Abstract: A flat glow discharge lamp includes a discharge tube having two opposing flat faces and a first and second plurality of long electrodes disposed on respective opposing flat faces, wherein one of the pluralities of long electrodes is composed of a transparent conductive material. The discharge lamp includes a fluorescent layer disposed on the inner surface of the discharge tube, and either rare gases, such as argon, or low-pressure mercury vapor. The first and second plurality of long electrodes provides for a homogeneous discharge over the face of the discharge lamp.

Abstract: In a dielectric barrier discharge lamp, in which a discharge vessel, in which a discharge gas forming "excimer" molecules is encapsulated, is provided with a dielectric provided with a netlike electrode and a window, through which the light goes, the first object of the invention is achieved by an arrangement in which a thickness of ends of the above-described netlike electrodes is greater than the average thickness of the entire electrode. Another object of the invention is achieved by an arrangement in which a holder incorporated in the discharge vessel has an outer dimension that is less than/equal to an outer dimension of the netlike electrodes. A further object of the invention is achieved by an arrangement by which the discharge vessel has a hollow cylindrical shape formed from an external tube and an internal tube and a means for hermetic sealing is arranged inside the internal tube.

Abstract: A photo-ionization detector utilizes an ultraviolet (UV) lamp and is designed for detecting and measuring the concentration of volatile gases flowing between closely spaced parallel electrodes. One of the electrodes is formed to allow photons to pass into the space between the electrodes to ionize the volatile gases between the electrodes. The detector also incorporates an improved ionization chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel with a ceramic wall which has an outer surface on which a metallic coating is present. According to the invention, the coating is a metal layer sintered on the ceramic wall, which sintering process takes place during sintering of the discharge vessel so as to achieve translucence.

Abstract: A discharge lamp having a large light output and a stable discharge. On an external surface of a cylindrical glass bulb enclosing a rare gas such as xenon, a pair of beltlike electrodes are mounted so as to face each other. A light output part is provided between the electrodes, and the electrodes are situated close to each other on the opposite side to the light output part. An image display device is constituted by arranging a plurality of the discharge lamps.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier discharge lamp has a discharge vessel having a discharge chamber filled with a discharge gas. Excimer molecules are developed due to a dielectric barrier discharge. The discharge vessel is equipped with a window for the output of the light radiated from the excimer molecules. A getter space, equipped with a getter, communicates with the discharge chamber. A common wall separates the discharge chamber from the getter space, or a separately arranged getter space is connected to the discharge chamber via a tube. In one form, the discharge vessel and window is made of quartz glass containing less than 10 ppm of OH radicals by weight.

Abstract: An electrostatic shield is provided between the induction coil and the arc tube of an electrodeless HID lamp. In one embodiment, the shield is a transparent glass cylinder coated with a thin, transparent, conductive layer of tin oxide. In another embodiment, the electrostatic shield is a conductive, transparent tin oxide coating applied to either the inner or outer surface of an outer light-transmissive jacket surrounding the arc tube. The tin oxide layer is discontinuous so as to minimize currents induced in the conductive tin oxide layer by the induction coil. The thickness of the tin oxide layer is sufficient to make it conductive and form an approximately equipotential surface, thereby shielding the arc tube and plasma discharge from intense electric fields, reducing arc tube wall damage and increasing lamp life. In addition, tin oxide functions as an infrared reflector which returns infrared radiation to the arc tube, resulting in higher efficacy.

Abstract: In a UV excimer radiator, the ignition behavior during the initial ignition or relatively long operating pauses is improved by providing means for local field distortion in the discharge space. These means can either be local constrictions provided in a pinpointed fashion or a disturbing body made from aluminum oxide or titanium oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrodeless, low pressure gas discharge lamp. The lamp includes a vitreous envelope containing a metal vapor and an inert gas. The envelope is shaped with an external chamber for receiving an electrical excitation circuit. The excitation circuit is effective for exciting the metal vapor to emit light with electromagnetic fields that are passed through the vitreous envelope from outside, to inside, the envelope. A circuit supplies electrical power from power mains to the excitation circuit. A transparent, electrically conductive coating is disposed on the inner surface of the vitreous envelope for suppressing electromagnetic interference on the power mains. An electrically conductive coating is disposed on the outer surface of the vitreous envelope; it is capacitively coupled to the inner conductive coating, via a wall of the vitreous envelope, and is maintained at a suitable potential for suppressing electromagnetic interference on the power mains.

Abstract: A cold cathode tube in which an auxiliary electrode formed of an electric conductive material is provided on an outer surface of a cylindrical tube element so as to extend over substantially a half of the tube element from one end thereof to a location in the neighborhood of a center of the tube element along a longitudinal direction, and a longer one of a pair of lead wires from a power source section is connected to one of a pair of electrodes on the side where the auxiliary electrode is provided.

Abstract: An additional capacitance in the form of a molding (12") composed of dielectric material is inserted in an inner space of an ultraviolet light excimer radiator, making it possible to enforce loss-free control of the axial and/or radial distribution of the power consumption and ultraviolet light intensity. In the irradiation of wide substrates such as sheets, papers, and the like coated with paint, lacquers or adhesives, in particular, this measure is advantageous if all the regions of the substrate are to be irradiated with approximately the same dose.

Abstract: A shrouded pin electrode structure including an elongated pin that extends into the volume of a gas containment structure of an RF excited gas discharge light source and is physically isolated from the discharge gas contained in the volume of the gas containment structure by a shroud structure made for example of a gas impermeable dielectric coating or closed end tube.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp has a filling in a discharge vessel (1) which includes a rare gas and a metal compound (2) chosen from hafnium halides and zirconium halides. The halide evaporates and discomposes to form incandescent, condensed metal particles. The lamp may be electrodeless and may in addition contain a buffer gas as a component of its filling. Alternatively, the lamp may have internal electrodes (13) and contain mercury (12) as a buffer gas. The lamp has favorable light generating properties, in particular a good color rendering, and in addition may have a very high luminous efficacy.

Abstract: A fluorescent lighting system that includes a gas containment vessel having an internal phosphor coating and containing an ionizable gas, field concentrator electrodes supported inside or outside the gas containment vessel, and an RF power source coupled directly or capacitively to the field concentrator electrodes.

Abstract: An electrodeless high intensity discharge (HID) lamp arc tube having a stabilized condensate location. The arc tube contains a predetermined location or distortion on the inside surface of the arc tube. The distortion may be a protrusion on the inside surface of the arc tube formed during the arc tube forming process. In operation of the lamp, the non gaseous dose remains condensed substantially in the cold spot region formed by said protrusion so that the arc tube walls remain clear for maximal light output, and the arc tube remains stable and efficacious to substantially higher power than is the case for arc tubes without the distortion.

Abstract: A high-pressure glow discharge lamp (1) having a planar discharge vessel (2) which is sealed in a vacuumtight manner, which surrounds a discharge space (3) filled with a gas mixture which forms excimers, and whose parallel walls (4, 5) are formed from a dielectric material. The surfaces (6, 7) of the walls (4, 5) remote from the discharge space (3) are provided with planar electrodes (8, 9). At least one (5) of these walls with its associated electrode (8) is at least partly transparent to the generated radiation. The gas mixture includes at least one of the rare gases Xe, Kr and Ar for forming an excimer and at least one of the halogens I.sub.2, Br.sub.2, Cl.sub.2 and F.sub.2. The partial pressure of the substance forming the excimer is at least 10 and at most 600 mbar in the case of Xe and/or Kr and at least 10 and at most 1000 mbar in the case of Ar. The partial pressure of the halogen is between 0.05 and 5% of the partial pressure of the substance forming the excimer.

Abstract: The electrodeless low pressure sodium vapour discharge lamp which has a discharge vessel (1) containing sodium vapour and inert gas. The discharge vessel (1) has an enveloping part (10) and connected therewith at a first end of the discharge vessel (1) a sunken part (20). In the sunken part (20) is a body (30) of soft-magnetic material which is surrounded by an electric coil (31). The discharge vessel (1) is enclosed in an outer bulb (40). The inner surface (2) of the discharge vessel (1) has a layer (4) of borate glass. The borate glass which covers the sunken part (20), is sintered. The invention renders it possible to make parts of construction glass which have a layer of borate glass at an outer surface.

Abstract: A microwave-powered discharge lamp having a microwave cavity, a discharge lamp mounted within the cavity, a reflector for light emitted by the lamp mounted outside the cavity, and a non-conductive reflector mounted within the cavity for outwardly reflecting light emitted from the lamp.

Abstract: An improved avionics fluorescent lamp including a fluorescent tube having a resistive element disposed on its exterior and a terminal block for receiving an inserted fluorescent tube, the terminal block having a semi-rigid electrical contact for contacting the resistive element when the tube is inserted inside the terminal block. A plurality of connectors are disposed on the exterior of the terminal block for providing easy connection between the lamp wiring harness and the filament pins of the fluorescent tube and the resistive element by the semi-rigid connector. And a display device having the fluorescent lamp of the present invention disposed therein where the resistive element is disposed on the reflector side of the tube.

Abstract: An electrodeless HID lamp having a quartz arc tube having a gas fill contained therein, is energized to a discharge state upon the introduction of a high frequency RF current in close proximity thereto, also includes a starting aid stem which extends from the arc tube. An outer jacket surrounds the arc tube and a portion of the starting aid stem. The outer jacket is pinch sealed at the end from which the starting aid stem extends. This pinch sealing results in the formation of a sealed space between the outer jacket and the arc tube and further allows that, by the gripping of the starting aid stem at the pinch seal region, the arc tube is supported in a fixed non-contacting position within the outer jacket. A sealant material can be applied around the starting aid stem at the pinch seal region to prevent leakage of the sealed space formed within the outer jacket.

Abstract: In a UV high-power radiator, a plurality of dielectric tubes (6) having internal electrodes (7) are disposed in the interior of a quartz housing having rectangular cross section. The interior of the housing is filled with a filling gas which emits UV radiation under discharge conditions. The electrical supply is provided in such a way that the discharges (17) develop between adjacent dielectric tubes (6). A notable feature of this construction is its compactness, economical nature and service friendliness.

Abstract: A low pressure gas discharge lamp comprises an elongated tube filled with a discharge gas. An inner electrode is disposed in a first end portion of the tube and an outer electrode is formed on an outer surface of the tube. The outer electrode has a belt shaped portion formed on the outer surface of the tube along an axial direction of the tube between the first end portion and a second end portion of the tube and a ring shaped portion formed on the outer surface of the tube around the second end portion of the tube. The ring shaped portion is connected to the belt shaped portion. The discharge is generated between the inner electrode and the outer electrode. The ring shaped portion of the outer electrode prevents the discharge from shifting from a central axis of the tube, and thus makes the lamp have an even brightness distribution along the axis of the tube.

Abstract: A cold cathode mercury vapor discharge lamp includes a bulb, a support wire within the bulb, and a cathode electrode having a pair of V-shaped electrode portions mounted in spaced, end to end relationship along the support wire. The electrodes include exterior surfaces facing towards the bulb walls, and interior surfaces facing towards the support wire. Getters are mounted on the exterior surfaces, and mercury discharge units are mounted on the interior surfaces. The two electrode portions are non-overlapping along the support wire.

Abstract: A fluorescent lighting structure having an inner glass envelope and an outer glass envelope surrounding the inner glass envelope, an ionizable gas contained within the volume between the inner and outer glass envelopes, an electrode structure disposed on the inside surface of the inner glass envelope, a phosphor coating disposed on the outside surface of the inner glass envelope, and an ultraviolet reflective coating on the inside surface of the outer glass envelope. Excitation of the electrode structure causes discharge of the ionizable gas that produces ultraviolet radiation, which in turn excites the phosphor coating to emit visible light.

Abstract: In order to be able in the case of UV high-power omni-directional radiators to direct the generated radiation only in a preferred direction, and to avoid shading by the inner dielectric tube (2), the outer electrodes (4) are arranged only on a part of the circumference of the outer dielectric tubes (1). In this way, the object to be irradiated or the substance to be irradiated can thus be arranged directly in the range of emission of the discharges (7).

Abstract: The high-power radiator includes a discharge space (12) bounded by a metal electrode (8), cooled on one side, and a dielectric (9) and filled with a noble gas or gas mixture, both the dielectric (9) and also the other electrode situated on the surface of the dielectric facing away from the discharge space (12) being transparent for the radiation generated by quiet electric discharges. In this manner, a large-area UV radiator with high efficiency is created which can be operated at high electrical power densities of up to 50 kW/m.sup.2 of active electrode surface.

Abstract: A gas probe starter for an electrodeless HID lamp includes a getter for removing gaseous impurities from the fill contained in the starting chamber of the gas probe starter. In a preferred embodiment, a metal foil having active getter material disposed on the surfaces thereof in the form of a sintered powder is inserted at an optimum location in the starting chamber which depends on the optimum operating temperature of the particular getter material.

Abstract: An image input device including a rare gas cold cathode discharge tube is provided to read an irradiated picture image using a photoelectric transducer element. The rare gas cold cathode tube includes a linear tube including a main electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a conductive member connected to the auxiliary electrode for preventing deflections of a positive column formed along the auxiliary electrode. The tube is successively powered on and off. Three of such tubes of different colors may be provided and the irradiated picture image may be read by a storage type photoelectric transducer element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium discharge lamp in which the elongate discharge vessel is provided with an external ignition antenna consisting of a thin spiralized wire. According to the invention, an end of the antenna is fixed directly to a support member without a mandril at a location axially spaced from said discharge vessel in the extended direction of the discharge vessel and mounted elastically and with pretension over substantially its entire length.

Abstract: A phosphor layer is coated on an inner wall of a tubular glass bulb. A predetermined amount of a rare gas containing xenon gas as a main component thereof is sealed and enclosed in the tubular glass bulb. A pair of belt-shaped electrodes are formed on an outer wall of the enclosed glass bulb throughout substantially the entire length of the glass bulb.

Abstract: An illumination device comprising a reflecting plate, a single or a plural number of linear light source(s) arranged over said reflecting plate and a diffusing plate arranged over said light source(s), a light quantity adjusting means being arranged on the surface of the linear light source on between said light source(s) and said diffusing plate, and said illumination device being so adapted as to uniformalize luminance distribution on the diffusing plate by selecting shape and size of light-transmitting portions of the light quantity adjusting means.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge tube containing a fill which comprises a metal carbonyl complex. Such a complex will be sufficiently volatile to produce a vapor pressure in a discharge tube in which a discharge can be generated. The discharge so generated emits a mixture of visible and infra-red radiation.

Abstract: To eliminate a holding frame for a starting wire (20) outside of an elongd discharge vessel (1), the starting wire (20) is directly connected to one of the electrode leads (4, 5), typically niobium tubes, by a bimetal strip (21) which is, preferably, bent in stepped form or Z shape. Under cold conditions, the strip or wire (20) is in engagement with the outside of the discharge vessel (1) to assist in starting, due to its electrical connection via the bimetal strip (21) with one of the electrodes; upon heating of the lamp, the bimetal strip (21) will lift the wire (20) off engagement with the discharge vessel (1) and thus prevent deterioration thereof.

Abstract: A cold-cathode discharge lamp device including a cold-cathode discharge lamp unit and a supplemental light source for emitting light toward a discharge space between a pair of cold-electrodes of the discharge lamp unit for producing initial electrons in the discharge space.

Abstract: A discharge tube arrangement comprises an excitation device and a discharge tube made of a light-transmissive dielectric material and containing a fill. The excitation device is suitable, when energized with radio frequency (r.f.) power, for exciting surface waves in the discharge tube. The excitation device includes a launcher and a plurality of electrical components associated with the supply of r.f. power to the launcher and constituting at least one of an impedance matching network and a part at least of means to generate r.f. power. This plurality of electrical components is positioned in the launcher between its inner and outer tubes.

Abstract: A discharge tube arrangement includes a discharge tube containing a fill and means for generating a discharge in the fill from a source of radio frequency (r.f.) power. An electrically conductive structure surrounds the discharge tube. The electrically conductive structure is formed of a plurality of waveguides which extend outwardly from the discharge tube. One or more waveguides has a cross-sectional area that increases with separation from the discharge tube. Each waveguide is dimensioned to support the propagation of electromagnetic radiation above a cut-off frequency.

Abstract: Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a discharge vessel filled with mercury and a rare gas, which discharge vessel comprises two substantially parallel, mainly rectangular flat glass plates located at a relatively short distance from each other and being transparent to light, which plates are connected together in a gas-tight manner proximate their circumference and form upright walls. Electrodes, between which a discharge is maintained in the discharge vessel during operation arranged on the outer side of the discharge vessel. The electrodes are in the form of strips of conducting material which are arranged on at least two facing upright walls and which extend substantially throughout the length of these walls.

Abstract: A discharge tube arrangement for use as a light source includes a discharge tube made of a light-transmissive dielectric material and containing a fill. An excitation device for exciting surface waves in the discharge tube comprises an r.f. power generator and a launcher. The launcher is formed as an inner tube, an outer tube coaxial with the inner tube and first and second end walls, at least one of the first and second end walls having an aperture for receiving the discharge tube. A launcher gap extends axially from a first end of the inner tube and there is also a further gap. The outer tube and the first and second end walls form an unbroken electrically conductive path to provide an r.f. screening structure around the inner tube.

Abstract: An improved bulb mounting arrangement for an electrodeless lamp to prevent the bulb from rotating during lamp operation. The shape of the bulb mounting projection ends and the shape of the cavity side wall openings are arranged so as to cooperate with each other to preclude substantial rotation of the bulb.

Abstract: A high-power radiator for UV light comprises a quartz tube or glass tube (1) with electrodes (3, 4), which are arranged in pairs and are separated from one another in the circumferential direction. Together with the electrodes, the tube is partially embedded in a molding compound (2), and forms a module (6). A plurality of these modules can be assembled to form arbitrary radiator geometries.

Abstract: A rare gas discharge lamp device comprises a bulb with a rare gas sealed therein, a pair of internal electrodes provided within the bulb, a phosphor layer formed on the inner surface of the bulb, a lighting circuit adapted to apply voltage across two internal electrodes to produce a discharge or a positive column between the internal electrodes, and an auxiliary electrode formed on the outer surface of the bulb and extending in the longitudinal direction of the bulb, the positive column being attracted toward the auxiliary electrode, and a window formed on the bulb in a manner to face the auxiliary electrode for emitting visible light to be produced within the bulb.

Abstract: A discharge tube arrangement includes a discharge tube of a light-transmissive dielectric material and containing a fill. An excitation device for exciting surface waves in the discharge tube comprises an r.f. power generator and a launcher. The launcher is formed as an inner tube, an outer tube coaxial with the inner tube, and first and second end walls, at least one of the first and second end walls having an aperture for receiving the discharge tube. Means are provided inside the launcher for coupling r.f. power to the inner tube. A body of dielectric material extends from the inner tube to the outer tube, thereby to hold the tubes in fixed relative positions, the body encasing the coupling means.

Abstract: A high-power radiator, especially for ultraviolet light, wherein in order to increase the efficiency in the case of UV high-power cylindrical radiators, the inner dielectrics (3) are very small in comparison with the outer dielectric tube. A privileged direction of radiation is achieved by eccentric arrangement of the dielectrics and outer electrodes (2) only on the surface adjacent to the inner dielectric (3), and simultaneous construction of the outer electrode (7) as a reflector.

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprises a substantially straight glass bulb having a discharge gas charged therein and an electrode provided at each longitudinal end portion of the bulb on the outer surface thereof. A high frequency voltage is applied across the electrodes of the discharge lamp. Each end portion has an outer surface area per unit length of the bulb larger than that at light emitting portion of the bulb. The outer surface area may be uneven or in the shape of ridges and furrows at the end portions to create a large surface area, the electrodes being configured to the ridges and furrows. The end portions may have a larger diameter than that of the light emitting portion of the bulb so that they have a larger surface area contacting with the bulb. Each of the electrodes may have a narrow belt-shaped elongate portion on the outer surface of the bulb extending longitudinally within toward the middle portion, thereby allowing use of a lower discharge voltage.

Abstract: In a UV high-power radiator, the electrodes (6', 6") consist of wires embedded in a glass dielectric (3). The dielectric is arranged spaced between two UV-transparent sheets (1, 2). The discharge spaces (8, 9) are filled with a filler gas emitting radiation under discharge conditions. The surface discharges (10) form on the dielectric surface in each case between two adjacent electrode wires (6', 6"). A high-power radiator constructed in this manner is characterized by simple and economical construction and high UV yield.

Abstract: The high-power radiation source for visible light includes a discharge space (4) bounded by dielectrics (1, 10) and filled with a noble gas or gas mixture. Adjacent to the dielectrics (1,10) are luminescent coatings (5,11). Both the dielectric (1,10) and the electrode (6,12) situated on the surfaces of the dielectrics facing away from the discharge space (4) are transparent to the radiation generated by the dark electrical discharges. In this way, a large-area radiation source with high efficiency is provided which can be operated with high electrical power densities of up to 50 kW/m.sup.2 of active electrode surface.

Abstract: The high-power radiator includes a discharge space (4) bounded by dielectrics (1, 2) and filled with a noble gas or gas mixture and electrodes (5, 6). The electrodes (5, 6) are transparent to the radiation produced by silent electrical discharges and are, situated on the surfaces of the di-electrics facing away from the discharge space. In this manner, a large-area UV radiator with high efficiency is produced which can be operated with high electrical power densities of up to 50 kW/m.sup.2 of active electrode surface.

Abstract: A light emitting device wherein one of a plurality of juxtaposed discharge tubes which is to remain not emitting light is prevented from being caused to emit light by induction by an adjacent one of the discharge tubes which is to emit light, thereby enabling fully independent control of light emission by the discharge tubes. In the light emitting device, trigger electrodes of each adjacent ones of a plurality of juxtaposed discharge tubes are located at opposite positions to each other with respect to the adjacent discharge tubes.

Abstract: A rare gas discharge lamp device comprises a bulb with a rare gas sealed therein, a pair of internal electrodes provided within the bulb, a phosphor layer formed on the inner surface of the bulb, a lighting circuit adapted to apply voltage across two internal electrodes to produce a discharge or a positive column between the internal electrodes, and an auxiliary electrode formed on the outer surface of the bulb and extending in the longitudinal direction of the bulb, the positive column being attracted toward the auxiliary electrode, and a window formed on the bulb in a manner to face the auxiliary electrode for emitting visible light to be produced within the bulb.

Abstract: Improved ease of starting at room temperature while maintaining high efficacy and good color rendition at white color temperatures is achieved in an electrodeless metal halide high intensity discharge lamp wherein a mercury-free combination of arc tube fill materials may include sodium iodide with or without cerium halide, and either krypton or argon as a starting gas.