge lamp at the start of operation is in a hot or cold start operating state, and which establishes one of the following parameters based on whether the hot or cold operating state ascertained to exist: the value of the direct current which is at least as great as the rated current; the feed duration of the direct current which is at least as great as the rated current.

Abstract: A discharge lamp, suitable for operation by means of dielectrically impeded discharge, having a discharge vessel with two at least partially parallel vessel walls (2; 7), and at least one spacer (1) made from optically transparent insulating material. The or each spacer (1) is in contact with the two vessel walls (2; 7) via bearing surfaces. The or each spacer has an optically diffuse surface (8) at least in the region of one bearing surface.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device is provided, having a p-doped organic layer, an n-doped layer, and a phosphorescent emissive layer disposed between the p-doped and n-doped layers. Blocking layers are used to confine electrons, holes, and excitons in the emissive layer. A device having a cathode on the top is provided, as well as an "inverted"device having a cathode on the bottom.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a light-emitting device with improved reliability so as to achieve a prolonged lifetime, better stability and excellent illumination quality. The light-emitting device comprises a substrate; a light-emitting component, having a p-n junction, mounted on a top surface of the substrate so as to be connected to corresponding metal pads through at least one conducting wire; and a cap, formed of a transparent material to have an inward concave, wherein the light-emitting component is disposed in the inward concave such that there is a gap between the light-emitting component and the cap.

Abstract: In a gas discharge tube in accordance with the present invention, a side tube is formed from a metal, the outer periphery of the stem is provided with a joint portion made of a metal, and the latter is joined to a metal-made joint portion of the side tube by welding, whereby the assembling is made easier by welding, while the gas discharge tube itself can attain smaller dimensions. Also, since the side tube is small and made of a metal, its handling improves greatly. Further, since side tube is formed from a metal, the gas discharge tube is encouraged to have a wider range of processed forms and attains a prospect for mass production.

Abstract: In a gas discharge tube in accordance with the present invention, one or both of the inner wall face and outer wall face of a side tube body are provided with a coating made of a glass material or ceramics. As a result, the side tube body can be made of various materials regardless of properties of the gas filling the inside, whereby the gas discharge tube can have a wider range of processed forms and smaller dimensions at the same time, and its mass production can freely be carried out.

Abstract: A flat planar fluorescent lamp having barrier structures overlaying the electrodes is described. The barrier structures include barrier walls and platforms between the electrodes and the lamp cover with passageways between the platforms and the lamp cover. The barrier structures cause the electric discharge between the lamp electrodes to pass between the platforms and the lamp cover. The interior of the lamp and the top of the platform are coated with a fluorescent material such that the lamp produces light throughout its interior, including the region directly above the electrode, thereby providing a source of light in an area which would otherwise be a dark region surrounding the electrode. In one embodiment, a cold electrode, a hot electrode, an ion barrier, and a tubulation are formed in a glass seal as a single unit, placing the terminals of the electrodes and the tipped-off tubulation in a small region of the lamp to permit easier access and alignment.

Abstract: A flat planar fluorescent lamp having barrier structures overlaying the electrodes is described. The barrier structures include barrier walls and platforms between the electrodes and the lamp cover with passageways between the platforms and the lamp cover. The barrier structures cause the electric discharge between the lamp electrodes to pass between the platforms and the lamp cover. The interior of the lamp and the top of the platform are coated with a fluorescent material such that the lamp produces light throughout its interior, including the region directly above the electrode, thereby providing a source of light in an area which would otherwise be a dark region surrounding the electrode. In one embodiment, a cold electrode, a hot electrode, an ion barrier, and a tubulation are formed in a glass seal as a single unit, placing the terminals of the electrodes and the tipped-off tubulation in a small region of the lamp to permit easier access and alignment.

Abstract: At least two discharge units (2, 3; 14, 15, 16; 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29) are ocated adjacent each other, each of the discharge units preferably including a unitary U-shaped tube having two longitudinal leg portions (2a, 2b; 3a, 3b) extending parallel to each other, and a cross portion (4, 5) connecting the leg portions at the base of the U. The free ends of the U are pinch-sealed and air-tight, and the two discharge units are so positioned relative to each other that the longitudinal leg portions extend parallel to each other, selectively, in a single plane, in parallel planes, or angled with respect to each other; the cross elements are located at adjacent end portions of the respective units.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in which a rare gas and mercury are provided in an outer bulb, which in turn contains therein a plurality of bent inner tubes, each having an opening at an end and an electrode at the other end thereof. A starting probe is provided between the openings in the outer bulb. An operating circuit or starter is connected to the electrodes. Further, a starting probe circuit is connected to the starting probe to apply a high voltage to the starting probe at the time of ignition.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in which a rare gas and mercury are provided in an outer bulb, which in turn contains therein a plurality of bent inner tubes, each having an opening at an end and an electrode at the other end thereof. A starting probe is provided between the openings in the outer bulb. An operating circuit or starter is connected to the electrodes. Further, a starting probe circuit is connected to the starting probe to apply a high voltage to the starting probe at the time of ignition.

Abstract: The disclosure is of a display panel, known as a bar graph and used for displaying bars of light of varying length. The panel includes an anode and a series of cathode bars, the cathodes being connected in three phases of groups which are formed by a trifilar winding on an insulating base plate. The anode for the panel may be formed on the face plate which is hermetically sealed to the base plate to form a gas-tight envelope which is filled with an ionizable gas.The principles of the invention can be used to make other types of panels having electrodes connected in groups.